Tiêu chuẩn iso 16620 4 2016

© ISO 2016 Plastics — Biobased content — Part 4 Determination of biobased mass content Plastiques — Teneur biosourcée — Partie 4 Détermination de la teneur en masse biosourcée INTERNATIONAL STANDARD I[.]

Plastics — Biobased c ontent —

Part 4:

Plastiques — Teneur biosour ée —

Partie 4 : Déte mination de la teneur en masse biosour ée

Fir t edition

2 16-1 -1

Refer ence n mb r

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

© ISO 2016, P blshed in Sw itz rlan

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written permis ion Permis ion c n be req esed from either ISO at the ad r es below or ISO’s member bod y in the c u try of

F reword i v

Introduction v

1 Sc ope 1

2 Nor mati ve r eferenc es 1

3 Terms, definitio s, symbols and abbr eviated ter ms 1

3.1 Te msan definitions 1

3.2 Symb ls 1

3.3 A bbreviated te ms 2

4 Principle 2

4.1 Pr od ct g r oups 2

4.2 Gr oup I prod ct 2

4.3 Gr oup I pr od cts 2

4.4 Natur al constituent 3

4.5 Monome s an ad itives 3

5 Rules for alocatio of elements 3

6 Gr oup I products 4

6.1 Statement 4

6.2 Sampl ng 4

6.3 Dete mination of the bio ased car bon content an elemental comp sition 4

6.3.1 Pr oc d re 4

6.3.2 Varia i ty of tes r esult 5

6.4 Valdation c ite ia of the bio ased mas content 5

6.5 Examples of a plcation of the de ision scheme 6

6.6 Tes rep rt 7

7 Gr oup I products 8

7.1 Statement 8

7.2 Sampl ng 8

7.3 Dete mination of the bio ased car bon content 8

7.3.1 Pr oc d re 8

7.3.2 Varia i ty of tes r esult 9

7.4 Valdation c ite ia of the bio ased mas content 9

7.5 Example of a pl cation of the de ision scheme 1

7.6 Tes rep rt 1

A nne x A (informative)Example of format for r eporting results for Group I pr oducts 11

A nne x B (normative) Calculatio of the biobased carbon c ontent and biobased mas c ontent for Gr oup I products 12

A nne x C (informative) Example of for mat for r epor ting r esults for Gr oup I pr od cts 13

Biblog raphy 14

ISO (he Int ernational Org nization for Stan ardization) is a worldwidefede ation of national s an ards

b dies (ISO membe b dies) The work of pr p ring Int ernational Stan ards is normaly car ied out

through ISO t ech ical committ ees Each membe b dy int er st ed in a subje t for w hich a t ech ical

committ ee has be n es a lshed has the right t o be r pr sent ed on that committ ee Int ernational

org nizations, g ove nmental an non-g ove nmental, in laison with ISO, also take part in the work

ISO cola orat es closely with the Int ernational Ele trot ech ical C mmis ion (IEC) on al matt ers of

ele trot ech ical s an ardization

The proc d r s used t o develo this document an those int en ed for it furthe maint enanc ar

desc ibed in the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 1 In p rticular the dife ent a pro al c it eria ne ded for the

dife ent ty es of ISO document should be not ed This document was draft ed in ac ordanc with the

edit orial rules of the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 2 ( e www.iso.org dir ctives)

A tt ention is drawn t o the p s ibi ity that some of the element of this document ma be the subje t of

p t ent right ISO shal not be held r sponsible for identifying any or al such p t ent right Detais of

any p t ent right identified d ring the develo ment of the document wi be in the Introd ction an / r

on the ISO ls of p t ent de larations r c ived ( e www.iso.org p t ent )

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenienc of use s an does not

cons itut e an en orsement

For an ex lanation on the meaning of ISO spe ific t erms an ex r s ions r lated to conformity as es ment,

as wel as information a out ISO’s adhe enc to the Wor ld Trade Org nization (WTO) principles in the

Te h ical Bar ie s to Trade (TBT) se the folowing URL: www.iso.org/ iso/for word.html

