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Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and the following apply
3.1.1 band sawing machine sawing machine with one or more saw blades in the form of continuous bands each mounted on and running between two or more band wheels
The table band saw is a hand-fed band sawing machine featuring a fixed or tilting table, or a tilting frame It can be equipped with various accessory attachments, including a firewood support and a demountable power feed unit for re-sawing.
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 1, 3 and 4
3.1.3 band re-saw band sawing machine with integrated feed used for secondary conversion of solid wood
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 2, 5 and 6
3.1.4 saw blade straining force exerted on the saw blade to keep it in position on the band wheels during cutting
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 10
The saw blade tensioning process is essential for shaping the cross-section of the blade, achieved through rolling or hammering techniques This process ensures that both the front and back edges of the saw blade securely grip the band wheels, enhancing performance and stability during operation.
3.1.6 saw blade tracking means used to maintain the position of the saw blade on the band wheels
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 11
3.1.7 manual control situation where each process movement is initiated by the operator
3.1.8 machine actuator power mechanism used to effect motion of the machine
Hand feeding involves the manual holding and guiding of a workpiece, utilizing a hand-operated carriage for placement or clamping This process may also include the use of a detachable power feed unit to assist in the operation.
The demountable power feed unit features a feed mechanism designed for hand-fed machines, allowing for easy relocation from its working position without the need for a spanner or any additional tools.
The integrated feed mechanism for the workpiece or band saw blade is designed to be part of the machine, ensuring that both the workpiece and the band saw blade are securely held and mechanically controlled throughout the machining process.
3.1.12 run-up time elapsed time from the actuation of the start control device until the driven band wheel reaches the intended speed
3.1.13 run-down time elapsed time from the actuation of the stop control device until driven band wheel standstill
Manual loading of power-fed machines involves the operator directly presenting the workpiece to the machine's integrated feed, such as rotating feed rollers, a traveling table, or a reciprocating carriage In this process, there is no intermediate loading device to facilitate the transfer of the workpiece from the operator to the integrated feed.
Manual unloading of power-fed machines involves the operator directly removing the workpiece from the machine's outfeed This process does not utilize any intermediate unloading device to facilitate the transfer of the workpiece to the operator.
3.1.16 cutting area area where the saw blade can be involved in the cutting process
3.1.17 non-cutting area area where the saw blade is not involved in the cutting process
3.1.18 stationary machine machine designed to be located on or fixed to the floor or other parts of the structure of the premises and to be stationary during use
3.1.19 displaceable machine machine which is located on the floor, stationary during use and equipped with a device, normally wheels, which allows it to be moved between locations
PTO-driven machine displaceable machine designed to be mounted to a moveable work machine, e.g tractor, and which is powered by PTO
Supplier information includes statements, sales literature, leaflets, and other documents in which the manufacturer or supplier declares the characteristics of the material or product, as well as its compliance with relevant standards.
3.1.22 safety function function of a machine whose failure can result in an immediate increase of the risk(s)
3.1.23 safety-related part of a control system
SRP/CS part of a control system that responds to safety-related input signals and generates safety-related output signals
SRESW firmware system software software that is part of the system supplied by the control manufacturer and which is not accessible for modification by the user of the machinery
Note 1 to entry: Firmware or system software are synonymous with embedded software
Note 2 to entry: Manufacturer means manufacturer of the system
Note 3 to entry: For example the operating system of a speed monitoring device
SRASW software, tailored for specific applications, is developed by the machine manufacturer It typically includes logic sequences, limits, and expressions that manage the essential inputs, outputs, calculations, and decisions required to fulfill SRP/CS standards.
3.1.26 irregular shaped workpiece workpiece with no even surface for stable guiding on the saw table, e.g firewood
3.1.27 performance level PL discrete level used to specify the ability of safety-related parts of control systems to perform a safety function under foreseeable conditions
Terminology
The names of the main parts of the machines are shown in Figures 1 to 6 and Tables 1 and 2
Figure 1 — Example of hand fed table band saw
Table 1 — Terminology for table band saw
8 Adjustable guard for saw blade
Figure 2 — Example of band re-saw
Table 2 — Terminology for band re-saw
6 Adjustable guard for saw blade
Figure 3 — Example of hand fed table band saw with three band wheels
Figure 4 — Example of hand fed table band saw (tilting saw unit)
Figure 5 — Example of twin opposed band re-saws
Figure 6 — Example of twin band re-saws in tandem
This clause outlines all major hazards and hazardous situations identified through risk assessment as critical for the machines within the defined scope, necessitating action to mitigate or eliminate risks The document addresses these significant hazards by establishing safety requirements and measures, or by referencing applicable standards.
These hazards are listed in Table 3
Table 3 — List of significant hazards – Table band saws and band re-saws
No Hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events EN ISO 12100:2010 Relevant subclauses of this document
1 Mechanical hazards related to: a) machine parts or workpieces:
3) mass and stability (potential energy of elements which may move under the effect of gravity)
4) mass and velocity (kinetic energy of elements in controlled or uncontrolled motion)
Annex A, Annex D b) accumulation of energy inside the machinery:
1) liquids and gases under pressure 6.2.10, 6.3.5.4 5.4.6, 5.4.7
1.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard
1.9 High pressure fluid injection or ejection hazard 6.2.10 5.4.6, 5.4.7
2.1 Contact of persons with live parts (direct contact) 6.2.9, 6.3.5.4 5.4.4, 5.4.13
2.2 Contact of persons with parts which have become live under faulty conditions
4 Hazards generated by noise, resulting in:
4.1 Hearing loss (deafness), other physiological disorders (loss of balance, loss of awareness)
4.2 Interference with speech communication, acoustic signals 6.3
7 Hazards generated by materials and substances (and their constituent elements) processed or used by the machinery
7.1 Hazards from contact with or inhalation of harmful fluids and dusts 6.2.3, 6.2.4 5.4.3, 6.3
8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in machinery design related to:
8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive effort 6.2.7, 6.2.8, 6.2.11.12,
8.2 Hand-arm or foot-leg anatomy 6.2.8.3 5.4.5
8.5 Mental overload and underload, stress 6.2.8.5 6.3
8.7 Design, location or identification of manual controls 6.2.8.f, 6.2.11.8 5.2.2, 5.4.5
8.8 Design or location of visual display units 6.2.8, 6.4.2 5.2.2, 5.4.5
9 Unexpected start up, unexpected overrun/overspeed (or any similar malfunction) from:
9.1 Failure/disorder of the control system 6.2.11, 6.3.5.4 5.2.1, 5.2.11,
9.2 Restoration of energy supply after an interruption 6.2.11.4 5.2.9, 5.4.6,
9.3 External influences on electrical equipment 6.2.11.11 5.4.9
9.6 Errors made by the operator (due to mismatch of machinery with human characteristics and abilities, see 8.6)
10 Impossibility of stopping the machine in the best possible conditions 6.2.11.1, 6.2.11.3,
11 Variations in the rotational speed of tools 6.2.2.2, 6.2.3 5.2.8
12 Failure of the power supply 6.2.11.1, 6.2.11.4 5.2.10
13 Failure of the control circuit 6.2.11, 6.3.5.4 5.2.11
16 Falling or ejected objects or fluids 6.2.3, 6.2.10 5.3.2, 5.3.3,
17 Loss of stability / overturning of machinery 6.3.2.6 5.3.1, Annex C
5 Safety requirements and/or measures
General
The machine shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of Clause 5
The machine must be designed in accordance with EN ISO 12100:2010 principles to address relevant but not significant hazards, such as sharp edges on the machine frame, which are not covered in this document.
