Unknown BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1870 6 2002 Safety of woodworking machines — Circular sawing machines — Part 6 Circular sawing machines for firewood and dual purpose circular sawing machines for firewo[.]
Terms
This article illustrates various types of circular sawing machines designed for firewood, including dual-purpose models that function as both firewood saws and circular saw benches The main components of these machines are depicted in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Figure 1 — Example of a circular sawing machine for firewood with pivoting log carriage
4 Fixed guard above the table
5 Fixed guard below the table
The circular sawing machine for firewood features a sliding table and serves dual purposes: it operates as a circular saw bench with a pivoting log carriage in saw bench mode, and it can also function in firewood sawing mode.
Key 1 Tilting saw bench table
2 Saw blade guard below the table
6 Saw blade guard – firewood cutting
The dual-purpose circular sawing machine is designed for both firewood processing and as a circular saw bench In saw bench mode, it features a sliding table for enhanced precision, while in firewood sawing mode, it utilizes a pivoting log carriage to facilitate efficient cutting.
Key 1 Adjustable saw blade guard
5 Saw blade guard with chip outlet
6 Adjustable support for saw blade guard
8 Fixed saw blade guard – log sawing
Figure 4 — Example of a dual-purpose circular sawing machine for firewood/circular saw bench with
Definitions
3.2.1 cross-cutting the operation of cutting across the grain of a wooden workpiece
A circular sawing machine for firewood is designed for cross-cutting logs, featuring a single saw blade powered by either an electric motor or a Power Take Off (PTO) device This machine allows for manual loading and unloading of workpieces, which can be moved to the saw blade using either a pivoting log carriage or a sliding table equipped with a clamping device.
The dual-purpose circular sawing machine serves as both a circular sawing machine for cross-cutting logs for firewood and a circular saw bench It features a pivoting log carriage for efficient firewood processing, with the saw bench table tilted towards the rear when in use for firewood Alternatively, it can operate with a sliding table, which is locked in position when functioning as a saw bench This machine is designed to be stationary, either fixed to the floor or integrated into the structure of the premises during operation.
!displaceable machine"""" a machine which is located on the floor stationary during use and equipped with a device, normally wheels, which allows it to be moved between locations
3.2.6 machine actuator a power mechanism used to effect motion of the machine
Hand feeding refers to the manual handling and guiding of a workpiece or machine element that includes a tool This process involves using a hand-operated carriage to manually place or clamp the workpiece, as well as the option of utilizing a detachable power feed unit.
NOTE The words in brackets are not applicable to this machine
3.2.8 safety appliance an additional device which is not an integral part of the machine but which assists the operator in the safe feeding of the workpiece, e.g see Figure 5
Figure 5b): Example of push block
Figure 5a): Example of push stick Figure 5 — Examples of a push stick and push block
3.2.9 ejection the unexpected movement of the workpiece or parts of it or part of the machine from the machine during processing
3.2.10 run-down time the time elapsed from the actuation of the stop control up to spindle standstill
Supplier information includes statements, sales literature, leaflets, and other documents where the manufacturer or supplier declares the characteristics or compliance of a material or product with relevant standards.
This document addresses all significant hazards and hazardous situations identified through risk assessment, as outlined in EN 1050:1996, that pertain to the machines within its scope It specifies the necessary actions to eliminate or mitigate these risks and establishes safety requirements and measures, along with references to applicable standards.
