This British Standard, havingbeen prepared under the direction of the Sector Committee for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee an
Trang 1Part 1: General design rules
Licensed Copy: Đạt Shuu
Trang 2This British Standard, having
been prepared under the
direction of the Sector
Committee for Building and Civil
Engineering, was published under
the authority of the Standards
Committee and comes into effect
on 15 October 2000
BSI 10-2000
ISBN 0 580 36540 9
BS EN 1337-1:2000
Amendments issued since publication
National foreword
This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 1337-1:2000.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical CommitteeB/522, Structural bearings, which has the responsibility to:
Ð aid enquirers to understand the text;
Ð present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on theinterpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed;
Ð monitor related international and European developments and promulgatethem in the UK
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request toits secretary
Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European publicationsreferred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under thesection entitled ªInternational Standards Correspondence Indexº, or by using theªFindº facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
Trang 37KLV(XURSHDQ6WDQGDUGH[LVWVLQWKUHHRIILFLDOYHUVLRQV(QJOLVK)UHQFK*HUPDQ $YHUVLRQLQDQ\RWKHUODQJXDJHPDGHE\WUDQVODWLRQ XQGHUWKHUHVSRQVLELOLW\RID&(1PHPEHULQWRLWVRZQODQJXDJHDQGQRWLILHGWRWKH&HQWUDO6HFUHWDULDWKDVWKHVDPHVWDWXVDVWKHRIILFLDO YHUVLRQV
&(1PHPEHUVDUHWKHQDWLRQDOVWDQGDUGVERGLHVRI$XVWULD%HOJLXP&]HFK5HSXEOLF'HQPDUN)LQODQG)UDQFH*HUPDQ\*UHHFH ,FHODQG,UHODQG,WDO\/X[HPERXUJ1HWKHUODQGV1RUZD\3RUWXJDO6SDLQ6ZHGHQ6ZLW]HUODQGDQG8QLWHG.LQJGRP
(8523($1 &200,77(( )25 67$1'$5',=$7,21
& 2 0 , 7 e ( 8 5 2 3 e ( 1 ' ( 1 2 5 0 $ / , 6 $ 7 , 2 1 ( 8 5 2 3 b , 6 & + ( 6 2 0 , 7 ( ( ) h 5 1 2 5 0 8 1 *
Trang 5)RUHZRUG