For guidance in connection with risk reduction by design, see 6.2 of EN ISO 12100:2010, and for safeguarding measures, see 6.3 of EN ISO 12100:2010.
Controls
Safety and reliability of control systems
This document defines the safety-related part of a control system as encompassing the initial device, such as an actuator, position detector, or sensor, up to the power control element of the final machine actuator, like a motor or brake The safety-related components of the control system must address specific functions and meet at least the performance level (PL) requirements outlined in the relevant clauses of EN ISO 13849-1:2008.
Starting and restarting: PL = c (see 5.2.3);
normal stopping: PL = c (see 5.2.4.1 and 5.2.4.2);
emergency stopping (if required): PL = c (see 5.2.5);
stopping powered feed rollers: PL = c (see 5.2.4.1 and 5.2.5);
speed changing by belt position: PL = c (see 5.2.8);
interlocking with guard locking: PL = c (see 5.3.7.1.2, 5.3.7.2, 5.3.7.3);
mode selection (if required): PL = c (see 5.2.7);
trip devices (where fitted): PL = c (see 5.3.7.2);
braking function: PL = c or PL = b (see 5.3.4.1);
pressure sensitive devices (where fitted): PL = c (see 5.3.7.2.4);
opto-electronic devices (where fitted): PL = c (see 5.3.7.2.4)
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams and inspection of the machine
Protective devices must comply with specific standards The following requirements apply to the listed devices: magnetic and proximity switches must meet the criteria outlined in section 6.2.
The EN 1088:1995+A2:2008 standard and its associated control system must meet a minimum performance level of PL = c, as specified by EN ISO 13849-1:2008 Additionally, if a time delay is implemented, it must either utilize a failsafe technique or comply with the requirements for at least PL = c according to EN ISO 13849-1:2008.
See also 5.4.9 for the EMC requirements on the complete machine
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection of the machine, measurement and relevant functional testing of the machine
NOTE For the components characteristics a confirmation from the components' manufacturers can be useful.
Position of controls
Table band saws must have all control devices, including the emergency stop, located on the infeed side, positioned between 600 mm and 1,800 mm above the floor, and placed on either a fixed part of the machine, a movable control panel, or a free-standing control console.
Verification : By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, measurement, visual inspection of the machine and relevant functional testing of the machine
For re-saws, all operational control devices, excluding the emergency stop, must be located as specified in section 5.2.2.1 Additionally, an emergency stop control should be accessible at every infeed and outfeed location, as well as on any fixed or movable control panel.
Verification : By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, measurement, visual inspection of the machine and relevant functional testing of the machine.
Starting
Before operating or reactivating the machine, ensure that all interlocked guards are properly installed and operational, as specified in section 5.3.7 The functionality of these guards is ensured through the interlocking mechanisms outlined in the same section For guidelines regarding non-interlocked guards prior to starting the machine, refer to section 6.3, specifically list entry d), sub-entry 6).
Start or restart shall only be possible by actuation of the start control device provided for that purpose
For electrically operated machines the requirements of 9.2.5.2 of EN 60204-1:2006 apply but the exceptions described in 9.2.5.2 of EN 60204-1:2006 are not relevant
The integrated feed or demountable power-feed unit must not be able to start until the band saw is operational and has achieved its designated cutting speed, particularly if the design run-up time exceeds 10 seconds.
The safety components of control systems for starting and interlocking arrangements must meet a minimum Performance Level (PL) of c, as specified in EN ISO 13849-1:2008 Additionally, the closure of movable interlocked guards must not trigger an automatic restart of hazardous movements.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection of the machine and relevant functional testing of the machine.
Normal stopping
The machine must be equipped with a stop control that allows for the cessation of operation for both the machine and any attached demountable power feed unit This stopping mechanism will ensure that all actuators, except for those involved in workpiece clamping, are disconnected from the energy supply, with the exception of Power Drive Systems (PDS) as specified in EN 61800-5-2:2007.
For normal stopping of PDS(SR) (power drive system, safety related), see 4.2.2.2, "safe torque off (STO)” and 4.2.2.3, “safe stop 1 (SS1)” of EN 61800-5-2:2007
The machine shall stop directly from each speed
If the machine is fitted with a spring operated mechanical brake this stop control shall be of category 0 in accordance with the requirements of 9.2.2 of EN 60204-1:2006
If the machine is fitted with any other type of brake e.g electrical brake this stop control shall be of category 1 in accordance with the requirements of 9.2.2 of EN 60204-1:2006
In the case of a category 1 stop control, the stopping sequence must begin with cutting power to all machine actuators and any sockets, except for workpiece clamping if present, followed by activating the brake(s) After the driven band saw wheel has come to a complete stop, power to the brake(s) should be cut, which can be achieved using a time delay as specified in section 5.2.1.2, list entry b).
When utilizing a time delay device, it must adhere to the specifications outlined in 5.2.1.2, specifically list entry b), ensuring it is at least equal to the maximum run-down time The time delay can either be fixed or equipped with a sealed adjustment device.
The safety related part of the control systems (see also 5.2.1) for normal stopping shall be at least PL = c in accordance with the requirements of EN ISO 13849-1:2008
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection of the machine and relevant functional testing of the machine.
Emergency stop
The requirements of EN ISO 13850:2008 apply and in addition:
Machines equipped with multiple actuators or designed for a removable power feed unit must include an emergency stop control that disconnects power to all actuators, except for workpiece clamping This control must adhere to the standards outlined in sections 9.2.5.4.2 and 10.7 of EN 60204-1:2006 Additionally, the emergency stop device should be of a self-latching type at all times.
The emergency stop control (if fitted) shall be located in accordance with 5.2.2
For emergency stop of PDS(SR), see 4.2.2.2, "safe torque off (STO)” and 4.2.2.3, “safe stop 1 (SS1)” of
If the machine is fitted with a spring actuated mechanical brake this stop control shall be of category 0 in accordance with the requirements of 9.2.2 of EN 60204-1:2006
If the machine is fitted with any other type of brake e.g electrical brake this stop control shall be of category 1 in accordance with the requirements of 9.2.2 of EN 60204-1:2006
Dangerous movements caused by gravity, pressure, etc shall be avoided, e.g by automatic mechanical blocking or clamping devices
In the case of a category 1 stop control, the stopping sequence must begin with cutting power to all machine actuators and any sockets, except for workpiece clamping if it is installed, followed by activating the brake After the driven band saw wheel has come to a complete stop, power to the brake should be cut, particularly if an electrical brake is used, which can be managed through a time delay as specified in section 5.2.1.2, list entry b).
