Tiêu chuẩn iso 17536 1 2015

© ISO 2015 Road vehicles — Aerosol separator performance test for internal combustion engines — Part 1 General Véhicules routiers — Essai de performance du séparateur d’aérosols pour les moteurs à com[.]

Road vehicles — Aerosol separator

performanc e test for internal

Part 1:

Vé ic ule s ro tiers — Essai de pe frma c du sép rateur d’a rosols

p ur le s moteurs à comb stion inte ne —

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

© ISO 201 , P blshed in Sw itz rlan

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F r eword i v

Introduction v

1 Sc ope 1

2 Terms, definitio s, symbols and units 1

2.1 Te msan definitions 1

2.2 Symb ls and u it 4

3 Me surement equipment ac curacy 4

4 A bsolute fi ter, wal flow trap and le kag e 5

4.1 A bsolute fite 5

4.1.1 A bsolute fite mate ial 5

4.1.2 A bsolute fite mas measurement method 5

4.1.3 A bsolute media measur ement proc s v ldation 5

4.2 Wal flow trap 5

4.2.1 Weight measur ement 5

4.2.2 Valdation of wal flow trap lq id oi eficiency 5

4.2.3 Valdation of wal flow trap aer osol eficiency 6

4.3 Leakag e 6

5 Principles for a r osol separator perfor manc e tests 6

5.1 General 6

5.2 Tes eq ipment 6

5.2.1 Grou ding 6

5.2.2 Ups r eam sample pr obe 7

5.2.3 Ups r eam particle cou te 7

5.2.4 Particle counte calbration 7

5.2.5 Max imum p rticle conc ntr ation 7

5.2.6 Particle counte flow

8 5.3 Dete mination of g r a vimetric sep ration eficiency 8

5.3.1 General 8

5.3.2 C lculations 8

A nne x A (normative) Ex planatio of diferential pres ure and pr es ure los of an a rosol separator 10

A nne x B (normative) Test eq ipment 11

A nne x C (informative) Aerod ynamic diameter 13

A nne x D (informative) Isokinetic samplng pr obes and informatio 15

A nne x E (informative) Life r eferenc e 18

A nne x F (normative) Val datio of the absolute fi ter media 19

A nne x G (normative) Le kag e 20

A nne x H (informative) Deter minatio of max imum eficiency a r osol nc entration 21

A nne x I (informative) Test equipment al flow trap desig n 22

Biblog raphy 23

ISO (he Int ernational Org nization for Stan ardization) is a worldwide fede ation of national s an ards

b dies (ISO membe b dies) The work of pr paring Int ernational Stan ards is normal y car ied out

through ISO t ech ical committ ees Each membe b dy int er st ed in a subje t for w hich a t ech ical

committ ee has be n es a lshed has the right t o be r pr sent ed on that committ ee Int ernational

org nizations, g ove nmental an non-g ove nmental, in laison with ISO, also take p rt in the work

ISO cola orat es closely with the Int ernational Ele trot ech ical C mmis ion (IEC) on al matt ers of

ele trot ech ical s an ardization

The proc d r s used t o develo this document an those int en ed for it furthe maint enanc ar

desc ibed in the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 1 In p rticular the dife ent a pro al c it eria ne ded for the

dife ent ty es of ISO document should be not ed This document was draft ed in ac ordanc with the

edit orial rules of the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 2 ( e www.iso.org dir ctives)

A tt ention is drawn t o the p s ibi ity that some of the element of this document ma be the subje t of

p t ent right ISO shal not be held r sponsible for identifying any or al such p t ent right Detai s of

any p t ent right identified d ring the develo ment of the document wi be in the Introd ction an / r

on the ISO ls of p t ent de larations r c ived ( e www.iso.org p t ent )

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenienc of use s an does not

cons itut e an en orsement

F or an ex lanation on the meaning of ISO spe if ic t erms and ex r s ions r lat ed t o conformity

as es ment, as wel as information a out ISO’ s adhe enc t o the WTO principles in the Te h ical

Bar ie s t o Trade (TBT) se the folowing URL: F or word - Sup lementary information

The committ ee r sp nsible for this document is Te h ical C mmitt ee ISO/TC 2 , R oad vehicles,

Subcommitt ee SC34, Pro ul s io ,p wertrain a d p wertrain fluids

ISO 1 5 6 consis s of the folowing p rt , un e the g ene al title Ro d vehicles — Ae os ol s ep rator

pe frma c e tes t fr inte n l c omb s tio en ines:

— Part 1: G ene al

— Part 3 : Meth d to pe frm en ine grav imetric tes t [Te hnical Spe if ication]

The folowing p rt ar u de pr p ration:

— Part 2 : L b rator y grav imetric tes t meth d [Te hnical Spe ification]

— Part 4 : L b ratory frac tio al tes t meth d

— Part 5: Meth d to pe frm en ine frac tio al tes t [Te h ical Spe if ication]

Engine c ankcase blowb is comp sed of combus ion exhaus g ses w hich ha e esca ed t o the

c ankcase via pist on ring seals and lube oi ae osols g ene at ed b the mal an me hanical action within

the engine These g ses ne d t o be vent ed from the c an case t o pr vent a buid-up of high pr s ur

The cons ituent of vent ed engine blowb g ses ar r co niz d as an un esira le contaminant an

t ech olo y for their containment is the efor ev lving

The devic used t o separat e oi ae osols from the blow by ty icaly r leasescleaned g ses t o atmosphe e

or alt ernatively r turns the cleaned prod ct t o the combus ion proc s b fe ding int o the engine air

intake prior t o the turb compr s or ( if pr sent) The latt er has led t o the r q ir ment for a pr s ur

control devic t o isolat e the engine c ankcase from air intake pr s ur

The engine t es methods pr sent ed in ISO 1 5 6 ar g ene al guidel nes for pe forming an engine t es

Annex es A t o I spe ify g ene al an common pro isionsfor ae osol sep rat or pe formanc t es

Road vehicles — Aerosol separator performanc e test for

Part 1:

This p rt of ISO 1 5 6 spe if ies gene al con itions, def ines t erms and es a lshes the basic principles

for blowb oi ae osol sep rat or pe formanc tes s b la orat ory or engine an gra imetric or

fractional tes method

2 Terms, definitions, symbols and units

2.1 Terms and definitions

F or the purposes of this document, the fol owing t erms and def initions a ply

c ankcase venti atio sy stem

devic w hich sep rat es oi an p rticles from the engine blow by befor venting t o eithe the engine

(closed c ankcase ventiation, C V)or theenvironment o en c ankcase venti ation, OCV)

2.1.5

diferential pres ure

dife enc in s atic pr s ur measur d immediat ely ups r am and downs r am of the u it u de t es

2.1.6

pres ure los

measur of the los of ae odynamic ene g caused b an ae osol sep rat or at the o se ved air flow rat e

d e t o dife ent flow velocities at he measuring point

Not e 1 to entry: It is e pres ed as the diferential pres ure cor ected for an diference in the d namic he d at

the me suring points

Not e 2to entry: For further information, se An e A

2.1 7

wal flow trap

devic t o ca tur oi that is flowing along thewals

Not e 1to entry: T e wal flow trap design is drawn in Figure I.2

d ct hat hasa hole or holes dri led in the wal t o o tain a pr s ur r ading

Not e 1t o entry: For further information, se Figure B.2

diamet er of a p rticle of the ty e used t o calbrat e an o tical sizing ins rument that scatt ers the same

amou t of lght as the p rticle being measur d

Not e 1 to entry: Optical diameter depen s on the instrument, the ty e of particle used t o calibrate the instrument

(usualy poly styrene late sp eres), an the optical properties of the particle b ing me sured

2.1.12

a rody amic diameter

a rody amic equivalent diameter

D

a

diamet er of a sphe e of density 1 g cm

3

with the same t erminal velocity d e t o gra itational for e in

calm air, as the particle being measur d

Not e 1t o entry: An e C provides ad itional information a out a rod namic diamet er

Not e 2 to entry: A erod namic diameter depen s on the instrument, the ty e of particle used t o calibrate the

instrument usualy polystyrene lat ex sp eres), an the properties of the particle b ing me sured