The committ ee r sp nsible for this document is ISO/TC 61, Plas tic s , Subcommitt ee SC 5, Ph s ic al

chemic al pro erties

A l s of al p rt in theISO 1 6 0 se iescan be fou d on the ISO websit e

Inc eased use of biomas r sour es for man facturing plas ics prod ct is efe tive in r d cing glo al

warming an the depletion of fos i r sour es

Cur ent plas ics prod ct ar comp sed of bio ased synthetic p lyme s, fos i-based synthetic

p lyme s, natural p lyme s an ad itives that can inclu e bio ased mat erials

“ Bio ased plas ics” r fe t o plas icsthat contain mat erials w holy or partly of biog enic origin

In ISO 1 6 0 se ies, the “bio ased cont ent” of bio ased plas ics r fe s t o the amou t ofthe bio ased

carb n cont ent, the amou t of the bio ased synthetic p lyme cont ent or the amount of the bio ased

mas cont ent only

This document is harmoniz d with EN 1 7 5-1:2 1

[1 ]

Plastics — Biobased c ontent —

Part 4:

This document pe ifies a method of det ermining the bio ased mas cont ent in plas ics prod ct , b sed

on the radiocarb n analy sis an elemental analy sis

This document is a plca le t o plas ic prod ct an plas ic mat erials, p lyme r sins, monome s or

ad itives, w hich ar made from bio ased or fos i-b sed cons ituent

This method is a plca le, pro ided that the plas ic prod ct contains carb n element an that a

s at ement giving it elemental composition an it bio ased mas cont ent is a ai a le

2 Normati ve r eferences

The folowing document ar r fe r d t o in the t ext in such a wa that some or al of their cont ent

cons itut es r q ir ment of this document F or dat ed r fe enc s, only the edition cit ed a ples F or

un at ed r fe enc s, the lat es edition of the r fe enc d document ( inclu ing any amen ment ) a ples

ISO 1 6 0- 2:2 1 , Plas tic s — B io ased c ontent — Part 2 : Dete min tio o bio ased c arb n c ontent

3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbr eviated terms

3.1 Ter ms and definitions

F or the purposes of this document, the t erms an def initions given in ISO 1 6 0-1 a ply

ISO an IEC maintain t erminolo ical data ases for use in s an ardization at the folowing ad r s es:

— IECEle tro edia: a aia le at ht p:/ www.ele tro edia.org

— ISO Onlne brow sing plat orm:a ai a le at ht p:/ www.iso.org o p /

3.2 Symbols

14

C carb n isot ope with an at omic mas of 14

C symb l for element carb n

H symb l for element hydrog en

N symb l for element nitrog en

O symb l for element o y g en

m

Bbio ased mas cont ent, ex r s ed as a pe c ntag e of the t otal mas of sample

x

B

bio ased carb n cont ent, ex r s ed as a pe c ntag e of the t otal mas of the sample

t otal o y g en cont ent, ex r s ed as a pe c ntag e of the t otal mas of the sample

W mas of a sample, ex r s ed in grams

F or the purpose of this document, two groups of prod ct ar dis inguished as folow s:

a) Group I prod ct ar o tained b chemical or biolo ical r action( );

b) Group I prod ct ar o tained b mixing Group I prod ct without chemical or biolo ical r action

Natural cons ituent (4.4) can be used t o prod c Group I prod ct or as cons ituent (s) of Group I

prod ct

4.2 Gr oup I products

This method, sup ort ed b rules desc ibed in Clause 6, consis s in

a) the det ermination of the bio ased carb n cont ent an elemental comp sition of the prod ct b

using the radiocarb n analy sis an elemental analy sis r spe tively (6.3), an

b) thecomp rison betwe n

1) the data of the s at ement (6.1) comprising the comp sition an the origin (bio ased an / r

fos i r sour es)of the prod ct, and

2) the data r sulting from the radiocarbon analy sis an elemental analy sis of the prod ct (6.3)

NOTE T e “statement in the sense of this document is t o b distinguished from the “declaration” of the

bio ased mas content resulting of this method, which is in the s ope of ISO 16 2 -5

1)

4.3 Gr oup I products

This method consis s in

a) thedet ermination of the bio ased carb n cont ent of the prod ct b using the radiocarb n analy sis