7KLV(XURSHDQ6WDQGDUGKDVEHHQSUHSDUHGE\7HFKQLFDO&RPPLWWHH&(17&6WUXFWXUDOEHDULQJVWKHVHFUHWDULDWRIZKLFKLVKHOGE\81,
Licensed Copy: Đạt Shuu
Trang 66HHSU(1WRSU(1IRULQIRUPDWLRQUHODWLQJWREHDULQJVIRUZKLFKVSHFLILFDWLRQVDUHODLGGRZQIRUFHUWDLQUDQJHVRIWHPSHUDWXUHRQO\
1RUPDWLYHUHIHUHQFHV
7KLV (XURSHDQ 6WDQGDUG LQFRUSRUDWHV E\ GDWHG RU XQGDWHG UHIHUHQFH SURYLVLRQV IURP RWKHU SXEOLFDWLRQV 7KHVH QRUPDWLYHUHIHUHQFHVDUHFLWHGDWWKHDSSURSULDWHSODFHVLQWKHWH[WDQGWKHSXEOLFDWLRQVDUHOLVWHGKHUHDIWHU)RUGDWHGUHIHUHQFHVVXEVHTXHQWDPHQGPHQWV WR RU UHYLVLRQV RI DQ\ RI WKHVH SXEOLFDWLRQV DSSO\ WR WKLV (XURSHDQ 6WDQGDUG RQO\ ZKHQ LQFRUSRUDWHG LQ LW E\DPHQGPHQWRUUHYLVLRQ)RUXQGDWHGUHIHUHQFHVWKHODWHVWHGLWLRQRIWKHSXEOLFDWLRQUHIHUUHGWRDSSOLHV
Trang 73DJH(1
Trang 13)LJXUHFRQWLQXHG ([DPSOHVRIWKHPRVWFRPPRQW\SHVRIEHDULQJVOLVWHGLQWDEOH
Licensed Copy: Đạt Shuu
Trang 153DJH(1
Trang 173DJH(1
Trang 19127($VSHFLDOLQIRUPDWLYH$QQH[%LQ(19GHDOVZLWKEHDULQJV
6DIHW\DJDLQVWVOLGLQJLQMRLQWV
:KHUHWKHSRVLWLRQRIDEHDULQJRUSDUWRIDEHDULQJLVPDLQWDLQHGFRPSOHWHO\RUSDUWLDOO\E\IULFWLRQLWVVDIHW\DJDLQVWVOLGLQJVKDOOEHFKHFNHGDWWKHXOWLPDWHOLPLWVWDWHLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWKWKHIROORZLQJ
Licensed Copy: Đạt Shuu
Trang 20,QFUHDVHGPRYHPHQWV
8QOHVVRWKHUSDUWVRIWKLV(XURSHDQ6WDQGDUGRUUHOHYDQW(XURFRGHVKDYHPRUHVWULQJHQWUHTXLUHPHQWVLQRUGHUWRHQVXUHZLWKVXIILFLHQW UHOLDELOLW\ WKDW EHDULQJV GR QRW EHFRPH XQVWDEOH RU FHDVH WR DFW DV LQWHQGHG WKHLU GHVLJQ PRYHPHQWV VKDOO EHLQFUHDVHGE\WKHIROORZLQJ
7KHVH UHTXLUHPHQWV RQO\ DSSO\ IRU WKH GHVLJQ RI PRYHPHQWV FDSDFLWLHV 7KH\ VKDOO QRW EH XVHG ZKHUH VWUHVVHV DUH EHLQJFDOFXODWHG7KH\VKDOOQRWEHDSSOLHGWRHODVWRPHULFEHDULQJV
0LQLPXPPRYHPHQWVWREHDVVXPHGIRUWKHVWUHQJWKDQDO\VLV
)RUWKHVWUHQJWKDQDO\VLVRIWKHEHDULQJWKHUHVXOWDQWURWDWLRQDOPRYHPHQWVKDOOEHWDNHQDVQRWOHVVWKDQUDGLDQVDQGWKHUHVXOWDQWWUDQVODWLRQDOPRYHPHQWDVQRWOHVVWKDQPPRUPPIRUHODVWRPHULFEHDULQJV
Trang 215HDFWLRQWRUROOLQJDQGVOLGLQJRIDVHWRIEHDULQJV
:KHUHDQXPEHURIEHDULQJVDUHVRDUUDQJHGWKDWWKHDGYHUVHIRUFHVUHVXOWLQJIURPUHDFWLRQWRPRYHPHQWE\VRPHDUHSDUWO\
