Tiêu chuẩn iso 16890 4 2016

© ISO 2016 Air filters for general ventilation — Part 4 Conditioning method to determine the minimum fractional test efficiency Filtres à air de ventilation générale — Partie 4 Méthode de conditionnem[.]

A ir filters for g eneral ventilation —

Part 4:

Filtre s à air de ventilation g n rale —

Partie 4 : Méth de de co dition ement afin de déte mine  l’efficac ité 

spectrale minimum d’e ssai

Fir t edition

2 16-1 -0

Refer ence n mb r

ISO 168 0-4:2 16(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

© ISO 2016, P blshed in Sw itz rlan

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F reword i v

Introduction v

1 Sc ope 1

2 Nor mati ve r eferenc es 1

3 Terms and definitions 2

4 Symbols and abbreviated terms 2

5 General c onditio ing test requir ements 2

5.1 General 2

5.2 Tes devic req irement 2

5.3 Tes devic sele tion 2

5.4 Conditioning ca inet r eq ir ements 3

6 Co ditioning materials 3

7 Co ditioning cabinet 4

7.1 General 4

7.2 Conditioning ca inet dimensions an cons ruction mate ials 4

7.3 Envir onment , temperatur e an r elative h midity 5

8 S fety is ues 6

9 Test metho 6

9.1 General

6 9.2 Conditioning pr oc d re 7

10 Qual ficatio 7

11 Repor ting r esults 8

A nne x A (informative)Hints for he lth and safety aspects for the use of IPA 9

Biblog raphy 11

ISO (he Int ernational Org nization for Stan ardization) is a worldwidefede ation of national s an ards

b dies (ISO membe b dies) The work of pr p ring Int ernational Stan ards is normaly car ied out

through ISO t ech ical committ ees Each membe b dy int er st ed in a subje t for w hich a t ech ical

committ ee has be n es a lshed has the right t o be r pr sent ed on that committ ee Int ernational

org nizations, g ove nmental an non-g ove nmental, in laison with ISO, also take part in the work

ISO cola orat es closely with the Int ernational Ele trot ech ical C mmis ion (IEC) on al matt ers of

ele trot ech ical s an ardization

The proc d r s used t o develo this document an those int en ed for it furthe maint enanc ar

desc ibed in the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 1 In p rticular the dife ent a pro al c it eria ne ded for the

dife ent ty es of ISO document should be not ed This document was draft ed in ac ordanc with the

edit orial rules of the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 2 ( e www.iso.org dir ctives)

A tt ention is drawn t o the p s ibi ity that some of the element of this document ma be the subje t of

p t ent right ISO shal not be held r sponsible for identifying any or al such p t ent right Detais of

any p t ent right identified d ring the develo ment of the document wi be in the Introd ction an / r

on the ISO ls of p t ent de larations r c ived ( e www.iso.org p t ent )

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenienc of use s an does not

cons itut e an en orsement

For an ex lanation on the meaning of ISO spe ific t erms an ex r s ions r lated to conformity as es ment,

as wel as information a out ISO’s adhe enc to the Wor ld Trade Org nization (WTO) principles in the

Te h ical Bar ie s to Trade (TBT) se the folowing URL: www.iso.org/ iso/for word.html

The committ ee r sp nsible for thisdocument is ISO/TC142, Clea in  eq ipment fr air a d othe  g ses

This f irs edition of ISO 1 8 0-4, t og ethe with ISO 1 8 0-1, ISO 1 8 0- 2 an ISO 1 8 0-3, canc ls an

r plac s ISO/TS 2 2 0:2 0 , w hich has be n t ech icaly r vised

ISO 1 8 0 consis s of thefolowing p rt , un e the g ene al title Air fite s fr gene al ventiatio :

— Part 1: Te h ic al s pec ific atio s, r q ir ment a d clas s ific atio  sys tem b sed u o  p rtic ulate mat e  

effic iency ( PM)

— Part 2 : Meas ur ment o frac tio al effic iency a d air flow r s i s ta c e

— Part 3 : Determin tio  o the grav imetric  effic iency a d the air flow r s i s ta c e ve s us the mas s o tes t 

dus t c aptur d

— Part 4 : Co ditio in  meth d to dete mine the minimum frac tio al tes t effic iency