These hazards are listed in Table 1 in accordance with Annex A of EN 1050:1996
Table 1 — List of significant hazards
No Hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events EN ISO 12100 Relevant sub- clause of this document Part 1:
- machine parts or workpieces: a) shape; 4.2 4.2.1,
5.2.6, 5.2.7, 5.2.8 c) mass and stability (potential energy of elements which may move under the effect of gravity)
5.2.6 d) mass and velocity (kinetic energy of elements in controlled or uncontrolled motion);
- accumulation of energy inside the machinery: g) liquids and gases under pressure; 4.2 4.10, 5.5.4 5.3.7, 5.3.8
1.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard 5.2.7
1.9 High pressure fluid injection or ejection hazard 5.3.7, 5.3.8
2.1 Contact of persons with live parts (direct contact)
2.2 Contact of persons with parts which have become live under faulty conditions
4 Hazards generated by noise, resulting in:
4.1 Hearing loss (deafness), other physiological disorders (loss of balance, loss of awareness)
4.2 Interference with speech communication, acoustic signals 5.3.2
Table 1 — List of significant hazards ( continued )
7 Hazards generated by materials and substances (and their constituent elements) processed or used by the machinery
7.1 Hazards from contact with or inhalation of harmful fluids and dusts 4.8 4.3b, 4.4 5.3.3
8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in machinery design related to:
8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive effort 4.9 4.7, 4.8.2,
8.2 Hand-arm or foot-leg anatomy 4.9 4.8.3 5.1.2
8.7 Design, location or identification of manual controls 4.8.7,
4.11.8 5.1.2 8.8 Design or location of visual display units 4.8.8, 6.2 5.1.2
10 Unexpected start up, unexpected overrun/overspeed (or any similar malfunction) from:
10.1 Failure/disorder of the control system 4.11, 5.5.4 5.1.1
10.2 Restoration of energy supply after an interruption
5.3.8 10.3 External influences on electrical equipment 4.11.11 5.1.1, 5.3.4,
5.3.12 10.6 Errors made by the operator (due to mismatch of machinery with human characteristics and abilities, see 8.6)
11 Impossibility of stopping the machine in the best possible conditions 4.11.1,
13 Failure of the power supply 4.11.1,
14 Failure of the control circuit 4.11, 5.5.4 5.1.1
17 Falling or ejected objects or fluids 4.2.2 4.3, 4.10 5.2.2, 5.2.3,
18 Loss of stability / overturning of machinery 4.2.2 5.2.6 5.2.1
5 Safety requirements and/or measures
For guidance in connection with risk reduction by design, see !4.1 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003", and in addition:
Controls
5.1.1 Safety and reliability of control systems
A safety-related control system, as defined by this European Standard, encompasses everything from the initial manual control or position detector to the input point of the final actuator or element, such as a motor The safety-related control systems for this machine are outlined in accordance with EN ISO 13849-1:2008.
the braking system (see 5.1.4, 5.1.5 and 5.2.4)
Unless otherwise stated in this European Standard these control systems shall, as a minimum be designed and constructed in accordance with category 1 as defined in !EN ISO 13849-1:2008"
The European Standard defines "well tried components and principles" as follows: a) Electrical components must meet relevant standards, including EN 60947-5-1:2004 for control switches, EN 60947-4-1:2001 for electromechanical contactors, HD 22.1 S4:2002 for rubber-insulated cables, and HD 21.1 S4:2002 for polyvinyl chloride cables with mechanical protection b) Electrical principles must adhere to the measures outlined in 9.4.2.1 of EN 60204-1:2006, with circuits being either hardwired or, if electronic components are used, compliant with redundancy or diversity requirements in 9.4.2.2 and 9.4.2.3 c) Mechanical components should operate in positive mode as described in 4.5 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003 d) Mechanically actuated position detectors for guards must be positively actuated and comply with the arrangement and design requirements of EN 1088:1995 e) Pneumatic and hydraulic components and systems must conform to EN 983 and EN 982, respectively.
Time delay devices in hardwired safety-related control circuits can be classified as category B under the requirements of EN ISO 13849-1:2008, provided they are engineered for a minimum of one million actuations.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams and inspection of the machine
!NOTE For components characteristics the information from the component supplier can be useful."
According to sections 5.1.3 and 5.1.4 of this European Standard, the start and stop controls for firewood sawing machines with a pivoting log carriage must be located on the machine frame These controls should be positioned within a maximum distance of 800 mm from the front edge of the pivoting log carriage when it is in its rest position.
The installation height for controls on firewood sawing machines should be 600 mm from the floor For machines with a sliding table, controls must be positioned at the front of the machine frame or along the longitudinal sides, within 800 mm from the front edge of the sliding table, at least 50 mm below the table edge, and no less than 600 mm from the floor In PTO-driven machines, the start and stop controls for the machine actuator, such as a tractor, can be considered as the machine's controls Additionally, dual-purpose circular sawing machines, which function as both firewood and circular saw benches and are driven by a PTO device, must have a normal stop control located at the operator's position on the saw bench.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings, measurement and inspection of the machine
Key A Shaded areas indicate control positions
Figure 6 — Position of controls on a circular sawing machine for firewood with pivoting log carriage
Key A Shaded areas indicate control positions
Figure 7 — Position of controls on a circular sawing machine for firewood with sliding table 5.1.3 Starting
For electrically driven machines see 9.2.5.2 of !EN 60204-1:2006" and in addition:
According to this European Standard, the phrase "all of the safeguards in place and functional" refers to the interlocking arrangements outlined in section 5.2.7, while "operation" specifically denotes the rotation of the saw spindle.
