Tiêu chuẩn iso 12132 2017

© ISO 2017 Plain bearings — Quality assurance of thin walled half bearings — Design FMEA Paliers lisses — Assurance qualité des demi coussinets minces — AMDE à la conception INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO[.]

Plain bearings — Qualit y assurance

Paliers lisse s — Assura c q alité de s demi-co ssinet mince s —

AMDE à la co c ption

S con edition

2 17-0

Refer ence n mb r

ISO 1 1 2:2 17(E)

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F reword i v

Introduction v

1 Sc ope 1

2 Nor mati ve r eferenc es 1

3 Terms an definitions 1

4 Common potential faiure mo es, efects and causes for half be r ing shels 2

Biblog raphy 7

ISO (he Int ernational Org nization for Stan ardization) is a worldwidefede ation of national s an ards

b dies (ISO membe b dies) The work of pr p ring Int ernational Stan ards is normaly car ied out

through ISO t ech ical committ ees Each membe b dy int er st ed in a subje t for w hich a t ech ical

committ ee has be n es a lshed has the right t o be r pr sent ed on that committ ee Int ernational

org nizations, g ove nmental an non-g ove nmental, in laison with ISO, also take part in the work

ISO cola orat es closely with the Int ernational Ele trot ech ical C mmis ion (IEC) on al matt ers of

ele trot ech ical s an ardization

The proc d r s used t o develo this document an those int en ed for it furthe maint enanc ar

desc ibed in the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 1 In p rticular the dife ent a pro al c it eria ne ded for the

dife ent ty es of ISO document should be not ed This document was draft ed in ac ordanc with the

edit orial rules of the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 2 ( e www iso org dir ctives)

A tt ention is drawn t o the p s ibi ity that some of the element of this document ma be the subje t of

p t ent right ISO shal not be held r sponsible for identifying any or al such p t ent right Detais of

any p t ent right identified d ring the develo ment of the document wi be in the Introd ction an / r

on the ISO ls of p t ent de larations r c ived ( e www iso org p t ent )

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenienc of use s an does not

cons itut e an en orsement

F or an ex lanation on the v lu tary natur of s an ards, the meaning of ISO spe if ic t erms an

ex r s ions r lat ed t o conformity as es ment, as wel as information a out ISO’ s adhe enc t o the

World Trade Org nization (WTO) principles in the Te hnical Bar ie s t o Trade (TBT) se the folowing

URL: www iso org iso / for word html

This document was pr p r d b Te h ical C mmitt ee ISO/TC 1 3, Plain bearin s , Subcommitt ee SC 5,

Qu lt y a alys i s a d as s ura c e

This se on edition canc ls and r plac s the f irs edition (ISO 1 1 2:1 9 ), w hich has be n t ech icaly

r vised

FMEA (Faiur Mode an Efe t Analy sis) is a form of analytical method that helps t o define p t ential

defe t of the designed prod ct an t o el minat e these defe t at the s ag e of designing

FMEA is b sed on combining the ex e ienc g ined in practic in designing an o e ation of plain

bearings with the theory of pro a i ity

FMEA inc eases r la i ity an q alty of the prod ct in q es ion an that of it t echnolo y an also

r d c s the ex enses for t es ing the prod ct an for impro ing the t echnolo ical proc s

Syst ems for the implementation of a Design FMEA ar wel document ed elsew he e an ar out ide

the sco e of this document These sy st ems aid in the analy sis of complex designs, b th exis ing an

proje t ed

Plain bearing s — Quality assuranc e ofthin-wal ed half

This document gives guidelnes for the pr paration of a Design FMEA for thin-waled half bearings used

in machine y, e.g int ernal combus ion engines (he Proc s FMEA is the r sponsibi ity of the sup le )

It ls s thecommon p t ential faiur mode(), p t ential efe t (s) an p t ential cause( ) of faiur

The n me ical ev luation of risks in t erms of oc ur enc , seve ity an det ection can be spe if ic t o each

a plcation, man factur r an cust ome

Sinc they ha e t o be as es ed in each case, the n me ical data ar not inclu ed in this document