The efe t of p rticulat e matt er (PM) on h man health have be n ext ensively s u ied in the p s

de ades The r sult ar that f ine d s can be a se ious health hazard, contributing t o or even causing

r spirat ory an cardio ascular diseases Dife ent clas es of particulat e matt er can bedef ined ac ording

t o the p rticle siz rang e The mos important ones ar PM

1 , PM

2,5

1 The U.S Environmental

Prot ection Ag ency (E A), the World Health Org nization (WHO) an the Euro ean Union def ine

PM

1

as particulat e matt er w hich p s es through a siz -sele tive inlet with a 5 % eff iciency cut-of

at 1 µm ae odynamic diamet er PM

2,5

1

ar simiarly defined Howeve , this definition is not

pr cise if the e is no furthe charact erization of the sampl ng method and the samplng inlet with a

clearly def ined sep ration curve In E ro e, the r fe enc method for the samplng an measur ment

of PM

1

is desc ibed in EN 1 341 The measur ment principle is b sed on the cole tion on a f ilt er of the

PM

1 fraction of ambient particulat e matt er an the gra imetric mas det ermination ( e EU Counci

Dir ctive 1 9 / 0/ECof 2 Apri 1 99)

As the pr cise def inition of PM

1 , PM

2,5

1

is q it e complex an not simple t o measur , publc

authorities, l ke the U.S E A or the Ge man Fede al Environmental Ag ency (Umwelt bu desamt),

inc easingly use in their publ cations the mor simple denotation of PM

1

as being the p rticle siz

fraction les or eq al t o 1 µm Sinc this deviation t o the a o e mentioned complex “off icial” def inition

does not ha e a significant imp ct on a f ilt er element’s p rticle r mo al efficiency, the ISO 1 89 se ies

r fe s t o this simpl f ied definition of PM

1 , PM

2,5

1

Particulat e matt er in thecont ext of theISO 1 8 0se ies desc ibes a siz fraction of the natural ae osol

(lq id an sold particles) suspen ed in ambient air The symb l ePM

x desc ibes the eff iciency of an air

cleaning devic t o p rticles with an o tical diamet er between 0,3 µm an x µm The folowing p rticle

siz rang es ar used in the ISO 1 89 se ies for the l st ed efficiency v lues

Table 1 — Optical particle diameter size rang es for the definition of the ef iciencies, e PM

x

ePM

1

0,3 ≤ × ≤ 0

ePM

2,5

0,3≤ × ≤ ,5

ePM

1

0,3≤ × ≤

Air filt ers for g ene al ventiation ar widely used in heating, ventiation an air-conditioning a plcations

of bui dings In this a plcation, air f ilt ers significantly influenc the in o r air q al ty an , henc , the

health of peo le, b r d cing the conc ntration of p rticulat e matt er To ena le design engine rs an

maint enanc pe son el t o cho se the cor e t f ilt er ty es, the e is an int er s from int ernational trade

an man facturing for a wel -defined, common method of t es ing an clas ifying air filt ers ac ording

t o their p rticle efficiencies, espe ialy with r spe t t o the r mo al of p rticulat e matt er Cur ent

r gional s an ards ar a plying t otal y dife ent t es ing an clas ification methods, w hich do not alow

any comparison with each othe , and th s hin e glo al trade with common prod ct Ad itionaly,

the cur ent in us ry s an ards ha e k own l mitations b g ene ating r sult w hich oft en ar far awa

from f ilt er pe formanc in se vic , i.e o e s ating the particle r mo al eff iciency of many prod ct

W ith this new ISO 1 8 0 se ies, a complet ely new a pro ch for a clas ification sy st em is ado t ed, w hich

gives bett er an mor meaningful r sult comp r d t o the exis ing s an ards

The ISO 1 8 0 se ies desc ibes the eq ipment, mat erials, t ech ical spe if ications, r q ir ment ,

q alf ications an proc d r s t o prod c the la orat ory pe formanc data an eff iciency clas if ication

b sed up n the measur d fractional eff iciency conve t ed int o a p rticulat e matt er efficiency (ePM)

r p rting sy st em

Air f ilt er element ac ording t o the ISO 1 8 0 se ies ar ev luat ed in the la orat ory b their a i ity t o

r mo e ae osol p rticulat e ex r s ed as the efficiency v lues ePM

1 , ePM

2,5

1 The air f ilt er

element can then be clas ified ac ording t o the proc dur s defined in ISO 1 8 0-1 The particulat e

r mo al eff iciency of the f ilt er element is measur d as a fu ction of the p rticle siz in the rang e of