The exceptions described in 9.2.5.2 of !EN 60204-1:2006" are not relevant
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection and relevant functional testing of the machine
Electrically driven machines shall be fitted with a stop control which, when actuated, shall disconnect power from all the machine actuators and actuate the brake (if provided)
If the machine is fitted with a mechanical brake this stop control shall be of category 0 in accordance with the requirements of 9.2.2 of !EN 60204-1:2006"
Machines equipped with an electrical brake must adhere to category 1 stop control as specified in section 9.2.2 of EN 60204-1:2006 The stopping sequence should begin by cutting power to all machine actuators and engaging the brake, followed by disconnecting power to the brake once the braking sequence is finished.
The stopping sequence must be fulfilled within the control circuits If a time delay device is implemented, it should have a duration that is at least equal to the maximum run-down time The time delay can either be fixed or the adjustment mechanism must be sealed.
A separate stop control is unnecessary if the machine is equipped with an emergency stop that serves the same purpose.
Verification: By checking relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection and relevant functional testing of the machine
See !EN ISO 13850:2008" in addition:
Electrically driven machines equipped with multiple actuators must include an emergency stop control system that meets the standards outlined in sections 9.2.5.4 and 10.7 of !EN 60204-1:2006.
If the machine is fitted with a mechanical brake this stop control shall be of category 0 in accordance with the requirements of 9.2.2 of !EN 60204-1:2006"
Machines equipped with an electrical brake must adhere to category 1 stop control as specified in section 9.2.2 of EN 60204-1:2006 The stopping sequence should begin by cutting power to all machine actuators and engaging the brake, followed by disconnecting power to the brake once the braking process is finished.
The stopping sequence must be fulfilled within the control circuits When utilizing a time delay device, it should have a duration that is at least equal to the maximum run-down time The time delay can either be fixed or, if adjustable, the adjustment mechanism must be sealed.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection and relevant functional testing of the machine
Automatic restarts of electrically driven machines after a supply interruption must be prevented, as specified in paragraphs 1 and 3 of EN 60204-1:2006.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams, inspection and relevant functional testing of the machine
5.1.7 Failure of the control circuits
Protection against mechanical hazards
On machines fitted with a pivoting log carriage, the torsional resistance of the pivoting log carriage shall be such that it conforms to the requirements shown in clause A.1
Dual-purpose circular sawing machines, designed for firewood and circular saw benches, must ensure that the resistance to torsion of the bench saw table meets the specifications outlined in clause A.2.
Machines fitted with a pivoting log carriage shall conform to the requirements shown in clause A.3
Displaceable machines must be equipped with stability features during cutting operations These features can include a combination of wheels and stabilizers, a mechanism to retract the wheels from the ground, a locking device for at least one wheel to prevent rotation, or a locking mechanism that ensures the wheels are perpendicular to the cutting plane.
Stabilisers or wheels shall have a bearing surface which transmits to the ground a maximum pressure of 400 kPa
!Displaceable machines" with wheels fitted with pneumatic tyres shall only use methods a) or b) above to provide stability
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings, inspection, functional testing and by the relevant tests given in
5.2.2 Risk of break-up during operation
The saw blade guards must be constructed from materials that meet specific criteria: a) steel with a minimum ultimate tensile strength of 350 N/mm² and a wall thickness of at least 1.5 mm; b) a light alloy that complies with the specifications outlined in Table 2.
Table 2 — Light alloy tool guard thickness and tensile strength
Polycarbonate should have a minimum wall thickness of 3 mm, or an alternative plastic material must match or exceed the impact strength of 3 mm thick polycarbonate Additionally, cast iron must possess an ultimate tensile strength of at least 200 N/mm² and a wall thickness of no less than 5 mm.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings, measurement !and" inspection on the machine
!NOTE For the ultimate tensile strength a confirmation from the manufacturer of the material can be useful."