2.1.13

pres ure re ulator

devic betwe n the outlet of the ae osol sep rat or an air intake t o r gulat e the c ankcasepr s ur in

high v cu m con itions

devic t o dir ct a p rtion of the flow arou d a separation devic d e t o a pr s ur dife enc , usualy

venting t o the atmosphe e

2.1.1

by as valve

devic t o dir ct a p rtion of the flow arou d a separation devic d e t o pr s ur dife enc , usualy

venting downs r am of the b pas ed separation devic

2.1.1 7

chal eng e a rosol

output from the ae osol g ene at or or engine w hich cor espon s t o the dis ribution in t es ing an with

the amount of themas fe d rat e

Not e 1t o entry: T e a rosol distribution by mas is pres rib d in ISO/TS 175 6-2

ins rument for sizing an / r cou ting ae osol p rticles

Not e 1 t oentry: R ecommen ed particle cou t er are optical particle cou t er (in ac ordance with ISO 2 5 1-1) or

other cou t er demonstrating g ood cor elation in me suring particle sizes such as a rod namic particle cou t er

filt er ha ing 9 , 95% eff iciency at mos penetrating p rticle siz (clas H1 in ac ordanc with EN1 2 ),

or 99, 97 % (or highe ) fractional efficiency at 0,3 μm using dispe sed oi p rticulat e (DOP) ae osol as

defined b IEST RP-C 0 1 r commen ed practic

2.1.27

inertial separator

devic that separat es oi from the blowb s r am using ine tia

2.1.28

combination separator

devic that separat es oi from the blowb s r am using ine tia as wel as a f ilt er element

2.1.29

rated air flow

flow rat e spe if ied b the use or man factur r

Not e 1to entry: T e rated air flow is usual y used as the test air flow

test air flow

measur of the q antity of air pushed or drawn through the ae osol separat or pe u it ime

devic that ca tur s the separat ed oi from the c ankcase sep ration sy st em, not t o inclu e oi car y ve

Not e 1t o entry: Filt er life is not used in al parts of ISO 175 6 Life reference is given in An e E

2.1.3

mas fe d rate

mas amou t of chaleng e ae osol or lq id subje t ed t o the u it un e t es pe u it ime

Not e 1t o entry: Filt er life is not used in al parts of ISO 175 6 Life reference is given in An e E

2.2 Symbols and units

Air flow rat e t o within ±5 % of r ading

Dife ential pr s ur t o within ± 2 Pa of r ading

Tempe atur t o within ± 1,5 °C of r ading

Mas t o within 0,1 g ex cept for a solut e f ilt er mas an downs r am wal flow tra

Mas t o within 0,0 g for a solut e filt er mas an downs r am wal flow tra

R elative h midity (RH) with an ac uracy of ± 2 % RH

Barometric pr s ur t o within ± 3 h a

Crankcase pr s ur t o within ± 2 Pa of r ading

RPMt o within ±0,5 % of ma imum engine spe d

Torq e within ± 2 % of o e ating t orq e

Leak rat e shal be < 1 % of the air flow rat e

The measur ment eq ipment shal be calbrat ed at r gular int erv ls t o ensur the r q ir d ac uracy

4 Absolute fi ter, wal flow trap and leakag e

4.1 Absolute fi ter

4.1.1 A bsolute fiter material

S p ration eff iciency of the a solut e f ilt er shal be eq al t o or gr at er than 9 % for the chaleng e

ae osol b sed on the calculation in An ex F The a solut e f ilt er shal be s a le up t o t empe atur seq al

or gr at er than 1 5°C, an r sis ant t o oi, al kin of fuels, wat er, and othe comp nent of blowb

The v aldation of a solut e f ilt er media efficiency is given in Annex F

NOTE T e use of an a solute f ilt er with a b cking wil minimize f ibre los

4.1.2 A bsolute fiter mas me sur ement metho

The a solut e f ilt er shal be weighed, at leas t o the near s 0,0 g, aft er the mas has s a i iz d

Weigh s a i zation ma be achieved for wat er r mo al an minimal v latie cont ent los b st orag e

in a ventiat ed o en at a cons ant t empe atur of 6 ,5 °C Othe t empe atur s ma be used t o me t

cust ome r q ir ment Alt ernatively, plac a solut e f ilt er in an ambient t empe atur an h midity

controled enclosur

The a solut e f ilt er shal be weighed in the same environment as at the beginning of the t es Heat ed

weighing should be in an enclosed heat ed chambe

NOTE S e An e F for the validation proces an 4.1.3for proces control

4.1.3 A bsolute media me surement proc es valdatio

Using the method ofchoic , the a solut e pad weight method shal be pe formed onc each da for thr e

day s an ha e no mor than ± 0,0 g v riation betwe n measur ment

4.2 Wal flow trap

NOTE An e ample of the wal flow trap design is given in Figure I.2

4.2.1 Weight me sur ement

The wal flow tra shal be weighed, t o the near s 0,0 g, aft er the mas hass a i z d

