Tiêu chuẩn iso tr 19234 2016

© ISO 2016 Hydrometry — Low cost baffle solution to aid fish passage at triangular profile weirs that conform to ISO 4360 Hydrométrie — Projet de chicane à faible coût pour faciliter le passage des po[.]

Hydrometry  —  Low  c ost  baffle 

solution  to  aid  fish  passag e  at 

triang ular  pr ofile  weirs  that  c onform 

Hydrométrie — Projet de chica e à f ible co t p ur f cilite le

p ssage de s p issons a nivea des dé e soirs à profil trian ulaire

co f rme s à l’ISO 4 36 0

Fir t edition

2 16-1 -1

© ISO 2016, P blshed in Sw itz rlan

A ll rig hts r eserved Unles otherw ise spe ified, nopar of this p blc tion ma y be r epr od c d or utilz d otherw ise in an form

or b an me ns, ele tr onic or me hanic l, inclu in p oto opying , or postin on the internet or an intranet , w ithout prior

written permis ion Permis ion c n be req esed from either ISO at the ad r es below or ISO’s member bod y in the c u try of

the r eq eser

ISO c pyrig ht ofic

C de Blan on et 8 • C 4 1

CH-1 14 Vernier, Geneva, Sw itzerlan

Tel + 12 7 9 011

Fax 412 7 9 0 4

c pyrig ht@iso.or g

www.iso.or g

F reword i v

Introduction v

1  Sc ope 1

2  Nor mati ve r eferenc es 1

3  Terms and definitions 1

4  Symbols 2

5  Principles 3

6  Instalatio 4

6.1 Site sele tion an a plcation

4 6.1.1 Res riction 4

6.1.2 Backg rou d 4

6.1.3 Pr elminary survey 4

6.1.4 Limitations 6

6.2 General arr ang ement 6

6.3 Suita i ty for fish spe ies 8

6.4 L cation of the firs b fle 9

6.5 Bafle dimensions 1

6.6 Bafle mate ial an cons ruction 1

7  Maintenanc e c onsiderations 11

Biblog raphy 13

ISO (he Int ernational Org nization for Stan ardization) is a worldwidefede ation of national s an ards

b dies (ISO membe b dies) The work of pr p ring Int ernational Stan ards is normaly car ied out

through ISO t ech ical committ ees Each membe b dy int er st ed in a subje t for w hich a t ech ical

committ ee has be n es a lshed has the right t o be r pr sent ed on that committ ee Int ernational

org nizations, g ove nmental an non-g ove nmental, in laison with ISO, also take part in the work

ISO cola orat es closely with the Int ernational Ele trot ech ical C mmis ion (IEC) on al matt ers of

ele trot ech ical s an ardization

The proc d r s used t o develo this document an those int en ed for it furthe maint enanc ar

desc ibed in the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 1 In p rticular the dife ent a pro al c it eria ne ded for the

dife ent ty es of ISO document should be not ed This document was draft ed in ac ordanc with the

edit orial rules of the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 2 ( e www.iso.org dir ctives)

A tt ention is drawn t o the p s ibi ity that some of the element of this document ma be the subje t of

p t ent right ISO shal not be held r sponsible for identifying any or al such p t ent right Detais of

any p t ent right identified d ring the develo ment of the document wi be in the Introd ction an / r

on the ISO ls of p t ent de larations r c ived ( e www.iso.org p t ent )

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenienc of use s an does not

cons itut e an en orsement

For an ex lanation on the meaning of ISO spe ific t erms an ex r s ions r lated to conformity as es ment,

as wel as information a out ISO’s adhe enc to the Wor ld Trade Org nization (WTO) principles in the

Te h ical Bar ie s to Trade (TBT) se the folowing URL: www.iso.org/ iso/for word.html

The committ ee r sp nsible for this document is Te hnical Committ ee ISO/TC 1 3, Hydrometry,

Subcommitt ee SC2, Flow meas ur ment s truc tur s

iv

Flow g uging s ructur s ar commonly used for the measur ment of o en chan el flows To o e at e

satis act oriy, these s ructur s r q ir a head dife enc t o be g ene at ed betwe n the ups r am an

downs r am wat er levels A t s ructur s designed t o o e at e in the mod lar flow rang e, an ups r am

head measur ment is used t o int erpr t flow rat es A t s ructur s designed t o o e at e in b th the

mod lar an drowned flow rang es, the ups r am head measur ment is augment ed b a se on

measur ment w hich senses taiwat er con itions The forme ty e t en s t o r q ir highe head los es

o e the s ructur

In r c nt years, gr at er emphasis has be n plac d on environmental is ues, inclu ing the fr e migration