When utilizing a time delay device, it is essential that the time delay is set to a minimum of the maximum run-down time The time delay can either be fixed or, if adjustable, must be sealed to ensure compliance.
The safety related part of the control systems (see also 5.2.1) for the emergency stop shall be at least PL = c in accordance with the requirements of EN ISO 13849-1:2008
Verification: By checking relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection of the machine and relevant functional testing of the machine.
Tracking mode
The possibility of blade tracking shall be provided, e.g by a means for adjusting inclination of one of the band wheels (see also 5.3.3.1) Tracking can be made:
To ensure safety, the brake must be released according to section 5.3.4.2 before manually rotating the wheels with open guards It is important to note that the brake cannot be released until the band wheels come to a complete stop.
with closed guards during unbraked run-down; in this case, a mode selector shall be provided according to 5.2.7
Verification : By checking relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection of the machine and relevant functional testing of the machine.
Mode selection
A mode selection switch for tracking during unbraked run-down must comply with EN ISO 12100:2010, specifically section 6.2.11.10 This switch should override all control systems except for the emergency stop, ensuring that guards cannot be opened until the saw blade has completely stopped Additionally, the switch must be lockable in any position, such as with a key-operated mechanism, and changing the mode should not trigger any machine movement.
The safety related part of the control systems (also see 5.2.1) for the mode selection shall be at least PL = c in accordance with the requirements of EN ISO 13849-1:2008
Verification: By checking relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection of the machine and relevant functional testing of the machine.
Speed control
Machines designed for multiple saw blade speeds must comply with all relevant requirements outlined in sections 5.2.8.2 to 5.2.8.4 Additionally, the chosen saw blade speed must be clearly indicated or visible.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection of the machine and relevant functional testing of the machine
5.2.8.2 Speed changing by changing belts on the pulleys
For machines that adjust band saw speed by altering the belts on the pulleys, the band saw speed indication control system, if installed, must meet a minimum performance level of PL = c, in compliance with established requirements.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection of the machine and relevant functional testing of the machine
5.2.8.3 Speed changing by incremental speed change motor
Machines equipped with an incremental speed change motor, such as a change pole motor, must display the selected speed on the control panel The design of the speed selection should meet at least Performance Level c, in compliance with EN ISO 13849-1:2008 standards.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection of the machine and relevant functional testing of the machine
5.2.8.4 Infinitely variable speed by frequency inverter
Machines equipped with an automatic control device for infinitely variable speed, such as a frequency inverter for the band wheel drive motor, must ensure that the actual speed does not exceed the selected speed by more than 10% Additionally, the selected speed must be clearly indicated before the drive motor starts, and the value should be easily readable for the operator, in accordance with EN 894-2:1997+A1:2008.
The band wheel's actual speed will be continuously monitored against the selected speed If the actual speed surpasses the selected speed by over 10%, the band wheel will automatically stop This automatic stop is classified as a category 0 stop in accordance with EN 60204-1:2006, section 9.2.2.
The safety related part of the control system for monitoring the selected speed shall be at least PL = c in accordance with the requirements of EN ISO 13849-1:2008
For software requirements, see 4.6 of EN ISO 13849-1:2008
See also 4.2.3.4 "safely-limited speed (SLS)” of EN 61800-5-2:2007
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection of the machine and relevant functional testing of the machine.
Control duplication
The EN ISO 12100:2010 standards must be adhered to, ensuring that in band re-saw systems with duplicate controls, only one control can be active at any moment.
Verification : By checking relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection of the machine and relevant functional testing of the machine.
Failure of the power supply
To prevent automatic restart of electrically driven machines after a supply interruption, it is essential to adhere to the requirements outlined in paragraphs 1 to 3 of section 7.5.
The safety related part of the control system to prevent automatic restart shall be designed to achieve at least PL=c in accordance with the requirements of EN ISO 13849-1:2008
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection of the machine and relevant functional testing of the machine.
Protection against mechanical hazards
Stability
Machines shall be stable during operation
Stationary machines that fail the stability test outlined in Annex C must be securely anchored to a stable horizontal structure, such as the floor This can be achieved through designated fixing holes in the machine frame, as referenced in section 6.3, list entry f).
Displaceable machines equipped with wheels must include mechanisms to ensure stability during cutting operations These mechanisms can include wheel brakes, a combination of wheels and stabilizers, or a device that retracts the wheels off the ground.
The band wheels shall be individually balanced in accordance with G.6.3 of ISO 1940-1:1986
Verification: By checking relevant drawings, measurement, inspection of the machine, and relevant functional testing of the machine For machine stability, the test in Annex C applies.
Risk of break-up during operation
Guards attached to the mainframe of the machine must be made from a material that meets or exceeds the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and thickness requirements specified in Table 4 However, the inner face of the adjustable guard on a table band saw can be constructed from spring steel with a UTS of 1,500 N/mm² and a minimum thickness of 0.5 mm.
Table 4 — Materials for guard manufacture
Band wheel diameter Steel of UTS
180 N mm -2 Polycarbonate Cast iron of UTS
[mm] Minimum material thickness [mm]
For other material and/or dimensions, the test in Annex D shall be performed and passed
NOTE For the ultimate tensile strength a confirmation from the manufacturer of the material can be useful
Machines designed for tensioned saw blades must include cleaning devices, such as brushes or scrapers, to maintain the cleanliness of the saw blade and band wheels during operation If these cleaning devices require manual adjustment, they should be adjustable without the use of tools.
Verification : By checking relevant drawings, visual inspection of the machine and relevant functional testing of the machine
Figure 7 — Blade and wheel cleaning 5.3.2.3 Lubrication
Band re-saws must be equipped with a system that applies anti-adherent fluid to the saw blade and/or band wheels during operation The reservoir for this fluid should be sufficiently sized to ensure continuous operation for at least four hours, accommodating the required lubrication flow rate.
Verification: By checking relevant drawings, calculation, visual inspection of the machine and relevant functional testing of the machine
3 saw cleaning device in open position
Saw blade holder and saw blade design
5.3.3.1 Saw blade straining and tracking
Means shall be provided to adjust the strain of the saw blade Indication of the strain shall be provided (see also Figure 9 and 6.2, list entry g)
A compensation device shall be provided to maintain the strain in the saw blade during normal operation (see Figure 9)
To ensure proper tracking of the saw blade, a mechanism for tilting one band wheel must be included (refer to Figure 10) For machines with a band wheel diameter of 900 mm or less, this adjustment should be achievable without the need for tools.
For tracking which allows un-braked run-down, see 5.2.6
The machine must be monitored while powered on with all safety guards in place or during an un-braked run-down It is essential to implement a system for verifying the position of the saw blade, such as using visible marks.