Gene al guidanc on s atis ical as es ment can be o tained from the r fe enc s

2 Normati ve r eferences

The folowing document ar r fe r d t o in the t ext in such a wa that some or al of their cont ent

cons itut es r q ir ment of this document F or dat ed r fe enc s, only the edition cit ed a ples F or

un at ed r fe enc s, the lat es edition of the r fe enc d document ( inclu ing any amen ment ) a ples

IEC 6 8 2, An lysis te ch iq es fr sys te mre lia i ty — Proce dur fr fiur mode a d e ffec ts a alysis (FMEA)

3 Terms and definitions

F or the purp ses of this document, the t erms an def initions given in IEC 60 1 and the folowing a ply

ISO an IEC maintain t erminolo ical data ases for use in s an ardization at the folowing ad r s es:

— IECEle tro edia: a aia le at ht p:/ www ele tro edia org

— ISO Onlne brow sing plat orm:a ai a le at ht p:/ www iso org o p

3.1

F aiure Mode and Ef ects Analy sis

FMEA

method of r la i ity analy sis int en ed t o identify p t ential faiur s w hich ha e significant conseq enc s

afe ting the sy st em pe formanc in the a plcation conside ed

3.2

Design FMEA

FMEA (3.1) car ied out b designe s w hen develo ing the prod ct

3.3

faiure mode

efe t b w hich a faiur is o se ved in the bearing

3.4

faiure ef ect

conseq enc of a fiur mode (3.3) on the bearing syst em an eq ipment con ition an o e ation

3.5

faiure cause

def iciency or defe t w hich causes a fiur mode (3.3)

4 Common potential fai ur e modes, efects and causes for half bearing shel s

The conne ting rod and main halfbearing shels of a machine ar only one p rt of an int egrat ed sy st em

inv lving the lubricating oi, the lubrication sy st em, the c ankshaf, the engine block, the con e ting

rodsan the half bearing shel s themselves Even the cy lin e head mat erial, b lt tight ening an cy lin e

head g sket mat erial ha e be n known t o influenc bearing pe formanc Henc , any conside ation of

int ernal combus ion engine bearing design shal inclu e al element of the sy st em not jus the half

bearing shels

Ta le 1 givesa ls of common p t ential bearing faiur modes an the efe t of bearing faiur t og ethe

with p s ible causes of faiur It is rar for faiur s t o be encou t er d uniq ely but rathe they ar

fou d in combination such that the actual initial faiur mode, an henc the causes, ma be diff icult t o

det ermine F aiur modes of the othe bearing syst em comp nent ar not inclu ed

Table 1 — Potential faiure modes of half be rings and their ef ects an causes

No

Pot ential fai ur

mode

Pot ential efe t of

fai ur

Pot ential cause of fai ur

Bearing -r lat ed Sy st em-r lat ed

1 F atigue

(se ISO 714 -1:2 0 ,

6.3)

R ed ced b aring

d ra ility an / r

b aring seizure

Contamination of oil by

fatigue de ris

E gine inoperative

Insuf icient b aring

diameter

Insuff icient b aring length

Incor ect material

selection (fatigue

resistance)

Localized overlo ding d e

to presence an location

of b aring fe tures (holes,

gro ves, etc )

Ex ces ive b aring

mat erial thick es

Ex ces ive overlay

thick es

Unsu ported b aring

are s

Incor ect specif ication of

cy lin er pres ures f iring lo d

Oil p mp capacity calculation

Insuff icient efective

journal length

Po r journal g ometry

(ovality,a ial form, lo ing)

Po r housing g ometry

(ovality,lo ing)

Insuff icient housing d namic

stifnes (cir umferential,

radial or a ial)

Ex ces ive oil temperature

an / r insuff icient oil co ling

Be ring sy stem

contaminated by foreign

particles or wear de ris from

other components

2 A ccelerated wear

(Insuff icient oil f ilm

thick es or de ris

contamination)