of fish in wat er ourses It is ack ow ledg ed that flow measur ment s ructur s, with their r q ir ment

for a head los betwe n ups r am an downs r am con itions, ma in ibit he mo ement of fish It has

be ome imp rtant, the efor , t o conside way s of aiding fish migration without se iously afe ting flow

measur ment ac uracy

Hydrometry  —  Low  c ost  baffle  solution  to  aid  fish  passag e 

1  Sc ope

This document spe if ies the r q ir ment for the int egration of b f les on the downs r am fac of

triangular prof ile flow measur ment s ructur s t o aid the pas ag e of f ish

2  Normati ve referenc es

The folowing document ar r fe r d t o in the t ext in such a wa that some or al of their cont ent

cons itut es r q ir ment of this document F or dat ed r fe enc s, only the edition cit ed a ples F or

un at ed r fe enc s, the lat es edition of the r fe enc d document ( inclu ing any amen ment ) a ples

ISO 7 2, Hydrometr y – Voc ab lar y a d symb l s

3  Terms and definitions

F or the purposes of this document, the t erms an def initions given in ISO 7 2 an the folowing a ply

ISO an IEC maintain t erminolo ical data ases for use in s an ardization at the folowing ad r s es:

— ISO Onlne brow sing plat orm:a ai a le at ht p:/ www.iso.org o p

— IECEle tro edia: a aia le at ht p:/ www.ele tro edia.org

3.1

diadromo s fish

fish that migrat e between fr sh wat er an sea wat er t o complet e their lfe cycle

3.2

potamo romo s fish 

fish that migrat e w hol y within fr sh wat er t o complet e their lfe cycle

3.3

baf le

wal or block at ached t o the downs r am fac of the s ructur t o aid f ish p s ag e

3.4

a ro ic swimming

<fish> sus aina le swimming using r d muscles, w hich incur no o y g en debt

3.5

ana ro ic swimming

<fish> time lmit ed swimming using w hit e muscles, w hich incur o yg en debt

3.6

riverine species

fish spe ies ty icaly fou d in an ada t ed t o a flowing wat er environment

structural he d diference

SHD

dife enc in elev tion betwe n the c es of the triangular prof ile weir an the downs r am wat er level

at a flow eq iv lent t o Q

9

ex ce danc

Not e 1t o entry: Q

9

is the flow that is ex ce ded for 9 % of the time

Not e 2t o entry: S e Figure 2

3.8

stre ming  flow

flow w hich oc urs w hen H

2 /H

1

≥ 0,60, w he e

H

2

is the head on the downs r am side of the b f le;

H

1

is the head on the ups r am side of the b f le

3 9

plunging flow

flow w hich oc urs w hen H

2 /H

1

is les than 0,5 , w he e

H

2

is the head on the downs r am side of the b f le;

H

1

is the head on the ups r am side of the b f le

Not e 1t o entry: Values b tween 0,5 an 0,60 can b in h st eresis

b Bre dth of the weir c est perpen icular to the flow direction m

h Gaug d he d relative to the c est (u stre m he d is infer ed if no

sub-s ript is used)

m

H

1

H

2

L Distance from the c est to the front of the f ir t b fle m

L

1

Distance from the c est to the centre of the f ir t b fle m

L

2

’R ou ded u ’ value of L

1

m

L

a

Q

9

3·

s

−1

c Slot ofset distance immediat ely downstre m from the reflection m

p Height of the weir c est a ove the u stre m b d level m

a

A spre dshe t o l as o iated with this do ument is used to desig the layout of the bafles in a c rdanc with this

do ument A ln to the spre dshe t is given htp:// stan ards.iso.org/iso t/ 92 4

When openin the spre dshe t, be sure to clck on the “E able Ma ros “dialog e bo

2

Symb l Term Unit

f Ofset distance b tween the position of slots in suc es ive b f les m

SHD Crest level a ove Q

9

zL Intermediate varia le used in the spre dshe t

a

to det ermine local

co rdinates (lef han side) for determining the slot location

zR Intermediate varia le used in the spre dshe t

a

to det ermine local co r

-dinates (right han side) for determining the slot location

dL Intermediate varia le used in the spre dshe t

a

for calculating cut ing

lengths for the b f les – lef han side b f le

dR Intermediate varia le used in spre dshe t

a

for calculating cut ing

lengths for the b f les – right han side b f le

a

A spre dshe t o l as o iated with this do ument is used to desig the layout of the bafles in a c rdanc with this

do ument A ln to the spre dshe t is given ht p://stan ards.iso.org/iso /t/ 92 4

When openin the spre dshe t, be sure to clck on the “E able Ma ros “dialog e bo

5  Principles

Bafles ar plac d in p ralel row s on the downs r am slo ing fac of a triangular profile weir The e