The position and size of openings shall conform to Tables 2 and 5 of EN ISO 13857:2008
Verification: By checking relevant drawings, inspection of the machine, measurement and relevant functional testing of saw strain indicator
Figure 9 — Example of blade straining system, marking and indication
Figure 10 — Blade tracking 5.3.3.2 Saw blade guides
Machines shall be equipped with saw blade guides, which shall conform to the requirements set out in Table 5
Machine design Saw blade guide types Required saw blade guide
Adjustable saw blade guides Roller Cheek Pressure position
Vertical saw blade - band wheel diameter
≤ 315 mm X X (at least) above workpiece Upper
Vertical saw blade - band wheel Non-tensioned X X Above and below Upper diameter
Horizontal Non-tensioned X X Both sides of
Cheek guides must include one adjustable set, as specified in Table 5, allowing it to be moved towards the workpiece or work support level and securely fixed in place (refer to Figure 11 b).
For machines using un-tensioned saw blades, it is essential to install a rear guide (thrust wheel) above the workpiece to ensure the saw blade remains properly positioned during the sawing process.
NOTE Cheek and roller guides can be combined when both are allowed; cheek and pressure cannot be so
Verification: By checking relevant drawings, inspection of the machine and relevant functional testing of the machine a) Pressure guides b) Cheek guides
Figure 11 — Saw guides - Tensioned blades
Figure 12 — Un-tensioned blade - Rear guide (thrust wheel)
Braking
All band saw drive wheels must be equipped with an automatic brake, either electrically or mechanically operated, if the un-braked run-down time exceeds 10 seconds The braked run-down time should not exceed 10 seconds; however, if the run-up time is longer than 10 seconds, the braked run-down time must be less than the run-up time but cannot exceed 30 seconds.
The braking torque shall not overcharge the saw blade and in any case shall not be applied directly to the saw blade
Residual risks associated with a broken band saw blade, drive belt (if applicable), and upper free wheel operation are detailed in section 6.3 Additionally, section 6.3 addresses the residual risk stemming from insufficient braking during a power supply failure.
At least PL = c for the braking function shall be achieved
Where a spring operated mechanical brake is fitted the last paragraph of 9.3.4 of EN 60204-1:2006 does not apply
For electrical braking systems, reverse current injection braking shall not be used
In cases where an electrical braking system with electronic components is utilized, the braking control system must meet a minimum requirement of Performance Level (PL) = b and be designed according to Category 2 standards.
The test rate requirement in section 4.5.4 of EN ISO 13849-1:2008 is not applicable; however, the safety-related part of the control circuit for braking must be tested periodically This can be achieved by monitoring the braked run-down time, with feedback obtained from either the encoder attached to the wheel drive motor or by measuring the residual current in the motor's power wires.
1) be independent from the basic control system for braking or an internal watch-dog shall be provided in the control system for braking;
2) be independent from the intention of the operator;
3) be performed at each wheel stop
Where the test result is negative more than three times in succession, it shall not be possible to operate the machine A negative test result shall be indicated
The diagnostic coverage (DCavg) shall be ≥ 60%
See EN ISO 13849-1:2008, Annex E for DC estimation
A simple electronic brake, utilizing basic electronic components such as rectifiers, transistors, triacs, diodes, resistors, and thyristors, can be classified as PL = b and designed in category 1, adhering to the specified requirements.
EN ISO 13849-1:2008 if the “mean time to a dangerous failure” (MTTFd) according to Table 5 of EN ISO 13849-1:2008 reaches a value of “high” (at least 30 years)
NOTE Complex electronic components like e.g microprocessors or PLCs cannot be considered as well tried under the scope of EN ISO 13849-1:2008 and do therefore not fulfil the requirements of category 1
To calculate the probability of a dangerous failure for a simple electronic brake component without fault detection and testing capability (category 1), refer to the procedure outlined in Annex D.
EN ISO 13849-1:2008 can be used
Verification involves reviewing the relevant drawings and circuit diagrams, inspecting the machine, and conducting functional tests To determine the run-up time and both braked and un-braked run-down times, refer to the appropriate tests outlined in Annex E.
The band saw drive wheel brake can only be released for manual rotation once the drive wheel(s) have completely stopped This release mechanism is designed to ensure safety, incorporating a time delay as specified in section 5.2.1.2, list entry b, between the actuation of the control and the actual brake release.
The machine cannot be started until the drive band wheel brake control has been reset, and resetting the brake control does not trigger the machine's start-up.
The safety related part of the control system for brake release shall be at least PL = c in accordance with the requirements of EN 13849-1:2008
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection of the machine and relevant functional testing of the machine.
Devices to minimise the possibility or the effect of ejection
Workpiece supports and guides
The minimum table size must comply with the specifications outlined in Figure 13 and Table 6, unless the machines are specifically designed for cross-cutting round or irregularly shaped pieces.
The table's opening for the saw blade must include a replaceable insert, which can be made from wood, plastic, or light alloy, as illustrated in Figure 14 Additionally, a mechanical stop is necessary to ensure that the insert does not sink into the table.
The table tilt shall be restricted to a maximum of 45° on both sides
Verification: By checking relevant drawings, inspection of the machine and measurement
5.3.6.2 Table band saw fence (workpiece guide)
Table band saws must be equipped with a tool-free adjustable and lockable fence, except for machines specifically designed for cross-cutting round or irregularly shaped pieces.
On machines with tilting tables, the machine shall be fitted with means for mounting the fence on either side of the saw blade
The fence dimensions shall be in accordance with Figure 13 and Table 6
For shallow cuts on flat workpieces such as boards and panels, it is essential to use an auxiliary fence or a double position fence Additionally, users should have the option to securely attach a custom wooden device to the fence, with a height ranging from 5 mm to 15 mm, positioned close to the workpiece.
The adjustable guard can be lowered to the upper surface of the workpiece for any fence position and all workpiece dimensions outlined in the instruction handbook.
Verification: By checking relevant drawings, inspection of the machine and measurement
Table 6 Minimum table and fence dimensions
Figure 13 — Minimum table size - Height and length of the fence
Figure 14 — Example of table insert 5.3.6.3 Support for cross-cutting round or irregular shaped workpieces
Table band saws intended for cross-cutting round or irregularly shaped materials, such as firewood, must include a feeding device to support and guide the workpieces during the cutting process This device can be a moving table with a fence for proper workpiece placement or a specially shaped attachment with a fence that can be added to the standard table.
The movement of the table shall not expose the saw blade below the table or below the cutting area
be capable of being locked in the loading position;
be designed such that the workpiece is capable of being fixed or clamped during cutting, e.g by spikes, overhead clamp, jig or holder;
have a width on the side of the saw blade opposed to the machine frame minimum equal to 500 mm (see Figure 15);
have at least a length half the maximum length of the workpieces for which the machine is designed
The maximum stroke of the feeding device shall be equal to the dimension of the maximum cutting height capacity of the saw blade plus 20 mm (see Figure 16)
After cutting, the feeding device must automatically return to the loading position without any contact between the workpiece or feeding device and the back of the saw blade, achieved through an offset return stroke mechanism.
A feeding device that lacks an offset return stroke is suitable if it features an ergonomic clamping mechanism This design ensures that the workpiece remains stable during and after the cutting process, effectively preventing any perpendicular movement against the saw blade.
The clamping device must be interlocked with both the cutting and back strokes, ensuring that the workpiece remains securely clamped during these operations Additionally, the clamping device should only release when the feeding device is in its loading position.
