Tiêu chuẩn iso 17892 6 2017

© ISO 2017 Geotechnical investigation and testing — Laboratory testing of soil — Part 6 Fall cone test Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques — Essais de laboratoire sur les sols — Partie 6 Essai de p[.]

Geotechnical investigation and

Part 6:

Reco n issanc et e ssais g ote h iques — Essais de la oratoire sur

le s sols —

Partie 6 : Essai de p n tration de cô e

Fir t edition

2 17-0

Refer ence n mb r

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

© ISO 2017, P blshed in Sw itz rlan

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F reword i v

Introduction v

1 Sc ope 1

2 Nor mati ve r eferenc es 1

3 Terms an definitions 1

4 Equipment 2

5 Test pr oc edure 4

5.1 Tes spe imen pr ep ration 4

5.2 Tes p int 5

5.3 Dete mination of fal cone penetr ation 5

6 Test results 7

6.1 Aver ag e penetration 7

6.2 Estimated u drained fal cone shear s r eng th 7

6.3 A dditional es imate of u drained fal cone shear str eng th 7

7 Test rep r t 7

7.1 Man atory r ep rting 7

7.2 Optional r ep rting 8

A nne x A (normative) Calbration, maintenanc e and checks 9

Biblog raphy

.11

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ele trot ech ical s an ardization

The proc d r s used t o develo this document an those int en ed for it furthe maint enanc ar

desc ibed in the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 1 In p rticular, the dife ent a pro al c it eria ne ded for the

dife ent ty es of ISO document should be not ed This document was draft ed in ac ordanc with the

edit orial rules of the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 2 ( e www iso org dir ctives)

A tt ention is drawn t o the p s ibi ity that some of the element of this document ma be the subje t of

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F or an ex lanation on the v lu tary natur of s an ards, the meaning of ISO spe if ic t erms an

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World Trade Org nization (WTO) principles in the Te hnical Bar ie s t o Trade (TBT) se the folowing

URL: www iso org iso / for word html

ISO 1 89 -6 was pr par d b the E ro ean C mmitt ee for Stan ardization (CEN) Te h ical C mmitt ee

CEN /TC 341, G eotechnic al in es tig tion a d tes tin , in cola oration with ISO Te h ical C mmitt ee

ISO/TC 1 2, G eotechnic s , in ac ordanc with the a r ement on t ech ical co pe ation betwe n ISO an

CEN (V ien a Agr ement)

This f irs edition canc ls an r plac s ISO/TS 1 8 2-6:2 04, w hich has be n t ech ical y r vised It also

incorporat es the Te h ical Cor ig en um ISO/TS1 89 -6:2 04/Cor 1:2 0

A l s of al p rt in theISO 1 89 se iescan be foun on the ISO websit e

This document co e s ar as in the f ield of g eot ech ical engine ring neve pr viously s an ardiz d

int ernationaly It is int en ed that this document pr sent bro d g ood practic throughout the world

an signif icant dife enc s with national document is not anticip t ed It is b sed on int ernational

practic ( e R efe enc [1])

Geotechnical investigation and testing — Laboratory

Part 6:

This document spe ifies a method of u drained s r ngth in ex t es ing of b th un is urbed an

r moulded spe imens of f ine grained soi s b thefal cone method

This document is a plca le t o the la orat ory es imation of u drained shear s r ngth of a soi t es

spe imen within the sco e of g eot echnical inves ig tions

In the fal cone t es , a cone is alowed t o fal with it tip t owards a soi spe imen, and the r sulting

penetration of the cone int o the soi is measur d The penetration v lues ar used t o es imat e the

un rained shear s r ngth The fal cone t es prod c s a complex shear in the t es spe imen, an does

not r pr sent eithe a ve tical tria ial compr s ion or a horizontal shear t es Howeve , this in ex t es

ma be cor elat ed t o some es imat e of u drained shear s r ngth det ermined in the la orat ory b othe

t es methods

As the t es is pe formed on a smal la orat ory spe imen, the r sult ma not a r e with la orat ory t es s

on larg er spe imens In ad ition, the t es spe imen ma not be ful y r pr sentative of the soi in it

natural s at e in the f ield;for ex mple, the t es spe imen ma not ha e f is ur s pr sent in s itu at a larg er

sp cing than the spe imen siz

The efor , for the a o e r asons, the t es can be r g rded as an es imation of u drained shear s r ngth,

rathe than a true measur ment of it

The ratio of the r moulded shear s r ngth t o the un is urbed shear s r ngth ma be used t o es imat e

the sensitivity of a soi spe imen Time-depen ent measur ment of the shear s r ngth ma be used t o

as es the thix otro ic r g in of s r ngth of a r moulded soi spe imen

NOTE T is document fulf ils the req irements of the strength in e testing of soils for g otech ical

investig tion an testing in ac ordance with EN 1 97– an EN1 97 –2

2 Normati ve r eferences

The folowing document ar r fe r d t o in t ext in such a wa that some or al of their cont ent

cons itut es r q ir ment of this document F or dat ed r fe enc s, only the edition cit ed a ples F or

un at ed r fe enc s, the lat es edition of the r fe enc d document ( inclu ing any amen ment ) a ples

