Tiêu chuẩn iso ts 19397 2015

© ISO 2015 Determination of the film thickness of coatings using an ultrasonic gage Détermination de l’épaisseur du feuil de revêtement par mesurage ultrasons TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 19397 Refe[.]

Deter mination ofthe film thickness of

Déte mination de l’é aisseur du feuil de r vê tement p r me sura e

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© ISO 201 , P blshed in Sw itz rlan

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F r eword i v

1 Sc ope 1

2 Nor mati ve r eferenc es 1

3 Terms and definitions 1

4 Principle 3

5 Physical principles of the me sur ing meth d and of the applcatio 3

6 A pparatus and mater ials 5

6.1 Ultrasonic fim thick es measuring devic 5

6.2 Couplant 5

6.3 Calbration stan ar ds 5

7 Calbratio , adjustment and checking of the me suring devic e 6

7.1 Calbration 6

7.2 A djustment 6

7.3 Che king the adjus ment 6

8 Proc ed re of me sur ement 6

9 Temperature influenc e d r ing the me sur ement

6 10 Precision 7

1 1 General 7

1 2 Repeatabi ty l mit

7 1 3 Reprod cibi ty lmit 8

11 Test rep rt 9

A nne x A (informative)Qual ficatio of the per onnel 10

A nne x B (informative)Determinatio of pr ecisio 11

Biblog raphy 17

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ISO cola orat es closely with the Int ernational Ele trot ech ical C mmis ion (IEC) on al matt ers of

ele trot ech ical s an ardization

The proc d r s used t o develo this document an those int en ed for it furthe maint enanc ar

desc ibed in the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 1 In p rticular the dife ent a pro al c it eria ne ded for the

dife ent ty es of ISO document should be not ed This document was draft ed in ac ordanc with the

edit orial rules of the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 2 ( e www.iso.org dir ctives)

A tt ention is drawn t o the p s ibi ity that some of the element of this document ma be the subje t of

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F or an ex lanation on the meaning of ISO spe if ic t erms and ex r s ions r lat ed t o conformity

as es ment, as wel as information a out ISO’ s adhe enc t o the WTO principles in the Te h ical

Bar ie s t o Trade (TBT) se the folowing URL: F or word - Sup lementary information

The committ ee r sp nsible for this document is ISO/TC 3 , Paint a d v rni shes , Subcommitt ee SC 9,

G ene al tes t meth ds fr p ints a d v rni shes

Determination ofthe film thickness ofc oating s using an

This Te h ical Spe ification desc ibes a method for det ermining the film thick es of co tings on

metal c an non-metal c subs rat es using an ultrasonic g ug e

2 Normati ve referenc es

The folowing document , in w hole or in p rt, ar normatively r fe enc d in this document an ar

in ispensa le for it a pl cation F or dat ed r fe enc s, only the edition cit ed a ples F or un at ed

r fe enc s, the lat es edition of the r fe enc d document ( inclu ing any amen ment )a ples

ISO 46 18, Paint a d v rni shes — Te ms a d de initio s

3 Terms and definitions

F or the purposes of this document, the t erms an definitions given in ISO 4618 an the folowing a ply

echo ampl tude

height of an e h (3.3)in ication on the sc e n

reflectio coef icient

ratio of t otal r fle t ed sou d pr s ur t o incident ou d pr s ur at a r fle ting surfac

so nd path travel time

time ne ded for the sou d p th travel dis anc

[ SOURCE:EN 1 3 -4:2 1 , 5.6.3]

3.12

co plant

co plng fim

medium int erposed betwe n the pro e an the o je t un e ex mination t o ena le the p s ag e of

ultras onic wa es (3.1)betwe n them

Not e 1 t o entry: Ultrasonic f ilm thick es me suring devices, b sides the n merical values of the o tained f ilm

thick es es, normal y display A-s ans for checking the echo forms an echo seq ences on a s re n as wel

calbratio

o e ation that, u de spe if ied con itions, in a f irs st ep, es a l shes a r lation betwe n the q antity

v lues with measur ment unc rtainties pro ided b measur ment s an ards and cor esp n ing

in ications with as ociat ed measur ment u c rtainties an , in a se on st ep, uses this information t o

es a lsh a r lation for o taining a measur ment r sult from an in ication

Not e 1 to entry: A calibration may b e pres ed by a stat ement, calibration fu ction, calibration dia ram,

calibration curve or calibration ta le In some cases, it may consist of an ad itive or multiplicative cor ection of

the in ication with as ociated me surement u certainty

Not e 2 t o entry: Calibration should not b confused with adjusme t o a me surin sysem (3.1 ), ofen mistakenly

caled “ elf-calibration”, nor with verif ication of calibration

Not e 3to entry: Oft en,the f ir t step alone in the a ove def inition is per eived as b ing calibration

[ SOURCE:ISO/IEC Guide 99:2 0 , 2.3 ]

