5 Wish Clauses Mệnh đề ao ước *** Future wish S + wish + S + would / could + Verb ( bare inf ) *** Present wish S + wish + S + were (not) / Verb (cột 2 / ed) / didn’t verb (bare infinitive) *** Past w[.]
Trang 15 Wish Clauses : Mệnh đề ao ước.
*** Future wish : S + wish + S + would / could + Verb ( bare inf )
*** Present wish :
S + wish + S + were (not) / Verb (cột 2 / ed) / didn’t verb (bare infinitive)
*** Past wish : S + wish + S + Had (not) + Verb (pp)
Examples: 1 He will get there by motorbike I wish he
wouldn’t get there by motorbike.
2 I can’t speak English fluently I wish I could
speak English fluently
3 My friends don’t take part in the game I wish my friend took part in the game.
4 I didn’t know that Alice was ill I wish I had
known that Alice was ill.
6 Clauses of reason /concession phrases of reason /concession: Mệnh
đề chỉ lí do / sự nhượng bộ
cụm từ chỉ lí do / sự nhượng bộ Because / although / though … Because of / In spite of /
despite
*** S + be + adj Possessive + noun
*** The / possessive +N+ be + adj The / possessive + adj + N
*** S + V (tenses ) + … ( Possessive ) + ( not ) +
V-ing
* Nếu 2 mệnh đề nối với nhau bằng “BUT” Khi viết lại câu với Although / though, ta chỉ cần bỏ “BUT” rồi đưa although / though vào mệnh đề đầu
( Clauses and phrases of reason /concession ) Adjective
Noun
Tired
Tiredness
Sick
Sickness
Ill
Illness
Late
Lateness
Kind
Adjective Noun
Important Importance Different
Difference Absent Absence Honest Honesty Difficult
Difficulty Poor Poverty Noisy The noise Invent The invention of
Trang 2Kindness Lazy
Laziness Sad
Sadness Dark
Darkness
Examples: 1 Because he is lazy , he often gets bad marks
Because of his laziness , he often gets bad marks
2 Because the husbands were absent, women went to work in
factories
Because of the absent husbands ,women went to work in
factories
Because of the husbands’ absence , women went to work in
factories
3 Although she didn’t ask him, he helped her
In spite of her not asking him , he helped her.
4 It was raining heavily, but the boys were playing football.
Although/though It was raining heavily,the boys were playing football
7 Comparision of Adjectives and Adverbs: Câu so sánh
*** Equal Comparisions:
S + V + as / so + adj / adv + as + noun / pronoun.
*** Unequal Comparisions: Short adj / adv + er
S + V + + than +
noun / pronoun
More + long adj / adv
*** Superlatives: Short adj / adv + EST
S + V + the + +
( prepositional phrase )
Most + long adj / adv
*** Double comparations: so sánh kép : Càng … càng
* The + short adj / adv + er + S + V, The + short adj / adv + er + S
+ V
* The more + long adj / adv + S + V, The more + long adj / adv + S
+ V
Notes : 1 Good / well better the best
2 Bad / badly worse the worst
Trang 33 Many / much more the most
4 Little less the least
5 Far further/farther (Khoảng cách) the
further/farther (Khoảng cách)
Examples: 1 Mary is certainly more intelligent than her sister
Mary’s sister is certainly not so intelligent as Mary / her.
2 You don’t speak English as fluently as she She speaks
English more fluently than you (do).
3 Today is not sunny as yesterday Yesterday is
sunnier than today.
4 I know him better than you You don’t know
him so well as me
5 Nobody in the team plays football so well as Tom.
Tom is the best football player in the team.
6 The sooner you leave, the earlier you will arrive.
7 The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel.
8 Reported speech: Câu tường thuật
*** Các dạng câu chuyển gián tiếp:
1 Câu mệnh lệnh,yêu cầu:
* Câu mệnh lệnh,yêu cầu có các dạng:
(please)?”
=>S+ told / asked/warned(cảnh báo) / begged (cầu xin) / ordered (ra lệnh) / reminded(nhắc nhở) + O + (not) toV…
Ex: “Listen carefully” The teacher said to us => The teacher
told/asked us to listen carefully
-“Don’t make noise, Jim” The perfect said => The perfect ordered Jim not to make noise
-“Would you mind putting out your cigarette?” said a woman
=>A woman reminded me to put out my cigarette
*Câu yêu cầu với động từ tường thuật “asked” có dạng:
Khi chuyển gián tiếp ta áp dụng công thức: S+ asked (+O) + for + st +
…
Trang 4Ex: In the café, the man said: “I’d like a cup of tea”
=>The man asked for a cup of tea
Trang 5…….