Tiêu chuẩn tiêu chuẩn iso 05402 1 2017

© ISO 2017 Leather — Determination of flex resistance — Part 1 Flexometer method Cuir — Détermination de la résistance à la flexion — Partie 1 Méthode au flexomètre INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Second editi[.]

Leather  —  Deter mination  of flex  

Part 1:

Cuir — Déte mination de la résista c  à la fle xion —

Partie 1: Méth de a  fle xomètr

S con edition

2 17-0

Reference n mb r

ISO 540 -1:2 17(E)

IUL CS IUP 2 :2 17(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

© ISO 2017, P blshed in Sw itz rlan

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IULTCS IUP20:2017(E)

F reword i v

1 Sc ope 1

2 Nor mati ve r eferenc es 1

3  Terms and definitions 1

4  Principle 1

5  A pparatus and reag ents 1

6  S mpl n and sample pr eparation 3

7  Proc ed re .3

8 Test rep r t 5

A nne x  A  (informative)So rc es of apparatus 7

ISO (he Int ernational Org nization for Stan ardization) is a worldwidefede ation of national s an ards

b dies (ISO membe b dies) The work of pr p ring Int ernational Stan ards is normaly car ied out

through ISO t ech ical committ ees Each membe b dy int er st ed in a subje t for w hich a t ech ical

committ ee has be n es a lshed has the right t o be r pr sent ed on that committ ee Int ernational

org nizations, g ove nmental an non-g ove nmental, in laison with ISO, also take part in the work

ISO cola orat es closely with the Int ernational Ele trot ech ical C mmis ion (IEC) on al matt ers of

ele trot ech ical s an ardization

The proc d r s used t o develo this document an those int en ed for it furthe maint enanc ar

desc ibed in the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 1 In p rticular the dife ent a pro al c it eria ne ded for the

dife ent ty es of ISO document should be not ed This document was draft ed in ac ordanc with the

edit orial rules of the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 2 ( e www iso org dir ctives)

A tt ention is drawn t o the p s ibi ity that some of the element of this document ma be the subje t of

p t ent right ISO shal not be held r sponsible for identifying any or al such p t ent right Detais of

any p t ent right identified d ring the develo ment of the document wi be in the Introd ction an / r

on the ISO ls of p t ent de larations r c ived ( e www iso org p t ent )

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenienc of use s an does not

cons itut e an en orsement

For an ex lanation on the meaning of ISO spe ific terms an ex r s ions r lat ed to conformity as es ment,

as wel as information a out ISO’s adhe enc to the Wor ld Trade Org nization (WTO) principles in the

Te h ical Bar ie s to Trade (TBT) se the folowing URL: www iso org iso/ for word html

ISO 540 -1 was pr p r d b the P y sical Tes Commis ion of the Int ernational Union of Leathe

Te hnolo is s and Chemis s Societies (IUP C mmis ion, IULTCS) in cola oration with the Euro ean

Committ ee for Stan ardization (CEN) Te hnical Committ ee CEN /TC 2 9, Leathe , the se r tariat of

w hich is held b UNI, in ac ordanc with the Agr ement on t ech ical co pe ation betwe n ISO an CEN

(V ien a Agr ement)

IULTCS, originaly formed in 1 9 , is a world-wide org nization of profes ional leathe societies t o

furthe the adv nc ment of leathe scienc an t ech olo y IULTCS has thr e Commis ions, w hich

ar r sp nsible for es a l shing int ernational methods for the sampl ng an t es ing of leathe ISO

r co niz s IULTCS as an int ernational s an ardizing b dy for the pr p ration of t es methods for

leathe

This se ond edition canc ls an r plac s the firs edition (ISO 540 -1:2 1 ), w hich has be n t ech icaly

r vised

Subclauses 5.1, 5.1.1, 5.1.2, 7.2t o 7.6 ha e be n t ech ical y r vised

A l s of al p rt in theISO 540 se iescan be foun on the ISO websit e

IULT CS IUP20:2017(E)

Part 1:

This document spe if iesa method for det ermining the wet or dry flex r sis anc of leathe an f inishes

a pled t o leathe It is a pl ca le t o al ty esof flexible leathe below 3,0 mm in thick es

2 Normati ve r eferences

The folowing document ar r fe r d t o in the t ext in such a wa that some or al of their cont ent

cons itut es r q ir ment of this document F or dat ed r fe enc s, only the edition cit ed a ples F or

un at ed r fe enc s, the lat es edition of the r fe enc d document ( inclu ing any amen ment ) a ples

ISO 241 , Leathe — Chemic al,p ys ic al a d mecha ic al a d f s tnes s tes ts — S mpln loc atio

ISO 241 , Leathe — Ph s ic al a d mecha ic al tes ts — S mple pr p ratio a d c onditionin

ISO 3 9 , Wate  fr a aly tic al la orator y use — S ec ific atio  a d tes t meth ds

3  Terms and definitions

No t erms an def initions ar lst ed in this document

ISO an IEC maintain t erminolo ical data ases for use in s an ardization at the folowing ad r s es:

— IECEle tro edia: a aia le at ht p:/ www ele tro edia org

— ISO Onlne brow sing plat orm:a ai a le at ht p:/ www iso org o p

A t es pie e is folded with the surfac t o be t est ed inwards an clamped in an up e mo a le clampand

with the surfac t o be t est ed outwards in a lowe f ix ed clamp Movement of the up e clamp causes a

fold in the t es pie e t o run along it The t es pie e is ex mined pe iodicaly for damag e

5  A pparatus and r eag ents

5.1 Test machine, consis ing of a mo a le up e clamp, a fixed lowe clamp an a cou te as desc ibed

in 5.1.1 to 5.1.3an as shown in Fig ur e 1 an Fig ur e 2

5.1.1  Uppe clamp, consisting of a piv ting p ir of flat plates of 4 mm thicknes as shown in Fig ur e 1

The smal plat e (H) has the b sic sha e of a tra e ium but with a radiusof 2 mm at the acut e corne It

has a ledg e (G) t o sup ort the folded t es pie e The larg er plat e (I) has a sha e as shown in Figur 1

The clamp tight ening sc ew (F) tight ens the plat es t og ethe an also act as a st op t o pr vent the t es

pie e from being incor e tly p sitioned The design of the clamp should ensur that the two fac s of the

clamp r main p ralel w hen clamping the t es pie e The up e clamp is r ciprocat ed b a mot or a out a

horizontal a le, desc n ing through an angle (A) of (2 ,5 ±0,5) at a fr q ency of (1 0 ± 5) cycles /min

5.1.2  L wer clamp, fixed and lying dir ectly beneath (planar to) the uppe clamp an consis ing of a

p ir of flat plates (B an C) to hold thetes pie e

The p sition of the lowe clamp is such that the ve tical dis anc (D ) between the up e side of the

ledg e (G) of the up e clamp an the up e edg e of the f ix ed lowe clamp, w hen the up e clamp is

horizontal, is (2 ,0 ± 0,5)mm

5.1.3 C unter, to in icate the numbe of cycles

Dimensions in milimetr es

Key

A flex ing ang le (2 ,5 ± 0,5)°

B fix d part of fix d lower clamp

C mova le part of fix d lower clamp

D vertical positioning of fix d part of mova le u per clamp an fix d part of fix d lower clamp

E horizontal ax le (pivot point)

F clamp tig htening s rews

G ledg e (or testing of thick test pieces, the ledg e can b incr eased to mor e than 8 mm)

H smal part of u per clamp with ledg e (G)