5.2.3 Tool holder and tool design
To ensure safe tool changes, a spindle holding device must be used to keep the spindle stationary This can be achieved with a double spanner arrangement or by using an integral locking bar inserted through the spindle The locking bar should have a minimum diameter of 8 mm and be constructed from steel with an ultimate tensile strength of at least 350 N/mm².
Locking bars shall prevent the spindle from rotating if the spindle drive motor is inadvertently switched on
Verification involves examining the relevant drawings, conducting inspection measurements, and performing functional testing of the machine For machines equipped with locking bars, an additional test is required: after starting the spindle drive motor with the locking bar in position, the spindle must remain stationary.
!NOTE For the ultimate tensile strength a confirmation from the manufacturer of the material can be useful "
Saw flanges (or in the case of flush mounted saw blades - a flange) shall be provided
Flanges designed for applications other than flush mounted saw blades must feature an outer clamping surface that is a minimum of 5 mm wide and recessed towards the center.
Where two flanges are provided, both outside diameters shall be within a limit deviation of ± 1 mm
The saw flange diameters shall be in accordance with Table 3
Table 3 — Minimum outside flange diameter
Maximum saw blade diameter for which the machine is designed D mm
Minimum outside flange diameter mm
To prevent the saw blade from loosening during start-up, operation, or braking, it is essential to implement precautions such as establishing a secure connection between the spindle and the saw blade, or ensuring a firm attachment between the front saw flange and the saw spindle.
Saw spindles shall be manufactured in accordance with the tolerances given in Annex B
Figure 8 — Saw flange detail 5.2.4 Braking
On electrically driven machines an automatic brake shall be provided for the saw spindle where the unbraked run-down time is more than 10 s
The braked run-down time shall be less than 10 s
Electrical braking shall not be by reverse current
Verification: For the determination of unbraked run-down time and braked run-down time, if relevant, see the appropriate test below
To ensure accurate testing conditions, the spindle unit must be set according to the manufacturer's instructions, including proper belt tension The speed and saw blade selection should maximize the kinetic energy for which the machine is designed Prior to testing, the spindle unit should be warmed up for a minimum of 15 minutes under no load It is essential to verify that the actual spindle speed is within 10% of the intended speed For units with manual star delta starting, the manufacturer's starting instructions must be followed Additionally, speed measuring equipment should have an error limit of at least ±1% of full scale, while time measuring equipment should maintain an error limit of at least ±0.1 seconds.
To measure the unbraked run-down time, first cut power to the saw spindle drive motor and record the time taken for it to come to a stop Next, restart the motor and let it reach the intended speed This process should be repeated two additional times to ensure accurate results.
The unbraked run-down time of the machine is the average of the three measurements taken
To measure the braked run-down time, first cut power to the saw spindle drive motor and record the time taken for the spindle to come to a stop Next, keep the saw spindle stationary for one minute before restarting the motor and running it at no load for another minute This process should be repeated a total of nine times to ensure accurate results.
The braked run-down time of the machine is the average of the ten measurements taken
5.2.5 Devices to minimise the possibility or the effect of ejection
Every dual-purpose circular sawing machine designed for firewood and circular saw benches must include a riving knife or knives These are essential for accommodating the various saw blades specified in the instruction manual.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings, instruction handbook and inspection of the machine
The riving knife must be made from steel with a minimum ultimate tensile strength of 580 N/mm² or a comparable material, featuring flat sides within 0.1 mm over 100 mm Additionally, its thickness should fall between the width of the saw blade plate and the kerf of the saw teeth.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings !and" measurement !deleted text"
!NOTE For the ultimate tensile strength a confirmation from the manufacturer of the material can be useful "
B Width of cut b Width of saw blade
The riving knife's thickness must be consistent, maintaining a tolerance of ± 0.05 mm along its entire working length Additionally, the leading edge of the riving knife should be chamfered to create a "lead-in," as illustrated in Figure 10.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings, inspection and measurement;
The riving knife must feature a chamfered leading edge and be adjustable vertically, ensuring that its tip aligns with or exceeds the highest point of the saw blade's periphery, in accordance with the specifications outlined in this European Standard.