The wal flow tra should be weighed in the same environment as at the begin ing of the t es Heat ed

weighing should be in an enclosed heat ed chambe

4.2.2 Valdatio of wal flow trap lquid oi eficiency

Ar ang e two w al flow tra s in se ies Chaleng e the w al flow tra with a high mas flow rat e t o

det ermine gra imetric efficiency ac ording t o the t es proc d r given in the cor esp nding cla uses in

the r lev ant p rt of ISO 1 5 6 Wal flow tra efficiency from the v aldation setup shal be eq al to or

gr ater than 9 % for the chaleng e ae osol with a minim um of 1 g g ined in the ups r am w al flow tra

Chal eng e the wal flow tra with a high mas flow rat e t o det ermine gra imetric eff iciency t es

The wal flow tra eff iciency, E

t, shal be calculat ed as shown in F ormula (1):

is the mas inc ease of downs r am wal flow tra

4.2.3 Valdatio of wal flow trap a rosol eficiency

Con uct a t es simi ar t o the method ex lained in An ex F, t o o tain an ae osol eff iciency v lue using

the spe ified chaleng e ae osol The t es setup shal consis of an oi mis g ene at or, wal flow tra , an

an a solut e f ilt er t o measur the ae osol The a solut e filt er shal me t the r q ir ment in 4.1.1 A

minimum of 3 g shal be subje t ed t o the wal flow tra d ring this eff iciency t es The wal flow tra

shal me t an eff iciency of les than 1 %

4.3 Le kag e

It is imp rtant t o minimiz leakag e int o the t es syst em t o o tain g ood data Depending on w he e the

leakag e oc urs, it can ca use major e rorsin p rticle cou ting

As a minimum al con e tions and joint should be che ked for visual leakag e using so p bub les or

smoke Any known so p solution can be used for the t es Pr fe a ly, the so p solution (fo m) wi be

a pled using a brush at al con e tions an joint Leaks ar espe ialy imp rtant on the clean side of

the oi sep rat or

Leakag eshal be ev luat ed ac ording t o An ex G

5 Principles for aerosol separator performanc e tests

5.1 General

Pe formanc t es s shal bepe formed on a complet e ae osol sep rat or as embly The t es s ma consis

of one or mor of the folowing: la orat ory gra imetric t es ( e ISO/TS 1 5 6- 2), an engine gra imetric

t es ( e ISO/TS 1 5 6-3), a la orat ory fractional t es method ( e ISO/TS 1 5 6-4 ) an an engine

fractional method ( e ISO/TS 1 5 6-5)

F or pe formanc t es s w hich r q ir pr s ur r ading t o be measur d, eithe s atic or dife ential, this

shal be done in ac ordanc with Annex A

The t es eq ipment used t o measur pr s ur r adings shal be as spe if ied in An ex B

5.2 Test equipment

5.2.1 Grounding

Grou ding is r q ir d for al t es a p ratus t o r d c the efe t of s atic charg es an t o impro e the

consist ency of the t es r sult Grou ding of metal ic an non-metal c surfac s, housings, transp rt

tubes, inje t ors an as ociat ed hardwar is r commended

5.2.2 Upstream sample probe

Samplng pro e shal be isokinetic (a e ag e local velocity of d ct an pro e t o be eq al) t o within

+ % an − 0 % The same pro e design should be used befor the oi separat or Sampl ng pro e shal

be locat ed on the c ntr l ne of the t es duct Sample pro es shal be locat ed at leas seven diamet ers

downs r am of any ben s, r d c rs, ex an e s, et c The samplng pro e shal be at leas four diamet ers

ups r am of any ben s, r d c rs, ex ande s, et c The sample wi also be locat ed in the c ntr of d ct

The pro es shal be made of ele tricaly con uctive metal c tubing with a smo th inside surfac The

design of the pro e an samplng lne wi l r d c particle los es The inlet of the sampl ng pro e shal

be sharpedg ed an shal be locat ed near the c ntr of the d ct The tube shal be s raight, (or no mor

than one bend) an asshort as p s ible S e An ex D for detais on isokinetic sampl ng A short flexible

conne tion t o the particle count er ma be used t o alow some flexibi ity an r d c s r s on the

count er inlet Polyt etrafluoroethy lene (PTFE)ma not be used as flexible tubing Use con uctive tubing