3.1

adjustment of a me suring sy stem

adjustment

set of o e ations car ied out on a measuring sy st em so that it pro ides pr sc ibed in ications

cor esp n ing t o given v lues of a q antity t o be measur d

Not e 1 t o entry: T pes of adjustment of a me suring system inclu e zero adjustment of a me suring system,

ofset adjustment an span adjustment sometimes caled “g in adjustment )

Not e 2 to entry: Adjustment of a me suring sy st em should not b confused with c alb ation (3.14), which is a

prereq isit e for adjustment

Not e 3to entry: Af er adjustment of a me suring system, the me suring system normaly should b recalibrat ed

[ SOURCE:ISO/IEC Guide 99:2 0 , 3.1 ]

3.1

wor king standard

s an ard w hich is trac a le t o the national s an ard

[ SOURCE:EN 6 7 1:2 0 , 3.4.1.2]

4 Principle

The method desc ibed in this Te h ical Spe if ication det ermines single film thicknes es from the times

of flght of an ultrasonic impulse that is p rtialy r fle t ed at the int erfac s of the co ting sy st em The

s r ngths an weak es es of the method ar shown b measuring data for the dife ent f ilm-subs rat e

combinations that ar r lev nt in practic

5 Physical pr inciples of the measuring method and ofthe appl cation

When measuring the f ilm thick es using ultrasou d, longitu inal wa es ar used be a usethey can be

easiy g ene at ed an can be coupled int o a work pie e with almos eve y lq id As shown in Figur 1, a

sensor (6) consis s of a pie oele tric disc, for soun g ene ation an for r c ption, an of a “dela path ”

The ultrasonic impulse g ene at ed in the sensor firs p s es the dela p th an then spr ads through

la e s 1 t o 3 down t o the subs rat e (1) an bey n

On each int erfac , a fraction of the impinging ultrasonic wa e is r fle t ed as a new ultrasonic impulse,

w hi e anothe fraction p s es through The firs r fle tion oc urs in the ultrasonic sensor w hen the

ultrasonic impulse imping es on la e 1 (4 )

5 cou lant (liq id)

6 ultrasonic sensor (sen er an receiver)

E echo 1, 2, 3

Figure 1 — Ultraso ic metho

Ultrasonic impulses ar r corded w hen they ar r c ived in the ultrasonic sensor The dis anc s of

time between the ultrasonic impulses cor esp n t o the sou d p th travel times T

i(i = 1, 2, 3) in the

thr e in ivid al layers The ampltu e or e ho height of the ultrasonic impulse r fle ted on each

inte fac depen s on the r spe tive r fle tion fact ors If the sou d velocity in each single layer is

known, the r spe tive f ilm thick es can be calculat ed b means of the times of flght F r each layer,

is the dry f ilm thick es ;

T is the sou d p th tra el time in the la e (b ck and forth)

In orde t o be a le t o r solve e hoes with short int erv ls of sou d p th tra el times with the naked

eye (e.g 2 ns in a 2 µm thick co ting), the ultrasonic impulses shal be at leas jus as short F or this,

the ultrasonic fr q encies shal be r spe tively high (at leas the r ciprocal of half of the time of flght)

or the A-scan shal be g ene at ed from lower fr q encies b means of digital signal proc s ing F r an

ex mple of an A-scan, se Figur 2

When la e s ar t oo thin, the e hoes of the in ivid al la e s me g e int o each othe In this case, an o tic

control of the ev luation in the A-scan pr sentation is no long er pos ible

In cases w he e the A-scan pr sentation show s positive and neg tive half-wa es, it shal be taken int o

ac ou t that for a neg tive r fle tion fact or ( Z

2

< Z

1) the phase of the ultrasonic impulse chang es b

1 0° If this is ignor d, a r lative time dela of a half w avelength can oc ur

The pr con ition for ultrasonic impulses with signal ampl tu es sufficiently high for ev luation forming

at the int erfac of two la e s is

— a sufficiently high r fle tion coeff icient or r spe tively dife ent acous ic impedanc s Z, an

— a clearly defined int erse tion betwe n the mat erials

Othe wise, the r fle tions can be ome to low for dete tion This can also oc ur with curved work

pie es whe e, d e t o geometry, not al soun fractions simultaneously r -impinge from the inte fac

on the sensor

Key

T sou d path tr a vel times for la yer 1, 2, 3

E echo for la yer 1, 2, 3

Figure 2 — Example of an A-s an presentation

6 A pparatus and materials

6.1 Ultrasonic fi m thicknes measur ing devic e

A devic with an ultrasonic sensor for sen ing an r c iving ultrasonic impulses and an ev luation u it

for det ermining the f ilm thick es over the time of flght se Figur 1)