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings, inspection and measurement;
Protection against non-mechanical hazards
To !deleted text" minimise fire hazards, the requirements of 5.3.3 and 5.3.4 shall be fulfilled (also !see
5.3.2.1 Noise reduction at the design stage
When designing machinery, the information and technical measures to control noise at source given in
EN ISO 11688-1 shall be taken into account The most relevant noise source is the rotating saw blade
The noise measurement for circular sawing machines used for firewood, including dual-purpose models and circular saw benches in firewood sawing mode, must adhere to the standards outlined in Annex N of ISO 7960:1995, with specified exceptions.
the workpiece shall be round pine with a diameter equal to 80 % ± 5 % of the maximum sawing capacity for which the machine is designed and shall be dry, below 18 % moisture content
Operating conditions for noise measurement for dual-purpose circular sawing machines for firewood/circular saw benches in the saw bench mode shall comply with Annex A of ISO 7960:1995
For machines not covered by Annex A or Annex N of ISO 7960:1995, such as those with varying spindle speeds and saw blade diameters, the specific operating conditions must be detailed in the test report.
Mounting and operating conditions of the machine shall be identical for the determination of emission sound pressure levels at the work station, and sound power levels
Emission sound power levels must be measured using the enveloping surface measuring method EN ISO 3746:1995, with specific modifications: the environmental indicator K 2A should not exceed 4 dB, and the difference between the background sound pressure level and the machine sound pressure level at each measuring point must be at least 6 dB.
According to section 8.2 of EN ISO 3746:1995, measurements should be conducted with a maximum difference of 10 dB, utilizing only the parallelepiped measurement surface at a distance of 1.0 m from the reference surface If the distance from the machine to an auxiliary unit is less than 2.0 m, the auxiliary unit must be included in the reference surface The measuring time requirement specified in 7.5.3 of EN ISO 3746:1995, which refers to 30 seconds, is to be excluded The accuracy of the test method must exceed 3 dB, and a total of nine microphone positions should be used, as outlined in Annex A and Annex N of ISO.
Emission sound power levels can be measured with higher precision using the method outlined in EN ISO 3743-1, provided that the necessary facilities are available and the measurement method is suitable for the specific machine type.
EN ISO 3743-2, EN ISO 3744 and !EN ISO 3745" without the preceding modifications
The emission sound pressure level at the workstation must be measured in accordance with EN ISO 11202:1995, with specific modifications: the environmental indicator K 2A and local environmental factor K 3A should not exceed 4 dB; the difference between the background emission sound pressure level and the workstation sound pressure level must be at least 6 dB; and the correction for the local environmental factor K 3A should be calculated as per clause A.2.
EN ISO 11204:1995 with reference restricted to EN ISO 3746:1995 instead of the method given in Annex
A of EN ISO 11202:1995, or in accordance with EN ISO 3743-1, EN ISO 3743-2, EN ISO 3744 or
!EN ISO 3745" where one of these standards has been used as the measuring method
5.3.3 Emission of chips, dust and gases
All machines shall be equipped with a chip outlet
Machines designed solely for use outside do not need provision for extraction (also see 5.2.7.3.3)
To effectively transport chips and dust from their source to the collection system, the design of hoods, ducts, and baffles must accommodate a conveying velocity of 20 m/s for dry chips and 28 m/s for wet chips with a moisture content of 18% or higher.
Verification: By checking relevant drawings and inspection of the machine
!The requirements of EN 60204-1:2006 applies unless otherwise stated in this document
Refer to section 6.2 of EN 60204-1:2006 for guidelines on preventing electric shock from direct contact, section 6.3 for measures against electric shock from indirect contact, and Clause 7 for requirements on protection against short circuits and overloads.
To prevent electric shock from indirect contact, automatic isolation of the electrical power supply is typically implemented, as detailed in the manufacturer's instruction handbook.
The protection level for electrical components must comply with section 11.3 of EN 60204-1:2006, with specific exceptions: a) three-phase motors require a minimum protection rating of IP 54 as per EN 60529; b) the final statement of section 11.3 in EN 60204-1:2006 is not applicable.
The power supply cord of transportable machines shall be at least of type H0 7 in accordance with the requirements of HD 22.4 S4:2004
In accordance with 18.2 and 18.6 of EN 60204-1:2006 the test 1 for the continuity of the protective bonding circuit and functional tests apply
Verification involves reviewing the pertinent drawings and circuit diagrams, along with conducting inspections and relevant tests to ensure the continuity of the protective bonding circuit and perform functional tests as outlined in sections 18.2 and 18.6 of EN 60204-1:2006.
NOTE 2 For electrical components characteristics the information from the electrical component supplier can be useful."