[e.g plas iciz d p ly iny l chloride (PVC)]inst ead

Samplng pro e d cting t o the particle count er shal be set up in a wa that no sedimentation of larg e

particles takes plac w hie pa ing att ention t o the fol owing

— vertical orientation of the tubing;

— suff icient flow velocity;

— short con e tion length betwe n p rticle cou t er an sampl ng pro e;

— a oidanc of ben s in the tubing;

— no sharp angles if ben s ar ne es ary

5.2.3 Upstream par ticle c ounter

The airb rne particle cou t er shal be ca a le of cou ting p rticles in the 0,3 µm t o 5 µm o tical

siz rang e an 0,5 µm t o 1 ,0 µm ae odynamic siz rang e It is also desira le for the Particle Count er

t o ha e a design incorp rating clean sheath air t o prot ect the o tics an keep the o tics clean The

p rticle cou t ers ma also ne d t o be ada t ed with an exhaus p rt that can be rout ed b ck t o the t es

sy st em v cu m W ithout this exhaus set up the p rticle cou t er ma not be a le t o pe form at the

rat ed flow C u t ers shal be cal brat ed using ac r dit ed lot trac a le p ly styr ne lat ex (PSL) sphe es

( e ISO 2 5 1-1 calbration proc d r ) Data should also be r port ed in eq iv lent ae odynamic siz

rang es Mos la orat ories cur ently use o tical particle cou t ers, howeve the t echnical adv ntag es of

using ae odynamic p rticle cou t ers is also wel r co niz d

The p rticle cou t er shal be a le at a minimum, t o disc iminat e eight lo arithmicaly sp c d p rticle

siz clas es

5.2.4 Particle c ounte cal bratio

The particle cou t ers shal be cal brat ed with p lys yr ne lat ex p rticles of a pro riat e siz prior t o

sy st em s art-up an a minimum of onc a year t o ve ify that the siz calbration has not chang ed It is

r commen ed that the p rticle count er calbration be ve if ied pe iodicaly d ring the year between

calbrations

5.2.5 Max imum par ticle c onc entratio

The ma imum t otal p rticle conc ntration shal be es a lshed t o pr vent coincidenc cou ting, ( i.e

counting mor than one p rticle at a time) A r commen ed method for es a lshing this lmit is t o

con uct oi sep rat or gra imetric efficiency t es s at a se ies of dife ent conc ntrations an comp r

the r sult The ma imum conc ntration is det ermined at he p int w he e inc easing the conc ntration

b a fact or of two ca uses the fractional eff iciency in the smales siz rang e at he highe conc ntration

t o be mor than 5 % les than the fractional eff iciency at the lowe conc ntration Anothe method is

t o inc ease the conc ntration in st eps (e.g b using a diut ed an an u diut ed ae osol) an det ermine

the conc ntration w he e the p rticle cou t er s art showing signif icant deviation from the ex e t ed

conc ntration in the smales siz rang e An ex mple is given in An ex H

5.2.6 P article unter flow

The p rticle count er flow rat e shal r main cons ant within ± 5 % for the d ration of a t es inclu ing

the cor elation done befor the t es

5.3 Deter mination of g ravimetr ic separ ation eficiency

5.3.1 General

The purp se is t o det ermine the gra imetric sep ration eff iciency The devic should be o e at ed at he

pr sc ibed air flow rat e an oi flow rat e The weight chang es of the comp nent part an the a solut e

filt er d ring the t es pe iod shal beused t o calculat e the gra imetric efficiency

The weight inc ease of the a solut e f ilt er aft er con itioning for a gra imetric eff iciency t es shal be

gr at er than 0,0 g

5.3.2 Calculatio s

Calculat e the ae osol eff iciency, E

a, b the method shown in F ormula (2):

F rmula (4 ) shal beused only for calculating t otal eff iciency in ISO/TS 1 5 6-3 gra imetric t es s

NOTE If a wal flow trap is not used, a rosol eff iciency can ot b me sured, only t otal eff iciency is recorded

Calculat e the lq id penetration pe u it time, P

L, b the fol owing method:

P

m

tL

O

tm

isthe efficiency of the unit u de t est ;

t isthe t es time in hours;