(se ISO 714 -1:2 0 ,

6.6 an 6.7.1)

R ed ced b aring

d ra ility an / r

b aring seizure

Noise

R ed ction of oil

pres ure

Insuff icient b aring length

Insuf icient b aring

diameter

Incor ect material

selection (wear

resistance,

emb d a ility)

Inap ropriate overlay

thick es (wear

resistance,

emb d a ility)

Po rly locat ed b aring

fe tures (holes, gro ves,

etc )

Inadeq ate oil gro ves

an holes

Incor ect b aring

thick es (inadeq ate

cle rance or ex ces ive

cle rance)

Incor ect b aring

thick es g ometry

(aper, ec entricity, etc )

Incor ect lubricant choice

Incor ect oil ad itive

specif ication

Po r oil an / r oil ad itive

sta ility

Po r lubricant su ply

(inadeq ate oil pres ure or

su ply capacity, driling

diameter t oo smal or

po rly positioned, etc )

A erated or “ po r q ality” oil

su ply (rough dril ings or

sharp b n s in lubrication

system, po r sump b f ling,

po r oil pick u , etc )

Inadeq at e oil f iltration

Insuff icient efective

journal length

Insuff icient journal diameter

Po r journal g ometry

(ovality,a ial form, lo ing)

Po r journal surface

t opo rap y ( f inish, lay, et c.)

Po r engine b lance

Po r housing g ometry

(ovality,lo ing)

Unsu ported b aring are s

Insuff icient oil

t emperature an / r

insuff icient oil co ling

Pot ential fai ur

mode

Pot ential efe t of

fai ur

Pot ential cause of fai ur

Bearing -r lat ed Sy st em-r lat ed

Contamination by wear

de ris from other

components

Ex ces ive ing sted de ris

Infreq ent oil an / r oil

f ilter chang intervals

Ex ces ive co lant

contamination

Ex ces ive contamination by

fuel an combustion prod cts

3 Ex ces ive wear an

s uf (over -he ting)

(se ISO 714 -1:2 0 ,

Clause 8)

R ed ced b aring

d ra ility an / r

b aring seizure

Incor ect b aring

thick es (inadeq at e

cle rance or ex ces ive

cle rance, po r b aring

b ck conforma ility with

housing)

Incor ect b aring

thick es g ometry

(aper, ec entricity, etc )

Po rly located b aring

fe tures (holes, gro ves,

etc )

Inadeq ate oil gro ves

an holes

Inadeq ate

cir umferentiallength

(inadeq ate int erference

f it)

Inadeq ate b aring b ck

contact

Incor ect material

selection (conforma ility,

compatibility)

Incor ect difusion b r ier

material

Ex ces ive diferential

ther-mal e pansion b tween

housing an b aring shel s

or housing an shaf (los

of int erference f it)

Incor ect journaldiamet er

(cle rance)

Po r journal g ometry

(ovality, a ialform, lo ing)

Unsuita le journal surface

topo rap y

Incor ect f ilet radius

g ometry

Incor ect housing diamet er

(interference f it)

Po r housing g eometry

(ovality, a ialform, lo ing)

Insuff icient housing

clamping (b lt)lo d

Po r lubricant su ply

(inadeq ate oil pres ure or

su ply capacity, driling

diameter , to smal or po r

-ly positioned, etc )

Ex ces ive oil drain down or

delayed oil su ply

Aerated or “ po r q ality” oil

su ply (rough dril ings or

sharp b n s in lubrif ication

system, po r sump b ff ing,

po r oil pick u , et c.)