is a slot in each row of baf les that runs at an angle pro r s ively ac os an down the weir fac This

o lq e channel can be r fle t ed from side t o side in nar owe chan els forming a V-sha ed p tt ern

in plan view, se Figur s 1 an 3 The b fles r tard flow, maintain a consist ent depth of wat er, an

pr vent wat er velocities inc easing down the weir The o lq e channel formed b the slot pro ides a

p s ag e rout e with gr at er flow depth an lowe velocities than o e the b f les The b f les also br ak

the oft en significant hydraulc jumpthat y icaly oc ursdown the fac of weir an mo es it furthe up

the weir fac w he e it int ensity is gr atly r d c d

The solution c eat es con itions that f ish ar a le t o ex loit t o find p s ag e o e a wide rang e of flows

Fish ma ex loit helow velocity chan el or, w hen flow t ops the b f les, they ma swim s raight up the

slo e, taking adv ntag e of the r tarded velocity flow s c eat ed b the baf les

The dife enc in elev tion betwe n the inve t of the weir c es and the t opof the firs b fle downs r am

is of c itical importanc The dimensions an location should be det ermined in such a manne that it

does not afe t the coeff icient of discharg e of the triangular prof ile weir b mor than 1 % The rang e

of level measur ment of the g ug e wi l det ermine the dis anc of the firs b fle downs r am from

the c es However if the rang e is set t oo high, the firs b f le wi be set so far downs r am that f ish

wi not be a le t o p s o e the f inal se tion of low depth and high velocity flow The solution was

t est ed in the la orat ory with s ructur sthat o e at e up t o a ma imum head of 0,49 m at f ield scale It is

r commen ed that the f irs baf le should not be set any furthe downs r am than a dis anc eq iv lent

t o a ma imum head of 0,49 m

a) Baf les instaled on a weir  sh wn 

under dry co ditio s

b) Flow  co ditio  o  a weir with baf les

 un e running  co ditio

Figure 1 — Examples of baf le instal atio s o  triangular profi e weir

6  Instal ation

6.1  Site selection and appl cation

6.1.1  Restr iction

The b fle a plcation is r s rict ed t o the use

— on two dimensional triangular profile flow g uging weirs as set out in ISO 43 0;

— on weirs with a downslo e 1:5 (Ve tical:Horizontal)(2 % gradient in pe c ntag e or 1 ,3 degr es

slo e with horizontal)

6.1.2  Backg round

The t echniq e was original y develo ed t o impro e fish p s ag e on triangular profile g uging weirs but

also ad r s ed gradient up t o 1:4 (2 %, 14 degr es)Bafles can be fitt ed t o both single an comp u d

triangular prof ile weirs In the case ofcomp u d s ructur s, the b fles ar normaly f itt ed t o the

lowes weir s ructur Whe e the e ar two lowe weir s ructur s at the same level, conside ation

should be given t o using the s ructur that has bett er ac es for maint enanc an / r is leas lkely t o be

afe t ed b debris

6.1.3  Prelminary survey

A pr lminary survey should be made of the phy sical an hydraulc featur s of the sit e, t o che k that it

conforms (or can be made t o conform)t o the r q ir ment ne es ary for b f le ins alation

Particular att ention should be p id t o the folowing featur s for g uging weirs

a) The downs r am slo e is con rmed as being nominaly a 1:5 slo e

b) The conc et e fac of the slo e should be smo th an in g ood con ition without signs of sp l ng,

c acking or leaks

c) Know ledg e of the location an depth of r infor ement b rs in the conc et e, if pr sent, is

adv ntag eous

4

d) The mean a pro ch velocity in thedowns r am s i lng b sin or natural rive channel should be no

mor than those given in Ta le 1 at Q

1 for migrat ory salmonids;Q

2 for brown trout, gray ling, an

co rse f ish; an Q

70 for e ls

e) Whe e pr sent, the taiwat er s i ing b sin should be a minimum of 3,0 m in length downs r am

from any tru cation, or from the b tt om of the weir slo e

f) Whe e pr sent, the s i ing b sin should ha e a minimum depth of 0,3 m below tai rive bed level

g) Whe e no s i lng b sin is pr sent, the e should be a minimum depth of 0,3 m for 3 m dis anc

immediat ely downs r am from any truncation, or from the b tt om of the weir slo e an the wat er

velocities should not ex ce d those given in (d)a o e

h) Whe e the downs r am fac is truncat ed an forms a ve tical dro t o the downs r am s i lng

basin or rive bed, ad itional works ma be r q ir d t o ext en the downs r am slo e t o achieve

the a pro riat e b f le la out [se ( i)below]

i) A tru cated w eir ( for hydrometric purp ses ) ma be used downs r am of the las b f le whe e

salmonids ar the only spe ies pr sent Whe e othe spe ies ar pr sent, the downslo e should

contin e to the flo r from the s i l ng basin, but ma be at a ma imum slo e of 1:2 beyon the

las b f le

j) The wat er level on the downs r am side ofthe mos downs r am low cos baf le should be such

that s r aming flow oc urs in the fr e slot (for 0,2 m b f les this means 0,1 m of wat er, i.e