ISO 1468 -1, G eotechnic al in es tig tio a d tes tin — Identific ation a d clas s ific atio o soi — Part 1:

Identific ation a d desc riptio

ISO 1 8 2-1, G eotechnic al in es tig tio a d tes tin — L b ratory tes tin o s oi — Part 1: Dete min tio

o wate c ontent

3 Terms and definitions

F or the purposes of this document, the folowing t ermsand definitions a ply

ISO an IEC maintain t erminolo ical data ases for use in s an ardization at the folowing ad r s es:

— IECEle tro edia: a aia le at ht p:/ www ele tro edia org

— ISO Onlnebrow sing plat orm:a ai a le at ht p:/ www iso org o p

3.1

fal co e undrained she r strength of undisturbed soi

c

f

u drained shear s r ngth ofan u dis urbed fine grained soi spe imen es imat ed b the fal cone method

3.2

fal co e undrained she r strength of remo lded soi

c

rc

un rained shear s r ngth of a r moulded f ine grained soi spe imen es imat ed b the fal cone method

S e Annex A for calbration r q ir ment for the eq ipment in this clause

4.1 C ne ap aratus

The a p ratus shal pe mit the cone t o be held f irmly initialy an t o be r leased ins antaneously t o fal

fr ely in the ve tical dir ction int o the soi spe imen

The a p ratus shal ha e a me hanism w hich alow s the cone t o be raised or lowe ed an adjust ed so

that he tip of the cone jus t ouches the surfac of the spe imen befor the cone is r leased

The cone a p ratus shal be eq ip ed with a method of measuring the penetration ac os the rang e of

at leas 4 mm t o 2 mm penetration Methods inclu e a l near scale alongside the shaf, or a cir ular dial

with a p int er ne dle or an ele tronic transd c r, in b th cases bearing on theup e en of the shaf If

the scale is designed for man al r ading, it shal be marked in inc ement of 1 mm or bett er

4.2 Fal c ones

A set of cones with cone angles of 3 ° or 6 ° an mas es ( i.e mas of cone plus shaf) co e ing a rang e

of p s ible shear s r ngths shal be used Ty ical ex mples of suita le fal cones ar given on Ta le 1

The e is l mit ed ex e ienc or v ldation of cones of alt ernative conf iguration, for ex mple, hea ie

than 40 g Alt ernat e cones should be used with caution

Table 1 — S t of fal co es - ty ical total mas es and tip angles

A 6 g 6 °cone is shown in Figur 1 as a ty ical ex mpleof such a cone

Figure 1 — Example of a fal cone

When penetration r adings ar taken from a lnear scale alongside the shaf, the e shal be a dis inct

in ex mark for r fe enc near the t opof each shaf w hich shal be clearly visiblew hen viewing the scale

The cones shal be made of or be co t ed with a cor osion-r sis ant mat erial such as s ainles st eel

or chromium, an should ha e smo th p lshed surfac s with an a e ag e rough es , R

a , of les than

0,8 μm C nes with significant wear or sc at ches shal be r plac d

The mas es of the cones, t og ethe with their shaf s, shal be within 1 % of the nominal mas an the tip

angles shal be within 0,2° of the nominal angles

The deviation from the g eometrical tip at man facturing, a, shal be les than 0,1 mm The ma imum

wear, b, shal beles than 0,3 mm ( e Figur 1)

The height of the conical tip, h, shal be gr at er than the ma imum penetration used in the measur ment

4.3 A nci lar y apparatus

— sample extru e ;

— wir cutt er;

— glas plat e and t ools t o trim u dis urbed spe imenswith flat an p ralel en s;

— t oolst o pr par a r moulded soi spe imen such asa sp tula an s raight edg e;

— suita le cup t o hold r moulded spe imens for t es ing, shal be made of a rigid non-cor odible

mat erial, with a b se p ralel t o the rim an at leas 5 mm in diamet er an 2 mm in depth;

— eq ipment as ne es ary t o det ermine wat er cont ent

5 Test pr oc edur e

5.1 Test specimen preparation

5.1.1 General

5.1.1.1 F r the es imation of the u dr ained shear streng th of u distur bed soi, the samples shal

be taken with a samplng method that yields u distur bed samples Howeve , useful in ex data can be

de ived fr om fal cone tests on othe samples pr oviding that the mois ur e content is r epr esentative of

field con itions an pos samplng dis ur banc is minimiz d Regar dles , the u dis ur bed la or atory fal

cone es imation corr esp n s to the curr ent tate of an intact soi spe imen

5.1.1.2 The time for s orag e of the soi samples an their s orag e con itions can afe t the tes r esult

d e to chang es in the sample, for example drying , ox idation or biolog ical pr oc s es, u les pr ecautions