NOTE T e ultrasonic sensor used for me suring the f ilm thick es g nerat e ultrasonic signals (longitu inal

waves), which spre d perpen icularly t o the surface of the work piece an the co ting In the s hematic dia ram in

Figure 1, a slant representation of the sou d propa ation was selected only for ilustrating the sou d g neration

An acous ic contact betwe n pro e an t es spe imen with suff icient couplng shal be ena led

Commonly, a l q id (e.g wat er or oi) or a g el couplant is a pled

6.3 Cal bration standar ds

F or che king the fu ction of a measuring devic , a working s an ard shal be used

F or che king the measuring method an for adjus ing the devic prior t o use, a working measur ment

s an ard shal be used; one w hich larg ely cor espon s t o the r spe tive t es o je t t o be measur d

with r g rd t o f ilm thick es , co ting sy st em, subs rat e an thick es es of the la e s

7 Cal bration, adjustment and checking of the measur ing device

7.1 Cal bration

Calbrat e the devic in ac ordanc with the man factur r’s information

NOTE Primarily, the time of flight of a signal is me sured with the me suring devices This time of flight can

b checked,if neces ary, with a calibration stan ard with def ined thick es an k own sou d velocity

A djus the devic in ac ordanc with the man factur r’ s information

When adjus ing the ent ering of sou d velocities, it is r commen ed t o use t es spe imens that ar

b sed on the minimum an ma imum film thick es es that would be ex e t ed for the det ermination

of these soun velocities Using the ultrasonic f ilm thick es measuring devic , the time of flght of

the ultrasonic impulse an the sou d velocities, in ac ordanc with F ormula (1), ar det ermined in the

same measuring ar a in w hich the f ilm thicknes was or wi be det ermined with an alt ernative method

The det ermination of the time of fl ght is car ied out r peat edly on each t es spe imen an themean is

taken for each t es spe imen

When sele ting the t es spe imens t o use for the det ermination of the sou d velocity, it should be

conside ed that the thinne the t es spe imens an the lowe the soun p th tra el times, the mor

impr cise the det ermination of the sou d velocity from time of flght an thick es

When calculating, it shal be o se ved that the data ar ent er d in the u it used b the man factur r

of the devic an , aft er a calculation in SI u it , that these ha ebe n conve t ed

7.3 Checking the adjustment

Prior t o r cording the measur ment , aft er turning the devic on, an for alt erations of the co ting

sy st em or subs rat e of the t es o je t, the adjus ment of the measuring devic shal be che ked b

means of a working s an ard

Al the devic set ingsshould alway s be done in ac ordanc with the man factur r’ s information

Aft er the adjus ment, devic set ings that influenc the ultrasonic signals shal not be chang ed When

ex changing the pro e or changing the devic set ings anothe adjus ment shal be car ied out

8 Proc edure ofmeasur ement

Ope at e the devic in ac ordanc with the man factur r’ s information

Ap ly some couplant t o the co ting an measur it f ilm thicknes La the sensor pe pen icularly ont o

the co ting an pr s so that the f ilm of couplant be omes as thin as pos ible K eep the pro e calmly in

the measuring p sition u ti a s a le measuring v lue is displa ed

9 Temperature influenc e during the measurement

Mos of the pro es ar int en ed t o be used betwe n – 20 °C an + 0 °C Howeve , it is r commen ed

t o car y out ultrasonic film thick es measur ment , pr fe a ly in the rang e of common ambient

t empe atur s, in orde t o keep the t es o je t, couplant an pro e at an eq i brium t empe atur

d ring measuring Tempe atur gradient in the dela path of the pro e or in the t es o je t influenc

the measuring r sult d e t o u control a le chang es an fluctuationsof the sou d velocity

In al mat erials the sou d velocity depen s mor or les on the t empe atur

NOT For polymer , the chang s are ty ical y in the rang of 0,1 % to 0,3 % per °C for a ne ative

temperature co ff icient

In orde t o minimiz e rors d e t o t empe atur chang es, cons ant t empe atur con itions should be

o se ved A djus ing an subseq ent measuring shal be car ied out at the same t empe atur In cases

w he e the e ar prolong ed br aks between the measur ment an chang es of the ambient t empe atur

the adjus ment shal be che ked

10 Precision

10.1 General

F or furthe information on the det ermination of pr cision se Annex B

10.2 Repe tabi ity l mit

The r peata i ity lmit r is the v lue below w hich the a solut e dife enc betwe n two t es r sult

(each the mean of thr e v l d det erminations) can be ex e t ed t o le w hen this method is used un e

r peata i ty con itions In this case, the t es r sult ar o tained on identical mat erial b one o e at or

in one la orat ory within a short int erv l of time using the desc ibed t es method The r peata i ty

l mit r in ac ordanc with this spe ification, calculat ed with a pro a i ity of 9 %, cor esp nds t o the

v lues given in Ta les 1and 2

Table 1 — Repe tabi ity l mit (r)for individual test specimens