I larg e part of u per clamp

Figure 1 — Uppe (mo able) and lower ( fix ed) clamp

5.2 Pres knife, conforming to the r eq ir ements of ISO 241 , the in e wal of which is a r ectangle

(7 ± 1)mm ×(45 ±1)mm

5.3  Mag nifier, with a mag nification of four to six times.

5.4 Desic cator, or othe ves el that can be ev cuated

5.5 Vacuum pump, ca a le of r ed cing the pr es ure in the desic ator to les than 4 k a

5.6  Distiled or  deionized water , conforming to the r eq irement of g rade3 of ISO 3 9

5.7  Glas  dishes, minimum diamete 1 0 mm an minimum depth 2 mm

5.8  Man rel, diamete 1 mm an minimum leng th 7 mm

5.9  Metal  cl p, 7 mm w ide, ca a le to fix a tes pie e bent ar ou d the man r el (5.8) with slght

str etch

5.10 Stereo micr osc ope, with a mag nification of 2 times

6  Sampl ng  and sample preparation

6.1 Sample in ac or danc with ISO 241 Fr om the sample, cut a minimum of four pie es for dry tes

and/ r four pie es for wet tes b a plying the pr es k ife (5.2) to the surfac to be tes ed Cut a minimum

of two tes pie es with the long edg e p r alel to the b ckb ne an two w ith the long edg e pe pen icular

to the b ckb ne

If the e is a r q ir ment for mor than two hides or skins t o be t est ed in one b t ch, then only one t es

pie e in each dir ction ne d be taken from each hide or skin, pro ided that the o e al t otal is not les

than thr e pie es in each dir ction

6.2 F r dry flex testing , con ition the tes pie es in ac or danc with ISO 241 an tes in the

con itioned atmosphere

6.3 F r wet flex tes ing , plac the tes pie es in a glas dish (5.7), ad suficient distiled or deioniz d

wate (5.6) to g ive a minimum depth of 1 mm, put the dish in the desic ator an r ed c the pr es ure to

below 4 k a for 2 min

R est or t o normal atmosphe ic pr s ur an r peat he pr s ur r d ction/r st oration twic R emo e

the t es pie e an r mo e ex ces wat er using blot ing pa e C r y out wet flexing without dela

NOTE It is not pos ible to clamp thick le ther in the u per clamp In such cases, the thick es of the test

piece is red ced for a ma imum length of 1 mm from one en only an this en inserted in the u per clamp,

even so the le ther is to stif to b tested by this method

7.1 Open the up e an lowe clamps (5.1.1an 5.1.2) so that the gap is at leas tw ic the thick es of

the tes pie e

7.2 T urn the motor u ti the lowe edg e of the up e clamp (5.1.1) is paralel to the up e edg e of

the fixed lowe clamp (5.1.2) as show n in Fig ur e 1 ( he p int at which the dir ection of r otation of the

horizontal ax le chang es)

7.3 F ld the tes pie e in half leng thwise, such that the two long edg es ar e br ought tog ethe exactly an

the gain surfac me t fac to fac Clamp the folded tes pie e as shown in Fig ur e 2 a) with the folded

edg e p ralel to, an p sitioned against , the ledg e an with the en of the tes pie e agains the s o

IULT CS IUP20:2017(E)

formed b the clamping scr ew It has to be ensur ed that the corne s of the tes pie e within the uppe

clamp ar e se ur ely fixed an can ot slp d ring the test

Key

a sample in u per clamp

b sample folded b ck

c sample fix d w ith two fing er in on u per clamp

d sample fuly clamped

Figure 2 — L ading  of the test piece

7.4 Draw the fr ee corne s of the tes pie e outwar d an downwar d ar ou d the clamp as shown in

Fig ur e 2 b) Bring the in e surfac s tog ethe an plac the fr ee en in the o ened lowe clamp

7.5 Pr es the tes pie e agains the oute surfac s of the up e clamp as shown in Fig ur e 2 c) It is

imp rtant to ensur e that the tes pie e is in contact w ith the 45° slo ing fac of the clamp T is ensures

that the lowe part of the tes pie e is pe pen icular to the lowe clamp Fix the tes pie e in this p sition

in the lowe clamp [se Fig ur e 2 d)]

NOTE 1 T e proced re ensures that no elong tion is ap lied to the test piece by clamping