ar e taken to minimiz this

5.1.2 Undistur bed specimen in sample tube

5.1.2.1 The tes shal be pe formed on a soi spe imen which is r epr esentative of the samplng depth

and fr om that p rt of the sample, which ac or ding to ex pe ienc of the p rticular samplng method is

leas dis ur bed

5.1.2.2 A ny dis ur bed mate ial at the to of the sample tube shal be ex tru ed an car efuly cut of

with the w ir e cutte in orde to lea ve a clean, fr esh and flat surfac for fal cone tes ing The req ired

amou t of sample to be cut of mainly depen s on the type of sample used

5.1.3 Extruded and/or trimmed undisturbed test specimen

5.1.3.1 A tes spe imen of the sample shal be pr epar ed with a diamete of at leas 5 mm an with

plane an p ralel en s The height of the tes spe imen shal be at leas 2 mm

5.1.3.2 The tes spe imen shal be plac d with one ofthe plane ends on a flat sur fac , e.g the glas plate

5.1.4 Remo lded specimen

5.1.4.1 The pos ible ex is enc of seams or la ye s (e.g san la ye s) or lenses of co rse soi shal be

noted If these ha ve be n r emo ed befor e test , this shal also be noted

5.1.4.2 Gra vel siz p rticles, shels, etc should be r emo ed, an if r emo ed, shal be noted an rep rted

5.1.4.3 The soi shal be thor oughly r emoulded in orde to br eak down the s ructur e of the soi

Remoulding should be car ied out b han , using a glas -plate or a cup an sp tula, taking car e to a void

air bub les being mixed into the sample Chang es to the wate content of the spe imen being r emoulded

shal be minimiz d Contin e the r emoulding pr oc s u til the consis ency of the sample c ases to

chang e, which ma y be che ked b the tes r esults

NOTE The rat e of bre k down of the initial soil structure depen s on the remoulding efort, on the ty e of

soil, on the natural water content of the test specimen ( he rate of bre k down inc e ses with inc e sing water

content)an on the electrolytic content of the pore fluid

5.1.4.4 The cup shal be fi ed w ith soi w ithout entr ap ing air, an the soi surfac shal be leveled

flush w ith the brim of the cup using the sp tula or a s raight edg e A ny surplus mate ial shal be carefuly

pr ese ved to minimiz any los of wate content

5.1.4.5 The remoulded tes spe imen should be tes ed dir ectly afe r emoulding an level ng of the

surfac Howeve if the thix tropic pr ope ties are to be as es ed, a se ies of tes spe imens should be

tes ed, each at a discr ete time inte v l afe remoulding

NOTE Aft er remoulding, a thix otropic strength inc e se g eneraly takes place T e thix otropic strength

inc e se has a considera le signif icance on the she r strength me sured in the t est, particularly for

montmorilonite an sensitive clays

5.2 Test points

5.2.1 F r multiple tests on an u distur bed spe imen, the tes p ints shal be dis ributed acr os the

sample surfac so that the r esult ar e u afe ted b othe tes p int and the pr oximity to the pe imete

of the sample No p rt of the cone which penetrates into the soi shal be close to the pe imete than

7 mm T e distanc betwe n the oute b u daries of the cone penetration in two tes p int shal be at

leas 14 mm

5.2.2 If tests ar e pe formed at multiple depths on an u distur bed sample s i in its sampl ng tube, a

leng th of the sample corr esp n ing to at leas 1,5 times the cone penetration shal be ex tru ed an the

pr otru ing p rt cut of with a w ir e cutte afe each test

5.2.3 F r ad itional fal cone measurement on r emoulded tes spe imens, the tes spe imen shal be

r e-mixed an leveled again afe each test , ad ing some of the pr ese ved sp re mate ial if ne es ary

5.3 Determination of fal c one penetration

5.3.1 T e spe imen or cupshal be plac d w ith its smo th an level surfac below the cone

5.3.2 With the cone locked in the raised p sition, the supp rting as embly shal be lower ed so that

the tip of the cone jus touches the surfac of the soi and so that slght lateral mo ement of the cup jus

mar ks the surfac of the soi ( e Fig ur e 2)

5.3.3 T e initial z r o penetration r eading of the devic shal be recorded

5.3.4 T e cone shal be r eleased promptly If the a p ratus is not fited w ith an automatic r elease an

locking devic , car e shal be taken not to jer k the a paratus d ring this o eration

5.3.5 T e penetration of the cone shal be dete mined at the moment the initial fal of the cone s o s,

and in any case not more than 2 s afe the cone r elease, and shal be r ecorded to the near es 0,2 mm or

bete C r eful o se v tion of the fal of the cone is es ential for the mos ac urate results

NOTE T e fal usual y consists of two components, an initial rapid fal u der the influence of gravity, which

is oft en complet e in the f ir t few secon s, folowed by a slower fal d e t o flow of soil arou d the cone or dilatancy

bringing water to, an hence lubricating the soil-cone interface