Verification: By checking relevant drawings, inspection of the machine, measurement and relevant functional testing of the machine
1 view in direction of A (top view)
Figure 15 — Guarding the cutting area - Cross cutting workpiece
A maximum cutting height capacity for which the machine is designed
Figure 16 — Cross-cutting workpieces - Maximum stroke 5.3.6.4 Workpiece support on band re-saws
Band re-saws must include workpiece supports on both the infeed and outfeed sides, with a length that is at least half of the maximum workpiece length the machine is designed to handle Additionally, the width of the workpiece support should be no less than the maximum workpiece width for which the machine is intended Acceptable forms of support can include flat tables, roller tables, or belt conveyors.
Verification: By checking relevant drawings, inspection of the machine, measurement and relevant functional testing of the machine
5.3.6.5 Workpiece guiding system on band re-saws
Band re-saws must include a workpiece guiding system on the infeed side, such as a fence or rollers This guiding system should have a height of at least 60% of the maximum height of the workpieces intended for the machine Additionally, the design must ensure that the workpiece remains in contact with both the support and guiding elements, utilizing pressure or feed rollers or an inclined design, while avoiding closure of the saw kerf.
Verification: By checking relevant drawings, inspection of the machine, measurement and relevant functional testing of the machine
5.3.6.6 Power operated workpiece feed on band re-saws
Band re-saws shall be provided with a power operated workpiece feed, e.g feed rollers, sliding table, chain
Verification: By checking relevant drawings, inspection of the machine, measurement and relevant functional testing of the machine.
Prevention of access to moving parts
5.3.7.1 Safeguarding of table band saws
Fixed guards that require user maintenance must have securing systems that remain attached to either the guard or the machine when the guard is removed, such as un-losable screws (see 6.3, list entry dd).
According to EN ISO 13857:2008, access to the saw blade or any hazardous area through dust extraction outlets must be restricted when the exhaust system is not connected.
Verification: By checking relevant drawings, inspection of the machine, measurement and relevant functional testing of the machine
5.3.7.1.2 Guarding of the non-cutting area on table band saws
To ensure safety, fixed and interlocked movable guards must prevent access to the top and bottom band wheels of the machine, as well as the entire saw blade in the non-cutting area (refer to Figure 1).
Where the run-down time of the band saw blade exceeds 10 s interlocking with guard locking is required in accordance with Annex M of EN 1088:1995+A2:2008
The safety aspect of control systems for interlocking and guard locking must achieve a minimum Performance Level (PL) of c, in compliance with EN ISO 13849-1:2008 standards.
Machines equipped with tilting tables or heads must have a fixed guard to prevent access to the saw blade area between the table and the lower band wheel guard at all tilt angles.
Such fixed guard may contain movable elements connected to each other
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings, inspection of the machine, measurement and relevant functional testing of the machine
Figure 17 — Guarding below the table 5.3.7.1.3 Guarding of the cutting area on table band saws
Table band saws and cross-cutting band saws for round or irregular workpieces must be equipped with an adjustable guard that prevents access to the cutting area of the saw blade This guard should be designed to remain attached to the machine during blade changes, ensuring safety and convenience.
The adjustable guard must be securely attached to the top saw blade guide and designed to fully enclose the saw blade on all four sides, as illustrated in Figure 18.
Adjustments for the adjustable guard shall be either self-locking or capable of being locked in position
The guard shall have sufficient adjustment to enable movement down to the table
Uncontrolled vertical movement of the guard caused by gravity shall be limited to 30 mm s -1
Machines intended for cross-cutting round or irregularly shaped workpieces must have a protective device for the exposed part of the saw blade during loading This device, which can be attached to the moving table or feeding device, should comply with the distance requirements outlined in top view 1 of Figure 15 It is essential that the deterring/impeding device allows for the operation of the adjustable guard, maintaining a maximum vertical distance of 10 mm between the device and the guard, as illustrated in Figure 15.
Verification: By checking relevant drawings, inspection of the machine, measurement and relevant functional testing of the machine
Figure 18 — Adjustable guard - Table band saw 5.3.7.1.4 Demountable power feed
Where a demountable power feed unit is fitted to a table band saw (see Figure 19), the requirements of 5.2.3, 5.2.4 and 5.2.5 shall be fulfilled
Verification: By checking relevant drawings, inspection of the machine and relevant functional testing of the machine
Figure 19 — Table band saw with demountable power feed unit 5.3.7.2 Safeguarding of band re-saws
5.3.7.2.1 Guarding of the non-cutting area of band re-saws
Access to the non-cutting area of band re-saws shall be prevented in accordance with the requirements of 5.3.7.1.2
For band re-saws with the lower band wheel positioned partially or entirely below the floor level, the fixed guard may include components of the building or floor, as long as this solution is clearly outlined in the instruction manual Additionally, if movable guards are required to be attached to building or floor elements, they must be equipped with an interlocking system, and installation instructions should be provided.
Verification: By checking the instruction manual, the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection of the machine and relevant functional testing of the machine
5.3.7.2.2 Guarding of the cutting area of band re-saws
To ensure safety during operation, band re-saws must be equipped with an adjustable guard that prevents access to the saw blade's cutting area This guard should enclose the blade on at least three sides, including the cutting edge and two additional sides, and must be adjustable to cover at least the upper part of the integrated feed.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection of the machine, measurement and relevant functional testing of the machine
5.3.7.2.3 Feed rollers on band re-saws and on table band saw with demountable power feed
Access to the feed rollers shall be impeded by a guard designed according to: b) the dimensions shown in Figure 20, with an additional trip device in accordance with the requirements in
According to EN 1760-2:2001+A1:2009, the control system for the trip device and interlocking with feed rollers must meet at least PL = c requirements The trip device should be positioned in front of and above the feed rollers to effectively halt their movement It must span the entire width of the infeed opening, maintain a minimum distance of 250 mm in the feed direction from the rollers, and ensure a maximum gap of 400 mm between the largest work-pieces and the guard When activated, the work-piece should come to a stop with a maximum lag of 100 mm.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection of the machine, measurement and relevant functional testing of the machine
Figure 20 — Feed roller guard - Band re-sawing machine 5.3.7.2.4 Roller tables for band re-saws
To ensure safety at shearing and crushing points between workpieces and roller tables, access must be restricted This can be achieved by either filling the gaps between rollers as specified in Figures 21 and 22 or by implementing a pressure-sensitive device compliant with EN 1760-1:1997+A1:2009 This device should operate over a distance of 1 meter, measured perpendicular to the workpiece support, and must interlock to halt dangerous movements Once activated, the workpiece should stop with a maximum lag of 100 mm Additionally, the control system for the pressure-sensitive device and the interlocking function with feed rollers must meet at least Performance Level c (PL = c) standards.
The EN ISO 13849-1:2008 standard specifies that an active optoelectronic protective device (AOPD) of type 2 must be installed along the entire length of the accessible sections of the table, adhering to CLC/TS 61496-2:2006 requirements This device should be interlocked with any dangerous movements and positioned at least 1 meter horizontally from the nearest drawing-in point of the powered roller table It must feature a minimum of two horizontal beams, one located 400 mm and the other 900 mm above floor level Upon activation, the workpiece must come to a stop with a maximum lag of 100 mm, and the AOPD control system, along with the interlocking function with feed rollers, should achieve at least Performance Level c (PL = c).
