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WRITING 1 WRITING 3 TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC DUY TÂN KHOA NGOẠI NGỮ BỘ MÔN ANH VĂN KHÔNG CHUYÊN GIÁO TRÌNH VIẾT 3 WRITING Level 3 ĐàNẵng, năm 2013 LƯU HÀNH N ỘI BỘ 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Table of contents Cha[.]

WRITING 3 TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC DUY TÂN

KHOA NGOẠI NGỮ

BỘ MÔN: ANH VĂN KHÔNG CHUYÊN

GIÁO TRÌNH VIẾT 3 WRITING - Level 3

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page Table of contents

Lesson 1: Adjective Clauses (Who, What, Which- as the Subject) 3 Lesson 2: Adjective Clauses 2 (Who, What, Which- as the Object) 9 Lesson 3: Adjective Clauses 3 (Whose + Quantity & Quality) 14

Lesson 15: Developing key ideas by giving reasons and examples 63

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CHAPTER 1 WRITING SENTENCES

Lesson 1: Adjective Clauses 1

(Who, What, Which - as the Subject) Lesson 2: Adjective Clauses 2

(Who, What, Which - as the Object) Lesson 3: Adjective Clauses 3

(Whose + Quantity & Q uality) Lesson 4: Noun Clauses

Lesson 5: Passive Voice

Lesson 6: Review

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LESSON 1: ADJECTIVE CLAUSES 1 (WHO, WHAT, WHICH- AS

THE SUBJECT) A-LANGUAGE FOCUS

A relative pronoun can be the subject of its own clause

 Subject Relative Pronouns: who, which, that

American football, which is the most popular sport In the UnitedStates, began at

HarvardUniversity

In this pattern, who, which, and that can be either singular or plural Make the verb agree with the

antecedent

I have not read the magazine that is lying on the coffee table

(The verb is lying is singular to agree with the singular antecedent magazine.) I

have not read the magazines that are lying on the coffee table

{The verb are lying is plural to agree with the plural antecedent magazines.) 

Adjective clauses are either restrictive (necessary) or nonrestrictive (unnecessary)

Restrictive (necessary): no commas

The professor who teaches my biology class won a Nobel Prize two years ago

Nonrestrictive (unnecessary): commas

Professor Jones, who teaches my biology class, won a Nobel Prize two years ago Thefollowing examples show you how to combine two sentences to make a new sentence

containing a subject pattern adjective clauses

For People

Restrictive

who, that

People save time and energy They use microwave ovens

People who use microwave ovens save time and energy People that use microwave ovens save time and energy

Ovens are capable of cooking food quickly They use microwave energy Ovens

that use microwave energy are capable of cooking foods quickly

- You may delete the relative pronoun and the be verb when:

1 they are followed by a prepositional phrase

Ex1: The man who is in the house is my father

 The man in the house is my father

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Ex2: The books that are on the desk are mine

 The books on the desk are mine

2 the main verb in the relative clause is progressive

Ex1: The man who is swimming in the lake is my father

The man swimming in the lake is my father

Ex2: The books that are lying on the floor are mine

 The books lying on the floor are mine

3 the main verb in tenses

Ex1: People who buy lottery tickets are often found at bingo

 People buying lottery tickets are often found at bingo

Ex2: The bus which leaves at 6:03 was late today, so I caught the 6:08 one for downtown

 The bus leaving at 6:03 was late today

B-LANGUAGE PRACTICE

1 Combine the two sentences Add commas if necessary

1) She loves books (the books have happy endings)

She loves books which/that have happy endings

2) They live in a city (the city is in the north of England)

They live in a city which / that is in the north of England

3) The man is in the garden (the man is wearing a blue jumper)

The man which/ that is wearing a blue jumper is in the garden

4) Anyone must have a logical mind He or she wants to be a computer programmer

Anyone who wants to be a computer programmer must have a logical mind

5) Foreigners also have difficulty with English spelling English spelling is not always consistent with its pronunciation

6)Foreigners also have difficulty with English spelling which /that is not always consistent with its pronunciation

7) The fruit is on the table which The fruit isn’t fresh

The fruit is on the table which isn’t fresh

8) While he lectured, he showed us a slide The slide diagrammed the double helix structure of DNA While he lectured, he showed us a slide that / which diagrammed the double helix structure of DNA

9) Words in English are often difficult for foreigners to pronounce They begin with the consonants Words in English that begin with the consonants are often difficult for foreigners to pronounce

2 Reduce the relative clauses

1.The man who is standing there is a clown

The man standing there is a clown

2.The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it

The envelop lies on the table has no stamp on it

3.Benzene, which was discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes and explosives

Benzene, discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes and explosives

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4.My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house

My grandmother, being old and sick, never goes out of the house

6.The student don’t know how to do exercise which were given by the teacher yesterday

The student don’t know how to do exercise given by the teacher yesterday

7.Joggers who will run in the marathon should get to the stadium early to warm up