0,3 μm t o 1 µm of the u lo ded an u con itioned f ilt er element as pe the proc d r s def ined in

ISO 1 8 0- 2 Aft er the initial p rticulat e r mo al eff iciency t es ing, the air filt er element is con itioned

ac ording t o the proc d r s def ined in this p rt of ISO 1 89 an the p rticulat e r mo al efficiency is

r peat ed on the con itioned filt er element This is done t o pro ide information a out the int ensity of

any ele tros atic r mo al me hanism w hich ma or ma not be pr sent with thef ilt er element or t es

The a e ag e eff iciency of the filt er is det ermined b calculating the mean betwe n the initial eff iciency

an the con itioned efficiency for each siz rang e The a e ag e efficiency is used t o calculat e the ePM

x

eff iciencies b weighting these v lues t o the s an ardiz d an normal z d particle siz dis ribution of

the r lat ed ambient ae osol fraction When comp ring f ilt ers t est ed in ac ordanc with the ISO 1 8 0

se ies, the fractional efficiency v lues shal alway s be comp r d among the same ePM

x clas (ex ePM

1

of f ilt er A with ePM

1

of filt er B) The t es d s ca acity an the initial ar es anc of a f ilt er element ar

det ermined as pe the t es proc d r s def ined in ISO 1 89 -3

A ir filters for g eneral ventilation —

Part 4:

This p rt of ISO 1 8 0 es a l shes a con itioning method t o det ermine the minimum fractional t es

efficiency

It is int en ed for use in conjunction with ISO 1 8 0-1, ISO 1 8 0- 2 an ISO 1 89 -3, an pro ides

the r lat ed t es r q ir ment for the t es devic an con itioning ca inet as wel as the con itioning

proc d r t o folow

The con itioning method desc ibed in this part of ISO 1 8 0 is r fe ring t o a t es devic with a nominal

fac ar a of 610 mm × 6 10 mm (24 inch × 24 inch)

ISO 1 8 0 (al p rt ) r fe s t o p rticulat e air f ilt er element for g ene al ventiation ha ing an ePM

1

efficiency les than or eq al t o 9 % and an ePM

1 eff iciency gr at er than 2 % w hen t est ed ac ording

t o the proc d r s def ined within ISO 1 8 0 (al part )

NOTE T e lower limit for this test proced re is set at a minimum ePM

1 eff iciency of 2 % since it wil b very

diff icult or a t est f ilter element b low this level to me t he statistical validity req irements of this proced re

Air filt er element out ide of this ae osol fraction ar ev luat ed b othe a pl ca le t es methods S e

ISO 2 46 (al part )

Fit er element used in p rta le ro m-air cleane s ar ex clu ed from the sco e of thisp rt of ISO 1 8 0

The pe formanc r sult o tained in ac ordanc with ISO 1 89 (al p rt ) can ot b themselves be

q antitatively a pl ed t o pr dict pe formanc in se vic with r g rd t o efficiency an lfetime

The r sult from this p rt of ISO 1 8 0 ma also be used b othe s an ards that define or clas ify the

fractional eff iciency in the siz rang e of 0,3 μm t o 1 μm w hen ele tros atic r mo al me hanism is an

imp rtant act or t o conside , for ex mple ISO 2 461

2 Normati ve r eferences

The folowing document , in w hole or in p rt, ar normatively r fe enc d in this document an ar

in ispensa le for it a pl cation F or dat ed r fe enc s, only the edition cit ed a pl es F or u dat ed

r fe enc s, the lat es edition of the r fe enc d document ( inclu ing any amen ment )a pl es

ISO 1 8 0-1, Air  fite s  fr  gene al  ventiatio   —  Part  1:  Te h ic al  s pec ific atio s,  r q ir ments  a d 

clas s ific atio  sys tem b sed u o  p rtic ulate mat e  effic iency ( PM)

ISO 1 89 - 2, Air fite s fr gene al ventiatio  — Part 2 : Meas ur ment o frac tio al effic iency a d air flow 

r s i s ta c e

ISO 1 8 0-3, Air fite s fr gene al ventiatio  — Part 3 : Dete min tio  o the grav imetric effic iency a d 

the air flow r s i s ta c e ve s us the mas s o  tes t dus t c aptur d

ISO 2 464, Clea in  eq ipment fr air a d othe  g ses — Te min lo y

3 Terms and definitions

F or the purp ses of thisdocument, the t erms an definitions given in ISO 2 464 an the folowing a ply