Verification: By checking relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection of the machine and relevant functional testing of the machine
Key r roller radius a maximum value: 4 mm b maximum value: the lower between 0.3∙r and 8 mm
Figure 21 — Roller bed for band re-saw
Figure 22 — Table rollers - Maximum clearance
Figure 23 — Band re-saw with trip device to the feed 5.3.7.3 Guarding of drives (band wheels, feed etc.)
Access to the drive mechanism for the driven band wheel and the drive mechanism for the integrated feed shall be prevented either by a fixed guard or a moveable interlocked guard
Fixed guards designed for user removal, such as for maintenance and cleaning, must be equipped with fixing elements that remain attached to either the machine or the guard when it is taken off This includes the use of un-losable screws, as specified in section 6.3, list entry dd.
When the run-down time of the band saw blade exceeds 10 s, guard locking is required designed in accordance with Annex M of EN 1088:1995+A2:2008
The safety aspect of control systems for interlocking and guard locking must achieve a minimum performance level of PL = c, as specified by EN ISO 13849-1:2008.
Verification: By checking relevant drawings and/or circuits diagrams, inspection of the machine, measurement and relevant functional testing of the machine.
Safety appliances for table band saws
A push block handle shall be provided with table band saws, and a facility for storing the push block shall be provided on the infeed side of the machine
Verification: By checking relevant drawings and inspection of the machine.
Protection against non-mechanical hazards
Fire
To minimise fire risk the requirements of 5.4.3 and 5.4.4 shall be met
Also see 5.3.6.1 for avoiding sparks as result of contact between the band saw blade and the machine table slot lining
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings, inspection of the machine and relevant functional testing of the machine.
Noise
5.4.2.1 Noise reduction at the design stage
When designing machinery the information and technical measures to control noise at source given in
When considering noise control measures, it is essential to reference EN ISO 11688-1:2009, along with the supplementary information provided in EN ISO 11688-2:2000 The primary source of noise in this context is the rotating band saw blade.
5.4.2.2.1 Noise emission measurement for table band saws (except band saws designed for building site use) and band re-saws
The operating conditions for noise measurement shall comply with Annex J of ISO 7960:1995 and Annex B
Mounting and operating conditions of the machine shall be identical for the determination of emission sound pressure levels at the work station and sound power levels
The emission sound power levels of table band saws and re-saws must be measured following the enveloping surface method outlined in EN ISO 3746:2010, with specific modifications These include ensuring the environmental indicator K 2A is 4 dB or lower, maintaining a minimum difference of 6 dB between the background and machine sound pressure levels at each measurement point, and applying the correction formula from EN ISO 3746:2010 Measurements should be taken at a parallelepiped surface 1 m from the reference surface, and if the distance to an auxiliary unit is less than 2 m, it must be included in the reference surface The testing method's accuracy should exceed 3 dB, and nine microphone positions are required as per Annex J of ISO 7960:1995.
Alternatively, where the facilities exist and the measurement method applies to the machine type, emission sound power levels may also be measured in accordance with a method with higher precision i.e
EN ISO 3743-1:2010, EN ISO 3743-2:2009, EN ISO 3744:2010 and EN ISO 3745:2012 without the preceding modifications
Emission sound pressure levels at the workstation shall be measured in accordance with EN ISO 11202:2010 with the following modifications:
1) the environmental indicator K 2A and local environmental factor K 3A shall be equal to or less than 4 dB;
2) the difference between the background emission sound pressure level and the workstation sound pressure level shall be equal to or greater than 6 dB in accordance with EN ISO 11202:2010, 6.4.1, accuracy grade 2 (engineering);
3) the correction of the local environmental factor K 3A shall be calculated in accordance with A.2 of
EN ISO 11204:2010 with reference restricted to EN ISO 3746:2010 instead of the method given in Annex A of EN ISO 11202:2010 or in accordance with EN ISO 3743-1:2010, EN ISO 3743-2:2009,
EN ISO 3744:2010 or EN ISO 3745:2012 where one of these standards has been used as the measuring method
For noise declaration, 6.3, list entry y) shall be met
5.4.2.2.2 Noise emission measurement for table band saws designed to be used on building sites
The emission sound power levels of building site band saws must be measured according to the basic noise emission standard EN ISO 3744:2010, with operating conditions adhering to J 2 b) in Annex J of ISO 7960:1995 Measurements should follow the guidelines for measurement surface, microphone positions, and measuring distance as specified in Annex J of ISO 7960:1995 The surface sound pressure level must be determined at least three times, and if at least two values differ by no more than 1 dB, no further measurements are required If not, measurements should continue until two values within 1 dB are achieved The A-weighted surface sound pressure level used for calculating the sound power level is the arithmetic mean of the two highest values that meet the 1 dB criterion.
Emission sound pressure levels at the workstation shall be measured in accordance with EN ISO 11202:2010 with the following modifications:
1) environmental indicator K 2A and local environmental factor K 3A shall be equal to or less than 4 dB;
2) difference between the background emission sound pressure level and the workstation sound pressure level shall be equal to or greater than 6 dB in accordance with 6.4.1 of EN ISO 11202:2010 accuracy grade 2 (engineering);
3) correction of the local environmental factor K 3A shall be calculated in accordance with A.2 of
EN ISO 11204:2010 with reference restricted to EN ISO 3746:2010 instead of the method given in Annex A of EN ISO 11202:2010 or in accordance with EN ISO 3743-1:2010, EN ISO 3743-2:2009,
EN ISO 3744:2010 or EN ISO 3745:2012 where one of these standards has been used as the measuring method
For noise declaration, 6.3, list entry z) shall be met.
Emission of chips and dust
The saw blade section beneath the table must be covered by an exhaust hood equipped with an extraction outlet, with the exception of band saws intended solely for outdoor use, such as those used on construction sites.
Band saws for cross-cutting round or irregular shaped workpieces designed for outdoor use only do not need provision for extraction outlet connection
For prevention of the access to dangerous area through any dust extraction outlet, see 5.3.7.1
When the opening of the capture device can not face the projection, the flow of chips and dust shall be guided efficiently to the opening of the capture device
The opening of the capture device shall be large enough to capture the chips and dust projected
NOTE 1 The size of the opening of the capture device depends on the emission pattern and the distance between the emission source and the opening of the capture device
The capture device must be engineered to reduce pressure drop and prevent material accumulation by avoiding sudden changes in the direction of extracted chips and dust, as well as sharp angles and obstacles that could lead to the trapping of chips and dust.
To minimize pressure drop and material buildup, the transfer of chips and dust between the capture device and the machine connected to the CADES (chip and dust extraction system) must adhere to specific requirements, particularly regarding the flexible connections of moving units.
To effectively transport chips and dust from the source to the collection system, the design of hoods, ducts, and baffles must be optimized for the conveying velocity of the extracted air within the duct.