UHOLHYHGE\WKHIRUFHVUHVXOWLQJIURPWKHUHDFWLRQWRPRYHPHQWE\RWKHUVWKHUHVSHFWLYHFRHIILFLHQWVRIIULFWLRQmD DQGmUVKDOOEHHVWLPDWHGLQWKHIROORZLQJPDQQHUXQOHVVDPRUHSUHFLVHLQYHVWLJDWLRQKDVEHHQPDGH
Trang 223URYLVLRQVIRUWUDQVSRUW
$OOEHDULQJVZKLFKDUHPDGHXSRIVHYHUDOFRPSRQHQWVZKLFKDUHQRWULJLGO\IL[HGWRJHWKHUVKDOOEH
WHPSRUDULO\FODPSHGWRJHWKHUDWWKHSODFHRIPDQXIDFWXUH6XFKFODPSVVKDOOEHVXIILFLHQWO\VWURQJWRKROGWKHYDULRXVEHDULQJFRPSRQHQWV LQ WKHLU FRUUHFW SRVLWLRQV GXULQJ KDQGOLQJ WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ DQG LQVWDOODWLRQ 7KH\ VKDOO EH PDUNHG HJ SDLQWHG DGLIIHUHQWFRORXUIURPWKHEHDULQJ7KH\VKDOOEHHDVLO\UHPRYDEOHDIWHULQVWDOODWLRQRUGHVLJQHGWREUHDNRQFHWKHEHDULQJVWDUWVWRIXQFWLRQZLWKRXWGDPDJLQJWKHEHDULQJ
$OO EHDULQJV WKDW DUH WRR KHDY\ WR EH HDVLO\ KDQGOHG PDQXDOO\ VKDOO KDYH SURYLVLRQ IRU WKH ILWWLQJ RI DWWDFKPHQWV IRU
OLIWLQJGHYLFHV
3URYLVLRQVIRULQVSHFWLRQ
:KHUHVSHFLILHGE\WKHSXUFKDVHUEHDULQJVVKDOOEHSURYLGHGZLWKUHIHUHQFHSRLQWVWRHQDEOHKRUL]RQWDOPRYHPHQWDQGURWDWLRQWREHPHDVXUHG
0RYHPHQWLQGLFDWRUVVKDOOKDYHWKHSHUPLVVLEOHH[WUHPHVRIPRYHPHQWPDUNHG
127(:KHUHSRVVLEOHWKHPRYHPHQWLQGLFDWRUVVKRXOGEHSRVLWLRQHGVRWKDWWKH\FDQEHUHDGIURPDUHDGLO\DFFHVVLEOHSRVLWLRQ
3URYLVLRQIRUUHVHWWLQJDQGUHSODFHPHQW
3URYLVLRQVVKDOOEHPDGHWRDOORZDQHDV\UHSODFHPHQWRIEHDULQJVRUSDUWVRIEHDULQJVE\MDFNLQJWKHVWUXFWXUH,WPXVWEHDVVXPHG LQ WKH GHVLJQ RI WKH EHDULQJ WKDW WKH VWUXFWXUH ZLOO QRW EH OLIWHG E\ PRUH WKDQ PP LI QR RWKHU LQIRUPDWLRQ LVDYDLODEOH7KHUHSODFHPHQWSDUWVVKDOOLQHYHU\ZD\EHDWOHDVWHTXDOWRWKHRULJLQDOTXDOLW\RIWKHSDUWVUHSODFHG
Trang 23$QQH[$LQIRUPDWLYH
1RWHVIRUJXLGDQFH
$$GGLWLRQWRFODXVH6FRSH
7KHDUUDQJHPHQWRIEHDULQJVIRUDVWUXFWXUHVKDOOEHFRQVLGHUHGLQFRQMXQFWLRQZLWKWKHGHVLJQRIWKHVWUXFWXUHDVDZKROH7KHEHDULQJIRUFHVDQGPRYHPHQWVUHVXOWLQJIURPVXFKFRQVLGHUDWLRQVKDOOWKHQEHJLYHQWRWKHEHDULQJPDQXIDFWXUHUWRHQVXUHWKDWWKHEHDULQJVSURYLGHGPHHWWKHUHTXLUHPHQWVDVFORVHO\DVSRVVLEOH
±ZLWKUHIHUHQFHWRD
%HDULQJVVKRXOGQRWJHQHUDOO\EHH[SHFWHGWRUHVLVWPRPHQWVGXHWRURWDWLRQDOPRYHPHQWDERXWDQ\D[LVSDUDOOHOWRWKH[\SODQH:KHUHVXFKURWDWLRQDOPRYHPHQWRFFXUVSURYLVLRQVKRXOGEHPDGHWRDFFRPPRGDWHLWE\PHDQVRIWKHEHDULQJRUZLWKLQWKHVWUXFWXUH,QFDVHVZKHUHWKHEHDULQJLVUHTXLUHGWRUHVLVWVXFKURWDWLRQDOPRYHPHQWDFDUHIXODQDO\VLVVKRXOGEHPDGHWRHQVXUHWKDWWKHEHDULQJZLOOQRWVXIIHUDGYHUVHO\