3.1

minimum fractio al test eficiency

fractional efficiency aft er a plying the con itioning method defined in this p rt of ISO 1 89

Not e 1t o entry: Also named as “ minimum f ilter eff iciency” or “ minimum test eff iciency”

Not e 2t o entry: Minimum fractional test eff iciency shal b me sured ac ording t o ISO 168 0-2

4 Symbols and abbr eviated terms

IPA iso ro y l alcohol ( iso ro anol)

MSDS mat erial safety data she t

5 General c onditioning test requirements

5.1 General

This proc d r is used t o det ermine the minimum t es eff iciency an t o t es w hethe the f ilt er fractional

eff iciency is depen ent on the ele tros atic r mo al me hanism This is ac omplshed b measuring the

r mo al efficiency of an u tr at ed f ilt er an the cor esp n ing eff iciency aft er con itioning

Many ty es of air filt ers r ly t o dife ent ext ent on the efe t of p s ive ele tros atic charg es on the

fibr s t o achieve highe p rticle r mo al eff iciencies, p rticularly in the initial s ag es of their working

l fe, at low r sis anc t o airflow

Ex osur t o some ty es of chaleng e, such as combus ion p rticles, f ine p rticles or oi mis in se vic

ma afe t the action of these ele tric charg es so that the initial eff iciency ma dro subs antial y aft er

an initial pe iod of se vic This dro in the fractional efficiency can be r d c d b a slght inc ease in

me hanical eff iciency from the col e tion of p rticles in the filtration media The amount of the dro

an the amou t of the inc ease can v ry b filt er ty e, se vic location an atmosphe ic air con itions

The proc d r desc ibed he e in ir ctly but q antitatively show s the ext ent of the ele tros atic charg e

efe t on the initial pe formanc on a ful siz f ilt er (measur d ac ording t o ISO 1 89 - 2) It in icat esthe

level of eff iciency o taina le with the charg e efe t r mo ed (or minimiz d b IPA v p ur con itioning)

an with no inc ease in me hanical efficiency It should not beas umed that the measur d con itioned

( discharg ed” eff iciency alwa s r pr sent r al lfe beha iour The tr atment of a f ilt er as desc ibed

in this part of ISO 1 8 0 ma afe t the s ructur of the f ibr matrix or chemicaly afe t the fibr s or

even fuly des ro the f ilt er medium Henc , thisproc d r ma not be a plca le t o al ty esof f ilt ers

If degradation shows a visual, phy sical chang e or a r sis anc t o airflow chang e of mor than 1 % but

minimum 1 Pa, this p rt of ISO 1 8 0 is not a plca le an the filt er cannot be clas ified ac ording t o

ISO 1 8 0-1

5.2 Test devic e r equirements

The t es devic shal be designed or marked so as t o pr vent incor e t mounting The complet e t es

devic (f ilt er an frame) shal be made of mat erial suita le t o withs an normal usag e an ex osur

t o therang e of t empe atur , h midity an cor osive environment lkely t o be encount er d in se vic

5.3 Test devic e selection

The t es devic shal be mou t ed in ac ordanc with the man factur r’ s r commen ations an ,

aft er eq i bration t o s an ard clmatic con itions, weighed t o the near s gram Befor s arting the

con itioning, the initial r sis anc t o airflow an initial fractional eff iciency shal be det ermined

ac ording t o the measur ment proc d r desc ibed in ISO 1 89 - 2

The t es devic shal be a ful siz filt er element with a nominal fac dimension of 610 mm × 6 10 mm

(24 inch ×24 inch) with a ma imum length (depth)of 7 60 mm (3 inch) If for any r ason dimensions do

not alow con itioning of a t es devic u de s andard t es con itions, as embly of two or mor smale

devic s of the same ty e or model is pe mitt ed, pro ided no leaks oc ur in the r sulting as embly F or

filt ers with a highe length or depth, the con itioning ca inet desc ibed in 7.1 can be scaled ac ordingly