20 m s -1 for dry chips and 28 m s -1 for wet chips (moisture content 18 % or above)
The pressure drop between the inlet of all capture devices and the connection to the CADES should be maximum 1 500 Pa (for the nominal air flow rate)
NOTE 2 A low dust emission can be expected if the following features shown in Table 7 are ensured
Table 7 — Low dust emission design
Wheel Diameter [mm] Minimum airflow [m³/h]
Measure the pressure drop at the chosen air flow rate by measurement under the conditions given for noise measurement in the relevant C-standard or ISO 7960;
To measure noise levels according to the relevant C-standard or ISO 7960, operate the machine without processing a workpiece and ensure the CADES is disconnected Verify that the machine generates an airflow from the capture device's inlet(s) to the connection outlet(s) to the CADES, using smoke as a visual indicator at the outlet(s).
NOTE 3 For measurement of chip and dust extraction system performance two standardised methods are useful: concentration method (EN 1093-9:1998+A1:2008) and index method (EN 1093-11:2001+A1:2008)
Electricity
The requirements of EN 60204-1:2006 with the exception of 6.3 apply unless stated otherwise in this document
See 6.2 of EN 60204-1:2006 for the prevention of electric shock due to direct contacts and Clause 7 of
EN 60204-1:2006 for protection against short circuits and overloading
To safeguard individuals from electrical shock caused by indirect contacts, it is essential to implement automatic isolation of the machine's electrical power supply This can be achieved through the activation of a protective device installed by the user in the power line of the machine, as detailed in the manufacturer's instruction handbook (section 6.3, list entry ee).
Electrical components and their enclosures must meet a minimum protection rating of IP 54, as specified by EN 60529:1991 standards.
To comply with EN 60204-1:2006, it is essential to meet the following requirements: Clause 7 addresses the protection of equipment, Clause 8 focuses on equipotential bonding, Clause 12 pertains to conductors and cables, Clause 13 outlines wiring practices, and Clause 14 covers electrical motors and associated equipment.
Electrical enclosures must be safeguarded against the ejection of tools and workpieces, ensuring that live parts remain inaccessible as per section 6.2.2 of EN 60204-1:2006 Additionally, the risk of fire is mitigated when power circuits are protected against overcurrent, in accordance with section 7.2.2 of the same standard.
The power supply cord of displaceable machines shall be at least of type H0 7 in accordance with the requirements of HD 22.4 S4:2004
In accordance with 18.2 and 18.6 of EN 60204-1:2006, the test 1 for the continuity of the protective bonding circuit and functional tests applies
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection of the machine and relevant tests (specified in Test 1 of 18.2 and 18.6 of EN 60204-1:2006)
NOTE For electrical components characteristics the information from the electrical component supplier can be useful.
Ergonomics and handling
The requirements of EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009 shall apply and in addition:
The machine and its controls shall be designed according to ergonomic principles in accordance with
EN 1005-4:2005+A1:2008 for work posture which is not fatiguing
The positioning, marking and illumination (if necessary) of control devices, and facilities for materials and machine handling shall be in accordance with ergonomic principles in accordance with
Tanks containing compressed air drainers and oilers shall be placed or oriented in such a way that the filler and drain pipes can be easily reached
The height of the machine table or workpiece support above floor / access level shall be ≥ 850 mm and
The holders for the safety appliances required in 5.3.8 shall be positioned so that the operator can reach the safety appliances from the normal working position
If the machine is fitted with a movable control panel, this panel shall be fitted with a facility to move it in the desired position
If graphical symbols related to the operation of actuators are used, they shall be in accordance with Table A.1 of EN 61310-1:2008
NOTE Further guidance is given in EN 60204-1:2006, EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009 and EN 614-2:2000+A1:2008
See also 5.2.2 for position of controls, 6.3, EN 894-3:2000+A1:2008 and EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings, inspection of the machine, measurement and relevant functional testing of the machine.
Pneumatics
For machines fitted with pneumatic devices (e.g workpiece clamping), the requirements of EN ISO 4414:2010 shall apply
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings, and inspection of machine.
Hydraulics
For machines fitted with a hydraulic device, the requirements of EN ISO 4413:2010 shall apply
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings, and inspection of machine.
Vibration
The requirements of 5.3.1 for balance of rotating masses apply
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings.
Electromagnetic compatibility
The machine shall have sufficient immunity to electromagnetic disturbances to enable it to operate correctly in accordance with EN 60439-1:1999, EN 50370-1:2005 and EN 50370-2:2003
Machines that use CE-marked electrical components, when installed according to the manufacturers' guidelines, are typically safeguarded against external electromagnetic interference.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams and inspection of the machine.
Laser
If the machine is fitted with a laser to indicate the cutting line, the laser shall be of category 2, 2M or a lower risk category in accordance with the requirements of EN 60825-1:2007
The laser shall be fitted to the machine so that warnings on the laser itself remain visible
All guidelines from the laser manufacturer regarding installation and usage must be adhered to The laser's operating instructions should be clearly reiterated in the instruction manual, accompanied by appropriate warning labels.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and inspection of the machine
NOTE For the laser characteristics the information from the manufacturer of the laser can be useful.
Static electricity
If the machine is fitted with flexible hoses for chip and dust extraction, the hoses shall be able to lead charge to earth potential
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and inspection of the machine.
Supply disconnection (Isolation)
9.2 Restoration of energy supply after an interruption 6.2.11.4 5.2.9, 5.4.6,
9.3 External influences on electrical equipment 6.2.11.11 5.4.9
9.6 Errors made by the operator (due to mismatch of machinery with human characteristics and abilities, see 8.6)
10 Impossibility of stopping the machine in the best possible conditions 6.2.11.1, 6.2.11.3,
11 Variations in the rotational speed of tools 6.2.2.2, 6.2.3 5.2.8
12 Failure of the power supply 6.2.11.1, 6.2.11.4 5.2.10
13 Failure of the control circuit 6.2.11, 6.3.5.4 5.2.11
16 Falling or ejected objects or fluids 6.2.3, 6.2.10 5.3.2, 5.3.3,
17 Loss of stability / overturning of machinery 6.3.2.6 5.3.1, Annex C
5 Safety requirements and/or measures
The machine shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of Clause 5
The machine must be designed in accordance with EN ISO 12100:2010 principles to address relevant but not significant hazards, such as sharp edges on the machine frame, which are not covered by this document.
For guidance in connection with risk reduction by design, see 6.2 of EN ISO 12100:2010, and for safeguarding measures, see 6.3 of EN ISO 12100:2010
5.2.1 Safety and reliability of control systems
In this document, the term "safety-related part of a control system" refers to the components from the initial device, such as an actuator, position detector, or sensor, to the power control element of the final machine actuator, like a motor or brake The safety-related parts of the control system must address specific functions and meet at least the performance level (PL) requirements outlined in the relevant clauses of EN ISO 13849-1:2008.