!The requirements of EN 614-1:2006 shall apply and in addition:
The machine and its controls shall be designed according to ergonomic principles in accordance with
EN 1005-4:2005 for work posture which is not fatiguing
The positioning, marking and illumination (if necessary) of control devices, and facilities for materials and tool set handling shall be in accordance with ergonomic principles in accordance with EN 894-1:1997,
EN 894-2:1997, EN 894-3:2000, EN 1005-1:2001, EN 1005-2:2003, EN 1005-3:2002
Tanks containing compressed air drainers and oilers shall be placed or oriented in such a way that the filler and drain pipes can be easily reached
Machine components weighing over 25 kg must be equipped with appropriate attachments for lifting devices, such as lugs, strategically placed to prevent overturning, falling, or uncontrolled movement during transport, assembly, disassembly, decommissioning, and scrapping.
If the machine is fitted with a movable control panel, this panel shall be fitted with a facility to move it in the desired position
If graphical symbols related to the operation of actuators are used, they shall be in accordance with Table A.1 of EN 61310-1:2008
NOTE 1 Further guidance is given in EN 60204-1:2006, EN 614-1:2006 and EN 614-2:2000
Also see 5.1.2 for position of controls, 6.3, EN 894-3:2000 and EN 1005-3:2002."
Dual-purpose circular sawing machines designed for firewood and circular saw benches should allow for a seamless transition between modes of operation The effort needed to lift the saw bench table, particularly in models featuring a pivoting log carriage, must not exceed 250 N.
!NOTE 2" On !displaceable machines" the designer should consider its weight and ease of moving
Verification: By checking relevant drawings, measurement and inspection of the machine
In accordance with 5.1.1, 5.3.16 and EN 983
In accordance with 5.1.1, 5.3.16 and EN 982
!The machine shall have sufficient immunity to electromagnetic disturbances to enable it to operate correctly in accordance with EN 60439-1:1999, EN 50370-1:2005 and EN 50370-2:2003
Machines that use CE-marked electrical components, when installed according to the manufacturers' guidelines, are typically safeguarded against external electromagnetic interference.
For control systems with electronic components see Clause 1
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and/or circuit diagrams and inspection of the machine
NOTE For the components' characteristics the information from the manufacturer of the component can be useful."
!The requirements of Clause 5 of EN 1037:1995 apply and in addition:"
Electrical isolators shall be in accordance with the requirements of 5.3 of !EN 60204-1:2006" with the exception that item d) of 5.3.2 is modified to increase the maximum power supply to 5.5 kW
When fitted with a plug to connect the machine to a 3-phase electrical supply, this plug may incorporate a phase inverter
Pneumatic isolators must be equipped with a locking device to maintain their isolated state when pneumatic energy is utilized In cases where the pneumatic supply is solely for clamping purposes, a quick action coupling should be implemented, as specified in EN standards.
983) without the means for locking shall be acceptable
Warning devices
Marking
!The basic principles of 6.4 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003 shall be observed and in addition:
Machines must have essential information marked clearly and permanently for their entire lifespan This includes the manufacturer's business name and address, the year of construction, and the machine's designation and serial number Additionally, mandatory rating information such as voltage and frequency for electro-technical products must be provided If the machine has a pneumatic system, the nominal pressure for the circuits and details about the pneumatic isolator's function and position should be indicated For saws, the maximum and minimum diameter and bore diameter of the saw blade must be specified, along with the width of the riving knife guiding elements for dual-purpose circular sawing machines.
In addition, on machines driven by a PTO shaft: k) the maximum permissible PTO speed
Labels or pictograms indicating the nominal pressure and isolators must be positioned near the installed location of the isolators on the machine.
The markings shall either be in the language of the country in which the machine is to be used or wherever possible by using pictograms
If the machine is equipped with scales the requirements of EN 894-2:1997 shall apply."
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and inspection of the machine
Dual-purpose circular sawing machines for firewood and circular saw benches must have the riving knife permanently marked with specific information This includes the width of the mounting slot and the thickness along with the range of saw blade diameters that the riving knife is designed to accommodate.
Permanently marked means for example engraving or etching
Verification: By checking the relevant drawings and inspection of components.
Instruction handbook
The instruction handbook must adhere to the principles outlined in 6.5 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003 and include essential elements such as a repetition of the machine's markings, pictograms, and instructions, along with explanations of their meanings as specified in sections 6.1 and 6.2 Additionally, it should clearly state the intended use of the machine and provide warnings about any residual risks associated with its operation.