H

2 /H

1

≥0,6 ) at Q

9

ex ce danc

Table 1 — Maximum ac eptable me n approach velocities in the sti l ng basin for diferent 

fish species

Migrat ory salmonids Brown trout an  

gray lings

C arse fish Eels

Me n a pproa ch v locity in stiling

b sin, m/s

If the sit e does not p s es the charact eris ics ne es ary for satis act ory ins alation, the sit e should be

r je t ed unles suita le impro ement ar practica le t o achieve those charact eris ics

Key

1 dow nstr eam water levelat Q

9

2 dow nstr eam b d level

3 stiling b sin

6.1.4  Limitatio s

a) Baf les ar not r commen ed t o be used on rive s with high levels of larg e siz bed lo d mat erial

Baf le r si enc ma be a lmitation on rive s that car y high levels of larg e an a gr s ive bed

lo d mat erial, for ex mple larg e co bles, that might damag e the b f les

b) The e is no l mit t o the ma imum width of the weir that b fles can be ins al ed on Howeve safe

ac es for maint enanc ma be a pro lem on wide s ructur s

c) The ma imum s ructural head dife enc ( SHD ) ac os a s ructur suc es fuly emplo ed t o dat e

is 2,8 m for migrat ory salmonids an 0,7 m for co rse fish It is anticip t ed that co rse f ish p s ag e

wi be efe tive upt o 1,5 m

d) The s ructur should not be les than 1,5 m wide Ideal y the s ructur should not be les than 3 m

wide sinc the fish pas ag e ex e ienc t o dat e is b sed on s ructur s not les than 3 m wide It is

not practica le t o use mor than one r fle tion on weirs les than 3 m wide

e) The e ar l mitations on the width of s ructur t og ethe with ma imum alowa le s ructural

head dife enc ( SHD ) Guidanc is pro ided in Ta le 2 The lmitation is that only one r fle tion

with 0,2 m or 0,3 m slot is alowa le on smal s ructur s A r fle tion oc urs w he e the o l q e

channel me t , or comes close t o me ting, a side-wal and turns b ck ac os the weir slo e The e

ma be multiple r fle tions on larg er weirs with long downs r am slo es Figur 3 in icat es the

meaning of a r fle tion

Table 2 — Baf le width and structural he d dro  co straints

W idth

m

Ma imum SHD

m

f) The slot width (q) should alway s be set eq al t o the v lue spe ified for the targ et spe ies (2 0 mm

or 3 0 mm) If the la out would cause the slot t o be t oo close t o thesidewal or be r d c d in width

be ause it r aches the sidewal, then a r fle tion should be pro ided so that the desir d slot width

can be maintained

g) A s ructur with a larg e mod lar flow rang e (ex e iencing mod lar flow at high ups r am heads)

r q ir s the location of the firs b f le t o be set t oo far downs r am from the c es t o make it

efe tive for fish p s ag e Field ex e ienc has shown that s ructur s with mod lar flow rang e of

up t o 0,5 m ar a le t o p s co rse f ish spe ies with a mode at e but ac epta le level ofeff iciency

Highe heads (an as ociat ed highe velocities) make weirs les suita le for baf le ins alation

w he e co rse f ish ar the targ et spe ies for impro ing pas ag e The e is l t le f ield ex e ienc

w he e salmonids ar the only targ et spe ies, but it is ex e t ed that a mod lar rang e ex ce ding

0,5 m an up t o 0,7 m ma be conside ed for smal salmonids (< 0,5 m in length), an up t o 1,0 m

ma be conside ed for larg emigrat ory salmonids (>0,5 m in length)

6.2  General arrang ement

The b f les used on a g uging s ation ar al 0,2 m high and 0,08 m thick, Figur 5 The dis anc (L) t o

the front fac of the f irs b fle is set in ac ordanc with F ormulae (1) an (2) below This is b sed on

the ma imum head for w hich mod lar flow is r q ir d The eaft er, b fles ar set at 0,4 m c ntr s (d)

i.e 0,3 m from the b ck fac of the ups r am b f le t o the front fac of the next downs r am b f le

6