Starting and restarting: PL = c (see 5.2.3);
normal stopping: PL = c (see 5.2.4.1 and 5.2.4.2);
emergency stopping (if required): PL = c (see 5.2.5);
stopping powered feed rollers: PL = c (see 5.2.4.1 and 5.2.5);
speed changing by belt position: PL = c (see 5.2.8);
interlocking with guard locking: PL = c (see 5.3.7.1.2, 5.3.7.2, 5.3.7.3);
mode selection (if required): PL = c (see 5.2.7);
trip devices (where fitted): PL = c (see 5.3.7.2);
braking function: PL = c or PL = b (see 5.3.4.1);
pressure sensitive devices (where fitted): PL = c (see 5.3.7.2.4);
opto-electronic devices (where fitted): PL = c (see 5.3.7.2.4)
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams and inspection of the machine
Protective devices must comply with specific standards The following requirements apply to the listed devices: magnetic and proximity switches must meet the criteria outlined in section 6.2.
The EN 1088:1995+A2:2008 standard and its associated control system must meet a minimum Performance Level (PL) of c, as specified by EN ISO 13849-1:2008 Additionally, if a time delay is implemented, it must either utilize a failsafe technique or comply with the requirements for at least PL = c according to EN ISO 13849-1:2008.
See also 5.4.9 for the EMC requirements on the complete machine
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection of the machine, measurement and relevant functional testing of the machine
NOTE For the components characteristics a confirmation from the components' manufacturers can be useful
Table band saws must have all control devices, including the emergency stop, located on the infeed side, positioned between 600 mm and 1,800 mm above the floor, and either mounted on a fixed part of the machine, a movable control panel, or a free-standing control console.
Verification : By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, measurement, visual inspection of the machine and relevant functional testing of the machine
For re-saws, all operational control devices, excluding the emergency stop, must be located as specified in section 5.2.2.1 Additionally, an emergency stop control should be accessible at both the infeed and outfeed positions, as well as on any fixed or movable control panel.
Verification : By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, measurement, visual inspection of the machine and relevant functional testing of the machine
Before operating or reactivating the machine, ensure that all interlocked guards are properly installed and operational, as specified in section 5.3.7 The functionality of these guards is ensured through the interlocking systems outlined in the same section For guidelines regarding non-interlocked guards prior to starting the machine, refer to section 6.3, specifically list entry d), sub-entry 6).
Start or restart shall only be possible by actuation of the start control device provided for that purpose
For electrically operated machines the requirements of 9.2.5.2 of EN 60204-1:2006 apply but the exceptions described in 9.2.5.2 of EN 60204-1:2006 are not relevant
The integrated feed or demountable power-feed unit must not be able to start until the band saw is operational and has achieved its designated cutting speed, particularly if the design run-up time exceeds 10 seconds.
The safety components of control systems for starting and interlocking arrangements must meet a minimum Performance Level (PL) of c, as specified in EN ISO 13849-1:2008 Additionally, the closure of movable interlocked guards must not trigger an automatic restart of hazardous movements.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection of the machine and relevant functional testing of the machine
The machine must be equipped with a stop control that allows for the cessation of operation for both the machine and any attached demountable power feed unit This stopping mechanism will ensure that all actuators, except for those involved in workpiece clamping, are disconnected from the energy supply, except for Power Drive Systems (PDS) as specified in EN 61800-5-2:2007.
For normal stopping of PDS(SR) (power drive system, safety related), see 4.2.2.2, "safe torque off (STO)” and 4.2.2.3, “safe stop 1 (SS1)” of EN 61800-5-2:2007
The machine shall stop directly from each speed
If the machine is fitted with a spring operated mechanical brake this stop control shall be of category 0 in accordance with the requirements of 9.2.2 of EN 60204-1:2006
If the machine is fitted with any other type of brake e.g electrical brake this stop control shall be of category 1 in accordance with the requirements of 9.2.2 of EN 60204-1:2006
In the case of a category 1 stop control, the stopping sequence must begin with cutting power to all machine actuators and any sockets, except for workpiece clamping if applicable, followed by activating the brake(s) After the driven band saw wheel has come to a complete stop, power to the brake(s) should be cut, which can be achieved using a time delay as specified in section 5.2.1.2, list entry b).
When utilizing a time delay device, it must adhere to the specifications outlined in 5.2.1.2, specifically list entry b), and should be set to a duration that is at least equal to the maximum run-down time The time delay can either be fixed or equipped with a sealed adjustment mechanism.
The safety related part of the control systems (see also 5.2.1) for normal stopping shall be at least PL = c in accordance with the requirements of EN ISO 13849-1:2008
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection of the machine and relevant functional testing of the machine
The requirements of EN ISO 13850:2008 apply and in addition:
Machines equipped with multiple actuators or designed for a removable power feed unit must include an emergency stop control that disconnects power to all actuators, except for workpiece clamping This control must adhere to the standards outlined in sections 9.2.5.4.2 and 10.7 of EN 60204-1:2006 Additionally, the emergency stop device should be of a self-latching type at all times.
The emergency stop control (if fitted) shall be located in accordance with 5.2.2
For emergency stop of PDS(SR), see 4.2.2.2, "safe torque off (STO)” and 4.2.2.3, “safe stop 1 (SS1)” of
If the machine is fitted with a spring actuated mechanical brake this stop control shall be of category 0 in accordance with the requirements of 9.2.2 of EN 60204-1:2006
If the machine is fitted with any other type of brake e.g electrical brake this stop control shall be of category 1 in accordance with the requirements of 9.2.2 of EN 60204-1:2006
Dangerous movements caused by gravity, pressure, etc shall be avoided, e.g by automatic mechanical blocking or clamping devices
In the case of a category 1 stop control, the stopping sequence must begin with cutting power to all machine actuators and any sockets, except for workpiece clamping if present, followed by activating the brake After the driven band saw wheel has come to a complete stop, power to the brake should be cut, particularly if an electrical brake is installed, utilizing a time delay as specified in section 5.2.1.2, list entry b).
When utilizing a time delay device, it is essential that the time delay is set to a minimum of the maximum run-down time The time delay can either be fixed or, if adjustable, must be sealed to ensure compliance.
The safety related part of the control systems (see also 5.2.1) for the emergency stop shall be at least PL = c in accordance with the requirements of EN ISO 13849-1:2008
Verification: By checking relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection of the machine and relevant functional testing of the machine
The possibility of blade tracking shall be provided, e.g by a means for adjusting inclination of one of the band wheels (see also 5.3.3.1) Tracking can be made:
Maintenance
The basic principles of 6.2.15 of EN ISO 12100:2010 shall be observed and in addition at least the information for maintenance listed in 6.4.5.1, list entry e) of EN ISO 12100:2010 shall be provided
Where lubrication points are provided they shall be located outside of the band saw blade guarding and easily accessible by the operator when standing on the floor
Residual pneumatic energy must be stored in a reservoir or pipe, and it is essential to have a mechanism for safely dumping residual pressure, such as a valve It is important to note that pressure should not be released by disconnecting a pipe.
To prevent hazardous movement of machine components due to residual pneumatic pressure, it is essential to maintain pressure within the system Additionally, the release of this residual pressure should only occur through a voluntary action using a separate control mechanism.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings, instruction handbook, inspection of the machine and relevant functional testing of the machine