1) Instructions on factors that influence exposure to noise This includes: i) the use of saw blades designed to reduce the emitted noise; ii) saw blade and machine maintenance;
Factors influencing exposure to dust include the type of material being machined, the significance of local extraction for capturing dust at the source, and the proper adjustment of hoods, baffles, and chutes Additionally, it is essential to follow safety instructions in accordance with section 6.5.1 d) of EN ISO 12100-2:2003 to ensure effective dust management.
Ensure that the machine operates on a level, horizontal surface, and that the surrounding floor area is well-maintained, free from loose materials such as chips and off-cuts.
2) adequate general or localised lighting to be provided;
3) stock and finished workpieces to be located close to the operators normal working position;
When operating a dual-purpose circular sawing machine in saw bench mode, it is essential to use a push block or push stick This practice helps prevent hands from getting too close to the saw blade, ensuring safer cutting of firewood.
5) refrain from cross cutting logs on a machine in the saw bench mode;
Wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) is essential for safety in various environments This includes hearing protection to minimize the risk of hearing loss, respiratory protection to prevent inhalation of harmful dust, and gloves for safely handling saw blades, which should be carried in a holder whenever possible.
7) to stop the machine running whilst unattended;
8) to report faults in the machine, including guards or saw blades, as soon as they are discovered;
9) to adopt safe procedures for cleaning, maintenance and remove chips and dust regularly to avoid the risk of fire;
10) to follow manufacturers instructions for use, adjustment and repair of saw blades;
When operating a dual-purpose circular sawing machine in saw bench mode for firewood, it is essential to choose the appropriate riving knife based on the thickness and diameter of the saw blade.
12) to observe the maximum speed marked on the saw blades;
13) to use correctly sharpened saw blades;
14) to ensure that flanges used are suitable for the purpose as stated by the manufacturer (see 5.2.3.2);
15) to refrain from removing any off-cut or other part of the workpiece from the cutting area whilst the machine is running except by using a push stick;
To guarantee safe machine operation, it is essential that guards and safety devices are correctly positioned, well-maintained, and functioning properly Additionally, operators must receive adequate training in the machine's use, adjustment, and operation.
The article outlines the essential specifications for the machine, including the maximum and minimum dimensions of the logs it is designed to cut Additionally, it details the installation and maintenance requirements, emphasizing the importance of verifying specific devices, such as braking systems, along with the frequency and methods for these verifications.
The machine's design specifications include the range of saw blade diameters and thicknesses, along with guidance for selecting the appropriate riving knife for dual-purpose machines Additionally, for dual-purpose circular sawing machines used for firewood and circular saw benches, it is essential to provide maintenance and repair information for push block handles and push sticks Machines equipped with dust extraction features must include details such as required airflow in m³ h⁻¹, pressure drop at each dust extraction outlet, recommended conveying air velocity in the duct in m s⁻¹, and the cross-section dimensions of each connection outlet Furthermore, it is crucial to inform users that the machine must be connected to an external chip and dust extraction system during indoor use.
External chip and dust extraction equipment with fixed installation is addressed in EN 12779:2004 It is important to provide information on any special requirements for connecting PTO-driven machines to an external prime mover Additionally, it is recommended to use a Residual Current Device (RCD) with all electrically driven transportable machines Furthermore, a declaration regarding airborne noise emissions from the machinery should be included, stating either the actual value or a value based on measurements taken from identical machinery, in accordance with the methods outlined in section 5.3.2.2.
1) A-weighted emission sound pressure levels at workstations;
2) A-weighted sound power level emitted by the machinery;
The declaration must include a description of the measuring method employed, the operating conditions during the test, and the associated uncertainty values K, following the dual-number format of declaration as specified in EN ISO 4871:1996.
4 dB when using EN ISO 3746:1995 or EN ISO 11202:1995;
2 dB when using EN ISO 3743-1 or EN ISO 3743-2 or EN ISO 3744;
1 dB when using !EN ISO 3745"
For example, for a sound power level: L WA = 93 dB (measured value)
Associated uncertainty K = 4 dB Measurement made in accordance with EN ISO 3746:1995
If the accuracy of the declared emission values is to be checked, measurements shall be made using the same method and the same operating conditions as those declared
The noise declaration shall be accompanied by the following statement;
The emission levels provided are not guaranteed to represent safe working conditions Although there is a relationship between emission and exposure levels, this correlation cannot be solely relied upon to assess the need for additional safety measures Various factors, such as the workroom characteristics and the presence of other noise sources, including the number of machines and adjacent processes, significantly affect actual workforce exposure Additionally, permissible exposure levels differ across countries This information empowers machine users to better evaluate associated hazards and risks.