NOTE 2 Fle ible (sof) materials wil show a direct contact of their b cking on the out er face of the u per

clamp For stifer materials, b lo ning of the materials in this are is u avoida le

7.6 Inspe t the ve tical orientation of the tes pie e (r ear edg e) If the r ear edg eisnot pe pen icular to

the lowe clamp, r epeat 7.4 an 7.5

7.7 Ru the machine for the r eq ir ed n mbe of flex cycles sele ted from the folowing ls :

— dry flex: 5 0; 1 0 0; 5 0 0; 1 0 0; 2 00 ; 2 0 0;5 0 0; 1 0 0 0;1 0 0 0; 2 0 0 0; 2 0 0 0 cycles;

— wet flex: 5 0;10 0; 2 5 0; 1 0 0;2 0 0; 2 00 ; 5 0 0 cycles

In ad ition t o the a o e inspe tion p int , r mo e the wet t es pie es from the machine eve y 2 0 0

cycles an ex mine them for spue befor r -wet ing (6.3)an r placing in the t es machine

NOTE Other inspection points are considered if req ired

The t es pie es should flex without ex ces ive bulging at the sides If they do not flex in this mode, inclu e

thisin the t es r p rt

7.8 Sto the tes machine an remo e the tes pie e F ld it along the long itu inal ax is an examine

visualy in g ood lght using the naked eye an with the mag nifie (5.3) Re or d any damag e in the flexed

ar ea, ig noring damag e in the clamped ar ea

If r q ir d t o ev luat e the int ensity of c acks, ben the t es pie e along the longitu inal a is arou d

the man r l (5.8) Str t ch the t es pie e sl ghtly with the fing ers or using a clp (5 9) Use the folowing

wording t o desc ibe the c acks:

— c acks: visible with naked eye;

— f ine c acks: visible with ma nif ie (5.3);

— mic o c acks: visible with mic osco e, 2 times ma nif ication (5.1 )

If r q ir d, cut through the flexed ar a t o as is identif ication of lo se leathe s ructur ; this wi l

damag e the t es pie e t oo seve ely t o alow furthe t es ing and is only t o be car ied out aft er the f inal

inspe tion

The damag e can inclu e the folowing:

a) chang e of shade (gr ying) of the finish f ilm without furthe damag e;

b) c acking or c azing of thefinish with the c acking ext ending through one or mor finish la e s; the

n mbe of c acksma be r p rt ed if it is feasible;

c) los of ad esion of f inish t o the leathe ;

d) los of ad esion between f inish co t ;

e) powde ing or flaking of thefinish co t ;

f) colour contras sshown b f inish c acking, powde ing or flaking

7.9 If r eq ir ed, r eplac the tes pie e in the clamps using the mar ks pr od c d b the clamps as a g uide

to ensure that he tes pie e is r eturned to its orig inal p sition in the clamps

7.10 Restart the machine and contin e to the nex t r eq ir ed n mbe of cycles Repeat the inspe tion

g iven in 7.8

7.11 Repeat s eps 7.9 an 7.1 if r eq ired for othe n mbe s of flex cycles

NOTE T e actual n mb r of cycles chosen wil depen on the specif ication, the en use of the le ther an the

e pected performance

7.12 If only one tes pie e shows slght damag es in final inspe tion, r epeat the tes with a new set of

minimum of four tes pie es In the case that al of the ad itional tes pie es p s the tes without any

damag e, r ep rt as final r esult “ no damag es”, othe w ise, r eport the ev luation of the wors tes pie e

8 Test r eport

The t es r p rt hal inclu e the fol owing:

a) a r fe enc t o this document, i.e ISO 540 -1:2 17 ;

b) w hethe the leathe was t est ed wet or dry;

c) then mbe of flex cycles an damag e is r p rt ed for the wors t es pie e;

d) thes an ard atmosphe e used for con itioning an t es ing as given in ISO 241 ;

e) any deviations from the method spe if ied in this documen

IULT CS IUP20:2017(E)

f) ful detais for identif ication of the sample an any deviation from ISO 241 with r spe t t o

samplng