Insuff icient “ ru ning -in”

Insuff icient a ial cle rance at

en s of b aring Table 1 (c ontin ed)

Pot ential fai ur

mode

Pot ential efe t of

fai ur

Pot ential cause of fai ur

Bearing -r lat ed Sy st em-r lat ed

4 Ex ces ive localized

wear

(se ISO 714 -1:2 0 ,

6.4 an Clause 8)

R ed ced d ra ility

R ed ced oil pres ure

Po rly locat ed b aring

fe tures (holes, gro ves,

etc )

Incor ect b aring

thick es g ometry (a ial

form, ec entricity, etc )

Incor ectly specif ied

int ernal chamfer ( f il et

ride)

Incor ectly specif ied

b aring b re relief

Incor ectly specif ied

locating tang (notch, lug

or nick)

Inadeq ate b aring b ck

contact

Insuff icient blen ing of

c an shaf oil dril ing int o

journal

Incor ect f ilet radius

g ometry

Insuff icient build cle nlines

Po r housing g ometry

(ovality,a ial form, lo ing)

Inadeq at e b aring housing

cap location

Po rly located housing

fe tures (holes, gro ves,et c.)

Insuff icient housing stifnes

(radial an a ial)

Incor ectly positioned

b aring tang pockets in

housing

Po r b aring alignment

(engine block alignment,

con ecting rod straightnes

or twist)

Ex ces ive of-set con ecting

rod lo ding

Po r journal g ometry

(ovality,a ial form, lo ing)

Po r c an shaf main journal

alignment

5 Damag e to the

b aring b ck

(se ISO 714 -1:2 0 ,

7.2 an 7.3)

R ed ced b aring

d ra ility an / r

b aring seizure

Con ecting rod

bre ka e

Inadeq ate

cir umferential length

(int erference f it)

Inadeq ate b aring b ck

contact

Exces ive diferential

thermal e pansion b

-twe n housing an b aring

shel s or housing an shaf

(los of int erference fit)

Incompatible housing

mat erial an b aring b ck

mat erial

Insuff icient housing d namic

stifnes (cir umferential,

radial or a ial)

Insuff icient housing

clamping (b lt)lo d

Incor ect housing diameter

(interference f it)

Unsu ported b aring are s Table 1 (c ontin ed)

Pot ential fai ur

mode

Pot ential efe t of

fai ur

Pot ential cause of fai ur

Bearing -r lat ed Sy st em-r lat ed

(se ISO 714 -1:2 0 ,

6.7.2)

R ed ced b aring

d ra ility an / r

b aring seizure

Inc e sed wear an /

or noise

Incor ect material

selection (po r

cor osion resistance)

Incor ect lubricant choice

Incor ect oilad itive

specif ication

Po r oil an / r oil ad itive

sta ility

Ex ces ive oil temperature

an / r insuff icient oil

co ling

Infreq ent oil chang e

intervals

Ex ces ive co lant

contamination

Ex ces ive contamination by

fuel an combustion prod cts

7 Cavitation erosion

(se ISO 714 -1:2 0 ,

6.8 an ISO 714 -2)

Po r cosmetic

ap e rance but not

normaly dama ing

on overlay plated

b arings

Cor osion of substrate

in e treme cases

Localized fatigue

failure in bimetal ic

b arings

R ed ced oil su ply or

pres ure

Subseq ent s oring,

in enting an

em-b dment by removed

lining mat erial

Incor ect b aring

calculation

Inadeq ate oil gro ve

chamfer

Inadeq ate “ ru -n”

gro ves

Ex ces ive cle rance

Incor ect gro ve positions

Inadeq ate gro ve detail

design

Incor ect material

selection

Incor ect lubricant choice

Po r lubricant su ply

(inadeq ate oil pres ure or

su ply capacity, driling

diameter , to smal or po r

-ly positioned, etc )

Aerated or po r “q ality” oil

su ply (rough dril ings or

sharp b n s in lubrication

system, po r sump b f ling,

po r oil pick u , et c.)

Vibration Table 1 (c ontin ed)

Bibl og raphy

[1] ISO 7 46-1:2 0 , Plain bearin s — Ap eara c e a d charac te i zation o dama e to metal c

h drody namic bearin s — Part 1: G ene al

[2] ISO 7 46- 2, Plain bearin s — Ap eara c e a d charac te i zation o dama e to metal c h drody namic

bearin s — Part 2 : Cav itatio e os io a d its c ou te meas ur s