Joggers running in the marathon should get to the stadium early to warm up

8.A person who does at least 30 minutes of exercise a day will feel better

A person doing at least 30 minutes of exercise a day will feel better

4.The women who are trying to reach an

agreement try to reach an agreement

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Picture 3

II Tactic Practice

1 Put the words in the correct order

holding/ who is

Some people are listening to the man who is holding a pen

making

The man who is on the left is making a presentation

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2 Make sentences about the pictures with the suggested words

1 stand/ wall/ conversation The man and the woman who are conversing together are standing

beside the wall

3 building/ locate/ river the houses which are

building on the side of the river are beautifully

located

2 wait/ want/ line

The people who are waiting to buy are lining up in a line

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III.Test Practice

In this part of the test, you will write ONE sentence that is based on a picture With eachpicture, you will be given two words or phrases that you must use in your sentence You can

change the forms of the words and you can use the words in any order

water/ boat map/ look

1 The boat which is on the water is a yacht 2 The people who are sitting in their car looking at the map

Hat / the same

3 The hats which are on the table are the same

stand/ across

4 The man who standing across is looking at the woman

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LESSON 2: ADJECTIVE CLAUSES 2 (WHO, WHAT, WHICH- AS

THE OBJECT) A-LANGUAGE FOCUS

A relative pronoun can be an object in its own clause

Object Relative Pronouns whom,

which, that,

O S V

0 (no pronoun)

The address that he gave me was

Note: You can omit that in object pattern clauses only

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Ex: The address (that) he gave me was incorrect

The following examples show you how to combine two sentences to make a new sentence containing an object pattern adjective clause

The professor Dr White is an ecologist You met Dr.White in my office

you should see is chair of the English Department

Dr White, whom you met in my office, is an ecologist

For Animals and Things

Restrictive

that, 0

The book was written in German The professor translated the book The

book that the professor translated was written in German

The book the professor translated was written in German

Nonrestrictive

which

Environmental science is one of the most popular courses in the college

Dr White teaches environmental science

Environmental science, which Dr White teaches, is one of the most

popular courses in the college

B-LANGUAGE PRACTICE

1 The movie was interesting We went to it

 the movie to which we went to it was interresting

2 I met the people You told me about them

 I met the people about whom you told me

3 I couldn’t understand the woman I talked to her on the phone

 I couldn’t understand the woman to whom I talked on the phone

4 I want to tell you about the party I went to it last night

 I want to tell you about the party to which I went last night

5 The music was gentle We listened to it last night

 The music to which we listened last night was gentl

6 Alice likes the foreign family She is living with them

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 Alice likes the foreign family with whom she is living

………

7 The market has refresh vegetables I usually go to it

 The market to which I usually go has refresh vegetables

8 The man is over there I told you about him

 The man is over there about whom I told you

9 The film is fantastic They are talking about it

 The film about which they are talking is fantastic

10 She’s the nurse We gave the flowers to her

 She’s the nurse to whom we gave the flowers to her

11 We are speaking to the man The man was our new history teacher

 The man to whom we are speaking was our new history teacher

12 The teacher is Mr Pike We studied with him last year

 The teacher with whom we studied last year is Mr Pike

13 We are very interested in the problem It has been discussed in class

 We are very interested in the problem which has been discussed in class

14 Lung cancer is very dangerous Million of people died of it

 Lung cancer of which million of people died is very dangerous

15 I like standing at the window I can see the park from the window

 I like standing at the window from which I can see the park

2 The cookie plate that the boy is trying to reach looks ………

Picture 2

3 They are talking about the food that they ……… for lunch

4 The lunch that they are eating is

………

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Picture 3

II Tactic Practice

1 Reorder the words to complete

1 clothes/ he/ The/ dirty/ which/ put/ basket/ in/ the/ are

the clothes which he put in the basket are dirty

2 The/ needs/ clothes/ wash/ that/ he/ to/

basket/ are/ in/ the

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The clothes that he need to wash are in the

basket

3 The man/ is/ bicycle/ fixing/ often/

the/ that /he/ uses

The man is fixing the bicycle that he often uses

4 The bicycle/ yesterday/ fixing/ that/ broke down/ they/ are

The bicycle that they are fixing yesterday broke down

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Picture 3

woman/ is/ for

The woman that is driving the car is waiting for the trafic

she/ wait

The woman that has to wait the traffic looks bored

2 Make sentences about the pictures with the suggested words

1 gloves/ warm/ that 3 grandmother/ lucky money/ give

1 The gloves that the woman is wearing are warm 3 The grandmother is holding lucky money which she is giving her grandchildren

2 Christmas/ party/ happy They are joining the Christmas party that they are very happy.

III Test practice

In this part of the test, you will write ONE sentence that is based on a picture With eachpicture, you will be given two words or phrases that you must use in your sentence You can change

the forms of the words and you can use the words in any order

The street that lots os worker are repairing has not been done The skirt at which the girl is looking is

a cheap skirt

2 The tree which two people are decorating looks colorful 4.The building in which people are living is

a modern building

3 buy/ car

6 volunteer/ teach

3 The red car that the salesperson introduces is bought by the couple 6.The volunteer who is teaching the boy looks kind.