(7.3), an

1) To b p blished

b) thecomp rison betwe n

1) the data of the s at ement (7.1) comprising the comp sition an the origin (bio ased an / r

fos i r sour es)of the prod ct, an

2) the data r sulting from the radiocarbon analysis of the prod ct 7.3)

NOTE T e “ tatement in the sense of this document is t o b distinguished from the “declaration” of the

bio ased mas content resulting of this method,which is in the s ope of ISO 16 2 -5

1)

4.4 Natural c onstituents

This method is not ne ded for the det ermination of the bio ased mas cont ent in natural cons ituent

(e.g natural polyme s)w holy de ived from biomas

The bio ased mas cont ent of a natural cons ituent iseq al t o 1 0 %

The bio ased carb n cont ent of a natural cons ituent, ex r s ed as a pe c ntag e of the t otal carb n

cont ent, is eq al t o 1 0 %

NOTE T is diferentiates the calculation of the bio ased mas content ac ording to this document from the

calculation of the bio ased sy thetic polymer content ac ording t o ISO 16 2 -3, where the bio ased sy thetic

polymer content of a natural constituent is 0 % (se ISO 16 2 -1:2 1 ,Clause 4)

4.5 Monomer and additi ves

In case of monome s an ad itives for w hich the composition an raw mat erial()/chemical( ) from

w hich they ar made ar k own, an w hose chemical identification is u eq iv cal, the method ma

consis only in a det ermination of the bio ased carb n cont ent The bio ased mas cont ent ma be

v ldat ed b a plying the v ldation c it eria (6.4), conside ing only the bio ased carb n cont ent

5 Rules for al ocation ofelements

NOTE A ccording to the cur ent stat e of the art, it is not pos ible by isotopic me surements t o esta lish a

distinction b tween elements originating from biomas an elements originating from non-biomas for elements

such as o y gen, hydro en or nitro en

F or a prod ct/cons ituent of a prod ct o tained b chemical or biolo ical r action( ) (Group I), the

folowing rules shal a ply:

a) if the r actant ar ex clusively de ived from biomas , the bio ased mas cont ent of the

prod ct/cons ituent of the prod ct is 1 0 %;

b) if none of the r actant is de ived from biomas , the bio ased mas cont ent of the prod ct/cons ituent

of the prod ct is 0 %;

c) if the r actant ar de ived from b th biomas an non-biomas , the folowing conventions a ply:

1) if o y g en (O) an / r hydrog en (H) and/ r nitrog en (N) element (s) is ar ) b u d t o a carb n

s ructur de ived from biomas , it ( heir) fraction is ar ) conside ed t o be p rt (s) of the

bio ased mas cont en

2) element (s)othe than C, H, O an N element ar not conside ed in this document

E AMP E Ester derived from the con ensation of an acid with a primary alcohol keep the O element

coming from the alcohol

6 Gr oup I pr oducts

The s at ement t o be pro ided with the prod ct u de conside ation shal inclu e

a) information r lat ed t o the r lev nt chemical or biolo ical r action() an the raw

mat erials /chemicals from w hich theprod ct is made,

b) a complet e elemental comp sition of the prod ct (x

1TC

, x

1TH

, x

1T

an x

1TN

), an

c) the bio ased carb n cont ent (x

B1) an bio ased mas cont ent (m

B1), of the prod ct, o tained b

calculation, folowing the rules def ined in Clause 5

NOTE 1 The bio ased carb n content can b e pres ed on the b sis of total org nic carb n (TOC) or t otal

carb n (TC)or t otal mas

NOTE 2 In this document, “bio ased carb n content refer to “bio ased carb n cont ent by mas , e pres ed

as a per enta e of the t otal mas ”

F or prod ct w hich contain wat er, the bio ased mas cont ent (m

B1) is ex r s ed b mas of dry matt er

E AMP E Poly(ethy lene terep thalate) o tained by polycon ensation of t erep thalic acid from fos il

resour es with bio ased ethy lene glycol (se Ta le 1)

Table 1 — Example of calculatio for poly (ethy lene terephthalate)