±ZLWKUHIHUHQFHWRE
%HDULQJ DUUDQJHPHQWV ZKLFK XQGHU FHUWDLQ FRQGLWLRQV RI ORDGLQJ UHTXLUH EHDULQJV WR UHVLVW XSOLIW DUH OLDEOH WR UHVXOW LQH[FHVVLYHZHDULQWKHEHDULQJVFRQFHUQHG:KHUHWKH\DUHXQDYRLGDEOHDSRVVLEOHPHDQVRIRYHUFRPLQJWKHSUREOHPLVWRSUHVWUHVVWKHMRLQWWRSURYLGHWKHQHFHVVDU\DGGLWLRQDOYHUWLFDOIRUFH6XFKDSSOLFDWLRQVDUHQRWFRYHUHGLQWKLV(XURSHDQ6WDQGDUG
$$GGLWLRQWRFODXVH'HVLJQSULQFLSOHV
$$GGLWLRQWR*HQHUDO
,QWKHGHVLJQRIOLQHDUURFNHUDQGVLQJOHUROOHUEHDULQJVWKHIXOOLPSOLFDWLRQVRIXQHYHQSUHVVXUHDORQJWKHOHQJWKRIWKHUROOHURUURFNHUVKRXOGEHWDNHQLQWRDFFRXQWLQWKHGHVLJQRIWKHVWUXFWXUHDQGWKHEHDULQJ7KHIROORZLQJDUHW\SLFDOH[DPSOHVRIFDVHVZKHUHSDUWLFXODUFDUHLVUHTXLUHG
$$GGLWLRQWR&RQGLWLRQVRILQVWDOODWLRQ
,WLVQRUPDOO\GLIILFXOWWRSUHGLFWWKHFRQGLWLRQVRQVLWHDWWKHWLPHRILQVWDOODWLRQDQGKHQFHWRHVWLPDWHSUHFLVHO\WKHPRYHPHQWWREHFRQVLGHUHG,WLVEHWWHUWKHUHIRUHWREDVHWKHGHVLJQRQWKHPRVWXQIDYRXUDEOHSRVVLEOHDVVXPSWLRQV
6KRXOGWKHRZQHURIWKHVWUXFWXUHZLVKWRPDNHDOORZDQFHIRUWKHFRQGLWLRQVH[LVWLQJDWWKHWLPHRILQVWDOODWLRQWKLVVKRXOGEHDJUHHGZLWKWKHEHDULQJPDQXIDFWXUHU3UHFLVHFRQGLWLRQVIRULQVWDOODWLRQVKRXOGEHGHILQHGDQGFDUHWDNHQWRHQVXUHWKDWWKHVHDUHIROORZHG
$$GGLWLRQWR,QFUHDVHGPRYHPHQWV
$QXPEHURIH[DPSOHVRIWKHOLPLWLQJUDGLXVUDUHJLYHQEHORZ
Licensed Copy: Đạt Shuu
Trang 24)RUSRWEHDULQJVWKHVLJQLILFDQWGLPHQVLRQLVWKHUDGLXVRISRWRUOLGU
(;$03/(
7KHUH DUH WZR GLIIHUHQW GLPHQVLRQV WR FRQVLGHU IRU VSKHULFDO EHDULQJV )RU GLPHQVLRQLQJ WKH VOLGLQJ VXUIDFH RI VSKHULFDO
EHDULQJV WKH VLJQLILFDQW GLPHQVLRQ LV WKH UDGLXV RI FXUYDWXUH RI WKH VSKHUH U ZKLOH IRU GLPHQVLRQLQJ WKH OLPLW VWRS WKH VLJQLILFDQWGLPHQVLRQLVRQHKDOIRIWKHLQVLGHGLDPHWHURIWKHJXLGHHGJHVU
:KHUH PRYHPHQWV DUH VPDOO WKHLU FDOFXODWLRQ WHQGV WR EH LQH[DFW 7KLV DSSOLHV WR PRVW URWDWLRQDO PRYHPHQWV DQG WR VPDOOWUDQVODWLRQDOPRYHPHQWV7KHSXUSRVHRILVWRHQVXUHWKDWLQVXFKFDVHVWKHUHLVDQDGHTXDWHPDUJLQLQWKHEHDULQJGHVLJQWRHQVXUHWKDWDVPDOOHUURULQFDOFXODWLRQRUVHWWLQJGRHVQRWOHDGWRDVHULRXVPDOIXQFWLRQRIWKHEHDULQJ