The o e ating con itions of such ac es ory eq ipment shal be r corded

5.4 Conditioning cabinet r equirements

Critical dimensions an ar ang ement of the con itioning ca inet ar shown in the figur s of this

p rt of ISO 1 89 an ar int en ed as guides t o help cons ruct a con itioning ca inet t o me t the

pe formanc r q ir ment of this p rt of ISO 1 8 0 Al dimensions shown ar man at ory u les

othe wise in icat ed Unit shown ar in mm ( inch) u les othe wise indicat ed

The design of eq ipment not spe if ied ( inclu ing but not lmit ed t o the holding frame, IPA tra s,

con itioning ca inet sur ou dings and auxi iaries) is disc etionary, but the eq ipment shal ha e

adeq at e ca acity t o me t he pe formanc an health an safety r q ir ment desc ibed in Cla use 8

6 Conditioning mater ials

The lq id for the con itioning st ept o discharg e f ilt er media an eq alz ele tros atic surfac charg es

on the f ilt er fibr s is iso ro y l alcohol (IPA, commonly k own as iso ro anol or 2-pro anol) IPA is

plac d inside the conditioning ca inet t o ev porat e u ti the eq i brium of IPA v pour in ambient air is

r ached So lq id IPA wi l not be in contact with the filt er media

This part of ISO 1 8 0 does not claim t o tr at al pos ible r lat ed health an safety is ues It is the

r sp nsibi ty of the use of this part of ISO 1 8 0 t o take suita le measur s for the health and safety

prot ection of the s af befor a plying this method A dditionaly, the r sp nsible use shal take car

that off icial an leg l r gulations ar fuly r spe t ed

Iso ro anol (IPA) – formula: C

3 H

8 O

OH

|

Iso ro anol pro e ties:

Ignition t empe atur 6 8 K

Va our pr s ur 0,0 9 7 b r (at 2 8 K)/ 0,043 2b r (at 2 3 K)/ 0,08 4 b r (at 3 3 K)

To be calculat ed as folow s:

lo

1

B

+

w he e

C =− 7,474

NOTE 1 b r = 1 0 k a

Ex losion lmit ( in air) L we conc ntration lmit 2 % (v l.), Up e conc ntration lmit 1 % (v l )

b th at 2 3 K

F or the con itioning t es , IPA shal ha e a purity of minimum 9 ,5 %

7 Conditioning cabinet

The con itioning ca inet shal consis of a f ilt er holding chambe an one or two IPA tra holding

chambe s Each chambe ma ha e separat e do rs for se vic The filt er holding chambe shal alow

the ins alation of a ful siz f ilt er ( he t es devic ) in a wa that the filt er does not t ouch thecon itioning

ca inet wal s an alow s air/ a our t o p s arou d fr ely b dif usion The e shal be an o en air

p s ag e betwe n the IPA tra holding chambe an the filt er holding chambe t o guarant ee that the

mixtur of air an IPA v p ur can eq i brat e in the w hole con itioning ca inet v lume as easiy as

p s ible To make sur that t es devic s with non-rigid, self-sup orting s ructur s, l ke b g f ilt ers, ar

ins al ed in the pro e wa an ofe the ful media surfac t o the air/ a our mixtur , the f ilt er holding

frame is in a horizontal p sition an the t es devic is hanging ve ticaly (d s air side of the filt er t o the

t op, clean air side t o the b tt om of the chambe )

7.2 Conditioning cabinet dimensions and c onstr uction mater ials

The con itioning ca inet shal be made of s ainles or g lv niz d st eel IPA v p ur is dense than

air an can s ratify within the chambe , p s ibly causing al ar as of the f ilt er not t o be subje t ed t o

the conc ntration of IPA v p ur The efor , the p sitioning of seve al IPA tray s inside the IPA holding

chambe of the ca inet is adjac nt t o the f ilt er holding chambe , so that an eq al dis ribution of IPA

v p ur within theca inet is achieved q ickly

The con itioning ca inet shal be ca a le of containing a ful siz f ilt er with fac dimensions of

610 mm × 6 10 mm (24 inch × 24 inch) The ma imum length/depth of the t es devic shal be 7 60 mm

(3 inch) To alow the air t o pas fr ely arou d the t es devic b difusion, the out er f ilt er holding

chambe dimensionsshal be 7 0 mm × 7 0mm × 8 0 mm (2 ,5inch × 2 ,5 inch × 3 ,5 inch) Figur 1

show s ther commen ed siz an dimensions of the con itioning ca inet