!NOTE Information on noise emission should also be provided in the sales literature."
To ensure the safety and stability of the machine and its components throughout their expected lifespan, it is essential to implement conditions that prevent any risk of overturning, falling, or uncontrolled movement during transport, assembly, dismantling, disabling, and scrapping.
In the event of an accident or breakdown, it is crucial to follow the designated operating method Additionally, if a blockage is anticipated, adhering to the proper procedures will ensure that the equipment can be safely unblocked.
!r) the specifications of the spare parts to be used, when these affect the health and safety of operators;"
!s) information on how to provide protection of people against electrical shock due to indirect contact."
Verification: By checking the instruction handbook and relevant drawings
Torsional resistance test for the pivoting log carriage
The machine shall be fixed to the floor
Apply a horizontal load of 700 N at the two positions F as shown in Figure A.1 in turn The maximum deflection ∆ measured at point X shall not be greater than 10 mm
Figure A.1 — Torsional resistance test for the pivoting log carriage
Rigidity test for a dual-purpose circular sawing machine for firewood/circular saw bench
Apply a load of 700N as shown in Figure A.2 The maximum vertical deflection ∆ h of the free table leg shall not be greater than 20 mm
Figure A.2 — Rigidity test for a dual-purpose circular sawing machine for firewood/circular saw bench machine set in the saw bench mode
Stability test for pivoting log carriage machines
When the machine is tilted at an angle of 8.5º, it can safely support a load of 500 N for saw blades with a maximum diameter of 500 mm, and a load of 1,000 N for saw blades exceeding 500 mm in diameter, ensuring that the machine remains stable and does not overturn.
The test shall be made in turn for each of the two directions shown in Figure A.3
Key 1 Position of application of load P
Figure A.3 — Stability test for pivoting log carriage machines
Diagram Object Limit deviation mm
Measurement as close as possible to the saw flange
Measuring saw spindle run-out 0,03 Dial gauge
Apply axial pressure F as recommended by manufacturer
Measuring camming saw flange 0,03 for M ≤ 100
Riving knife mounting strength test
The machine must be equipped with the largest saw blade designed for it, positioned at its highest point The riving knife should be aligned so that its tip matches the highest point of the saw blade's periphery and tightened to a torque of 25 Nm A horizontal load of 500 N is applied to the tip, and to pass the test, the deflection A must not exceed the limits specified in Table C.1.
Saw blade diameter for which riving knife is designed ≤ 315 mm > 315 mm
Figure C.1 — Riving knife mounting strength test
Riving knife lateral stability test
The riving knife must be firmly secured to accommodate the maximum diameter saw blade for the machine A horizontal load of 30 N is applied to the tip, as illustrated in Figure D.1, and the maximum allowable deflection, denoted as d, should not exceed 8 mm.
Figure D.1 — Riving knife lateral stability test
Test for safe log (workpiece) positioning on circular sawing machines for firewood with pivoting log carriage
The machine shall be equipped with a new, sharp saw blade to the machine manufacturer's recommendation
Position a 70 mm diameter, 300 mm long round-wood in the pivoting log carriage, ensuring 100 mm extends beyond the saw-line on the outfeed side Move the log carriage toward the saw blade without securing the workpiece, and execute a cut with a depth of 10 mm.
The workpiece shall not rotate more than 180º during cutting
Figure E.1 — Test for safe log (workpiece) positioning on circular sawing machines for firewood with pivoting log carriage
Saw bench table minimum dimensions on dual-purpose circular sawing machines for firewood/circular saw benches
The minimum dimensions of the saw bench table in relation to the saw blade diameter shall be in accordance with the requirements of Table F.1
Table F.1 — Saw bench table dimensions
Figure F.1 — Saw bench table minimum dimensions on dual-purpose circular sawing machines for firewood/circular saw benches
Saw blade guard stability test for dual purpose circular sawing machines for firewood/circular saw benches