$$GGLWLRQWR0LQLPXPPRYHPHQWWREHDVVXPHGIRUWKHVWUHQJWKDQDO\VLV³
3DUWLFXODUFDUHVKRXOGEHWDNHQZKHQFDOFXODWLQJEHDULQJPRYHPHQWVLIWKHUHVXOWLVREWDLQHGIURPWZRODUJHPRYHPHQWVRIRSSRVLWHGLUHFWLRQGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQODUJHQXPEHUV 7KHPRVWDGYHUVHFRPELQDWLRQRIIDFWRUVVKRXOGEHDVVXPHGWRJLYHWKHPD[LPXPSRVVLEOHPRYHPHQW
Licensed Copy: Đạt Shuu
Trang 25$$GGLWLRQWRFODXVH%HDULQJUHDFWLRQV
$$GGLWLRQWRD
7KLVUHVWULFWLRQLVQHFHVVDU\DVVRPHRIWKHPDWHULDOVXVHGLQWKHPDQXIDFWXUHRIEHDULQJVSRVVHVVWKHUHTXLUHGSURSHUWLHVLQFHUWDLQQDUURZWHPSHUDWXUHUDQJHVRQO\,QWKHFDVHRI37)(ZHDULVPRUHSURQRXQFHGDWKLJKWHPSHUDWXUHVZKHUHDVDWORZWHPSHUDWXUHV WKH FRHIILFLHQW RI IULFWLRQ LQ WKH VOLGLQJ VXUIDFHV LQFUHDVHV (ODVWRPHUV PD\ EHFRPH EULWWOH DW YHU\ ORZWHPSHUDWXUHV7KHWHPSHUDWXUHOLPLWVDWZKLFKWKHVSHFLILHGYDOXHVDUHPHWDVVKRZQLQWHVWVDUHJLYHQLQWKHRWKHUSDUWVRIWKLV(XURSHDQ6WDQGDUG
$$GGLWLRQWR5HDFWLRQWRUROOLQJDQGVOLGLQJRIDVHWRIEHDULQJV
:KHUH YDOXHV DUH DVVHVVHG IRU WKH UHDFWLRQ RI EHDULQJV WR PRYHPHQW IXOO GHWDLOV RI WKH FRQGLWLRQV XQGHU ZKLFK WKH\ ZHUHHVWDEOLVKHGVKRXOGEHJLYHQ$QLQGLFDWLRQRIWKHSUREDEOHSHUFHQWDJHIDOOLQJRXWVLGHWKHJLYHQYDOXHVDQGWKHSHULRGRIXVHIRUZKLFKWKHUHVXOWVZLOOUHPDLQYDOLGVKRXOGDOVREHJLYHQVHHRWKHUSDUWVRIWKLV(XURSHDQ6WDQGDUG
9DOXHVIRUFDOFXODWLQJUHDFWLRQWRPRYHPHQWDQGGHIRUPDWLRQDUHJLYHQLQWKHRWKHUSDUWVRIWKLV(XURSHDQ6WDQGDUG7KH\DOORZ IRU WKH PRVW DGYHUVH FRPELQDWLRQ RI WKH SHUPLWWHG YDULDWLRQV LQ PDWHULDO SURSHUWLHV HQYLURQPHQWDO FRQGLWLRQV DQGPDQXIDFWXULQJDQGIL[LQJWROHUDQFHV
,W VKRXOG EH SDUWLFXODUO\ QRWHG WKDW WKH DFWXDO UHDFWLRQ WR PRYHPHQW LV OLNHO\ WR EH FRQVLGHUDEO\ OHVV WKDQ WKH FDOFXODWHGPD[LPXP,WVKRXOGQRWWKHUHIRUHEHLQFOXGHGLQFDOFXODWLRQVLIWKLVZRXOGEHIDYRXUDEOHWRWKHGHVLJQ
7KH OHDVW IDYRXUDEOH YDOXH RI WKH FRHIILFLHQWV RI IULFWLRQ mD mU VKRXOG DOZD\V EH XVHG ZKHQ GHVLJQLQJ RWKHU VWUXFWXUDOFRPSRQHQWVWKDWDUHDIIHFWHGE\WKHVHFRQGDU\DFWLRQHIIHFWV
:KHUHHQYLURQPHQWDOFRQGLWLRQVH[LVWZKLFKDUHXQIDYRXUDEOHWRDSDUWLFXODUW\SHRIEHDULQJFRQVLGHUDWLRQVKRXOGEHJLYHQWRFKRRVLQJDGLIIHUHQWW\SH