LESSON 3: ADJECTIVE CLAUSES 3 (WHOSE +

QUANTITY & QUALITY) A-LANGUAGE FOCUS

1 Possessive pronoun “whose”

In possessive adjective clauses, the relative pronoun whose replaces a possessive word such as Mary’s, his, our, their, the company’s, or its Possessive adjective clauses can follow the subject

or the object pattern

In the subject pattern, the whose + noun phrase is the subject of the adjective clause In the objectpattern, the whose + noun phrase is the object in the adjective^ clause Notes

1. Some writers feel that whose should be used to refer only to people For animals and things, they recommend using of which Compare:

I returned the book whose cover was torn

I returned the book, the cover of which was torn

Other writers use whose in all but the most formal writing (such as legal documents)

2. When whose + noun is the subject of an adjective clause, the verb agrees with that noun

She takes care of two children whose mother works at night

(The verb works is singular to agree with mother.)

She takes care of two children whose parents work at night

(The verb work is plural to agree with parents.)

2 Phrases of quantity and quality

A relative pronoun can occur in phrases of quantity and quality

Quantity Relative Pronouns some of whom

all of whom

each of which

both of

which,etc

He gave two answers, both of which were correct

The top students, all of whom graduated with honors, received scholarships

Quality Relative Pronouns the best of whom

the oldest of whom

the most important

Rewrite the sentences

1 Nam is the boy with black curly hair

> The boy

2 The man seems very lonely because his wife and children are away > The man

3 I went to 2 telephone boxes but they were both out of order

> I went worked

4 The city has sixteen schools Two of them are junior colleges

-> The city has sixteen schools, two of ………

5 Last night the orchestra played three symphonies One of them was Beethoven’s Seventh -> ………

6 I tried on six pairs of shoes I liked none of them

2 The woman whose baby

……… has a flat tire

II Tactic Practice

1 Reorder the words to make a meaningful sentence

Picture 1

trying/ it/ upstairs

3 The man/ standing/ is cooking/ whose/ next to/

family/ is/ him

………

………

4 The man/ is/ both of them/ cooking/ wife/ and/ next to/ daughter/ with/ his/ are standing/ him ………

………

Picture 3 5 The man/ cleaning/ whose friend/ is sleeping/ is/ the wall ………

………

6 The/ husband/ woman/ resting/ is/ cleaning/ whose/ is ………

………

2 Make sentences about the pictures with the suggested words 1 read/ interest/ whose 3 hands/ men/ stand ………

………

………

………

… ………

………

…

2 women/ both/ cheap

………

………

………

III Test practice

In this part of the test, you will write ONE sentence that is based on a picture With eachpicture, you will be given two words or phrases that you must use in your sentence You can change

the forms of the words and you can use the words in any order

LESSON 4: NOUN CLAUSES A-LANGUAGE FOCUS

A noun clause is a dependent clause that functions as a noun A noun clause is often part of an

independent clause, where it can be a subject or an object

What the newspaper reportedwas incorrect

Subject

People once believed that the world was flat

Object

A noun clause can also follow certain adjectives and nouns

We were happy that the semester was over

Adjective

Who first challenged the belief that the world was flat?

Noun

There are three kinds of noun clauses:

1. that clauses, which begin with the word that

2. if/whether clauses, which begin with the words whether or if

3. question clauses, which begin with a question word, such as who, what, where, when, or how

1.That clauses

2 If/ whether clauses

too bad: quá tệ

a pity: một điều đáng tiếc

true: thật, đúng

clear: sạch

unfortunate : thật không may

1 Tim hasn’t been able to make any friends

2 Write if-clause and question clauses

1 How much does this book cost?

b-Picture 1 Picture 2

1 He knows how to play golf 3 The girl knows that she has to practise regularly to pass this exam

2 That he can play golf is

what……… Picture 3

5 The girl is practising what she has just leamt

………

6 It is obvious that the girl can play piano

II Tactic Practice

1 Reorder the words to make a meaningful sentence

Picture 1

1.They/how/ are/ asking/ car/ much/ the/ is

They are asking how much the car is

2 They/ whether/ car/ wonder/ they/ buy/ should/ the

………

………

Picture 2

3 They/ the/ tree/ know/ decorate/ how/ to

They know how to decorate the tree

4 It/ is/ spring/ apparent/ coming/ that/ the/ is

It is apparent that the spring is coming.

Picture 3

the

The workers are doing what can to fix the road

They don’t known when can finish their work

2 Make sentences about the pictures with the suggested words 1 heavy/ lift/ athletic 2 look/ what/ man

III Test practice

In this part of the test, you will write ONE sentence that is based on a picture With eachpicture, you will be given two words or phrases that you must use in your sentence You can change

the forms of the words and you can use the words in any order

1 focus/ study 2 look/ say

1 it is a fact that the man is focusing on his study

2 that the girl is not looking at her mother while she is saying is obvious

3 the man ss showing the woman how she should do the task