The samples shal be r pr sentative of the prod ct u de conside ation

If a ai a le, prod ct sampl ng proc d r s for the det ermination of the bio ased carb n cont ent an

elemental composition shal be used an thedetai s shal be document ed

6.3 Deter mination of the biobased car bon c ontent and elemental c omposition

6.3.1 Proc edure

Det ermine the bio ased carb n cont ent of the sample ac ording t o ISO 1 6 0- 2

Ex r s the bio ased carb n cont ent (x

B2)as a pe c ntag e of the t otal mas of the sample

Det ermine the cont ent of t otal carb n (x

2TC

), hydrog en (x

2TH

), o y g en (x

2T

) an / r nitrog en (x

2TN

) of

the sample ac ording t o suita le s an ard analytical methods If othe element (s) is ar ) pr sent,

it ( heir)cont ent (s) ma be also det ermined

F or det ermining the t otal carb n cont ent an org nic carb n cont ent, t es methods as desc ibed in

ISO 60 , ISO 8 45, ISO 1 6 4, ISO 1 3 0, ISO 1 247, ASTMD5 9 -0 , ASTM E1 1 -1 or EN1 1 7 ma

be used, asa plca le

The o yg en cont ent shal be o tained b analy sis an not b calculation [i.e b subtraction of the C, H

an N cont ent from the t otal cont ent 1 0 % )]

Ex r s the cont ent of t otal carb n (x

2TC

), hydrog en (x

2TH

), o y g en (x

2T

) an / r nitrog en (x

2TN

) as

pe c ntag es of the t otal mas of the sample

F or the v ldation (6.4), use the t es r sult , ex r s ed b mas of dry matt er

6.3.2 Var iabi ity of test results

The r sult o tained b the analytical methods can dife from the s at ed v lues for the fol owing

r asons:

a) the comp sition of the prod ct can pr sent v ria i ty d e t o it natural origin;

E AMP E Natural fat y acids used in the prod ction of fat y acid ester

b) the prod ction proc s can be, t o a c rtain ext ent, a cause of v ria i ty of the composition of the

f inal prod ct ;

c) theanalytical methods ar also a sour e of unc rtainty, as fol ow s:

1) ± % of the measur d v lue for the bio ased carb n cont en

2) ± ,4 % of the measur d v lue for the t otal carb n, t otal o y g en or t otal nitrog en cont en

3) ± ,2 % of the measur d v lue for the t otal hydrog en cont ent

6.4 Val dation c iter ia ofthe biobased mas c ontent

Det ermine the g ps betwe n the v lues given in the s at ement (6.1) an v lues r sulting from t es ing

(6.3.1) for the bio ased carb n cont ent, t otal carb n cont ent, t otal hydrog en cont ent, t otal o yg en

cont ent an / r t otal nitrog en cont ent, as r lev nt

F or the v ldation of the bio ased mas cont ent, a ply the de ision scheme ac ording t o Figur 1

F or monome s and ad itives, se also 4.5

Per centag e related to the total mas of the sample

Figure 1 — Decision s heme for Gro p I prod cts

E AMP E 1 F or conf idence level 2, 5 % is rou ded down to 5 % an 57 % is rou ded down to 5 %

E AMP E 2 F or conf idence level 3, 48 % is rou ded down to 40 % an 42 % is rou ded down to 3 %

If nitrog en an / r o y g en element (s) is ar ) not pr sent in the mole ule, it (they) is ar ) not taken int o

ac ou t

If the s at ed bio ased carb n cont ent is lowe than the bio ased carb n cont ent o tained b t es ing,

then the g p is t o be conside ed as fulfil ing the c it eria for conf idenc level 1

E AMP E 3 Stated bio ased carb n cont ent: 5 ,2 %, bio ased carb n content o tained by analy sis: 56,5 %,

g p b tween the two values: 3,3 % As the stat ed value is lower than the value o tained by analy sis,the conf idence

level to b ap lied is 1for this value

E AMP E 4 In case of poly(ethy lene t erep thalate) (se 6.1, E AMP E), N is not present in the molecule;

therefore N can ot b taken int o ac ou t T e validation is done by comparing the values of the bio ased carb n

content, as wel as the TC cont ent an the TH content T e TO content may also b considered inste d of the T

content or THcontent

6.5 Examples of appl cation of the decision s heme

Ex mples ar given in Ta les 2, 3 an 4