$OWHUQDWLYHO\VSHFLDOSURWHFWLRQVKRXOGEHDGGHGWRWKHEHDULQJDQGSURYLVLRQPDGHIRUERWKWKHSURPSWUHFRJQLWLRQRIDQ\GHWHULRUDWLRQDQGIRUVXLWDEOHUHPHGLDODFWLRQ
Trang 276LQFHLWKDVQRWEHHQSRVVLEOHWRUHDFKDQDJUHHPHQWRQWKHIRUPRIWKHEHDULQJVFKHGXOHVKRXOGWDNHWZRDOWHUQDWLYHVDUHRIIHUHG7KHILUVWLVJLYHQLQ%DQGFRQIRUPVWR%ULWLVKSUDFWLFHZKLOHWKHVHFRQGJLYHQLQ%FRQIRUPVWR*HUPDQSUDFWLFH7KHVSHFLILHUVKRXOGXVHZKLFKHYHUIRUPEHVWVXLWVKLVUHTXLUHPHQWVRUGHYLVHKLVRZQVFKHGXOH
(YHU\LWHPLQWKHW\SLFDOVFKHGXOHVKRXOGEHFRQVLGHUHGEXWVRPHPD\QRWEHDSSOLFDEOHWRDSDUWLFXODUEHDULQJ2QO\UHOHYDQWLQIRUPDWLRQVKRXOGEHJLYHQDQGZKHQDQLWHPLQWKHVFKHGXOHLVQRWDSSOLFDEOHWKLVVKRXOGEHVWDWHG$GGLWLRQDOLQIRUPDWLRQVKRXOGEHDGGHGZKHQVSHFLDOFRQGLWLRQVH[LVW
%6FKHGXOH$OWHUQDWLYH
7KHIROORZLQJJLYHVJXLGDQFHIRUSURYLGLQJWKHLQIRUPDWLRQUHTXLUHGLQWDEOH%7KHQXPEHUVFRUUHVSRQGWRWKHQXPEHUVLQWKHWDEOH
7\SHRIIL[LQJUHTXLUHG
9DULRXV PHDQV RI IL[LQJ WKH EHDULQJV WR WKH VXSHUVWUXFWXUH DQG VXEVWUXFWXUH DUH DYDLODEOH DSSURSULDWH WR GLIIHUHQW W\SHV RIEHDULQJ3DUWLFXODUUHTXLUHPHQWVVXFKDVIULFWLRQEROWVGRZHOVNH\VRURWKHUGHYLFHVVKRXOGEHVWDWHG
,IDSURSRUWLRQRIWKHWUDQVODWLRQDOIRUFHLVWREHFDUULHGE\IULFWLRQWKDWSURSRUWLRQDQGWKHQHFHVVDU\VXUIDFHFRQGLWLRQVKRXOGEHVWDWHG
6SHFLDOUHTXLUHPHQWV
'HWDLOV RI DQ\ VSHFLDO FRQGLWLRQV HJ H[WUHPH H[SRVXUH KLJK R]RQH FRQFHQWUDWLRQ OLPLWHG DFFHVV QRQKRUL]RQWDO VHDWLQJEHDULQJVQRWVTXDUHWREHDPVWHPSRUDU\UHVWUDLQWVVKRXOGEHJLYHQ7KHKLJKHVWDQGORZHVWWHPSHUDWXUHVDQGGHWDLOVRIDQ\VSHFLDOELRORJLFDOFRQGLWLRQVWRZKLFKWKHEHDULQJPD\EHH[SRVHGLQVHUYLFHVKRXOGEHVWDWHGLIWKH\DUHGLIIHUHQWIURPWKRVHQRUPDOO\H[SHULHQFHG
Licensed Copy: Đạt Shuu
...7KLV(XURSHDQ6WDQGDUGKDVEHHQSUHSDUHGE\7HFKQLFDO&RPPLWWHH&(17&6WUXFWXUDOEHDULQJVWKHVHFUHWDULDWRIZKLFKLVKHOGE\81,
Licensed Copy: Đạt Shuu
Trang 66HHSU(1WRSU(1IRULQIRUPDWLRQUHODWLQJWREHDULQJVIRUZKLFKVSHFLILFDWLRQVDUHODLGGRZQIRUFHUWDLQUDQJHVRIWHPSHUDWXUHRQO\... 7
3DJH(1
Trang 13)LJXUHFRQWLQXHG([DPSOHVRIWKHPRVWFRPPRQW\SHVRIEHDULQJVOLVWHGLQWDEOH... data-page="13">
)LJXUHFRQWLQXHG([DPSOHVRIWKHPRVWFRPPRQW\SHVRIEHDULQJVOLVWHGLQWDEOH
Licensed Copy: Đạt Shuu
Trang 153DJH(1