Travel to Washington potx

Download free ebooks at bookboon.com5 A visit to Washington www.washington.org Washington is the capital of the USA and was from the beginning planned to be grand and imposing in true

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Download free ebooks at bookboon.com

Translation: Rikke Christoffersen

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ISBN 978-87-7061-306-4

1st edition

Pictures and illustrations in this book are reproduced according

to agreement with the following copyright owners :

Eva Lis Petersen, Gorm Albeck & Brian McMorrow.

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A visit to Washington

www.washington.org

Washington is the capital of the USA and was

from the beginning planned to be grand and

imposing in true American style The magnificent

architecture, the many memorials and the

outstanding quality of the museums are unequalled

anywhere else in the world Many of the buildings

and sites are known across the globe because of

their recurring appearances in American television

broadcasts The National Mall, the White House

and Capitol, for instance, have all featured in

thousands of television news reports Visitors

therefore often experience a sensation of

familiarity when they explore Washington All of

Washington's museums are outstanding in their

individual fields

They are also all part of the Smithsonian Institution The exhibitions reflect that a lot of time and effort have been put into them For a large city, Washington is lovely green The Potomac River runs through the city centre, and you can take a short journey by boat to the old town of Alexandria, which has an air of past times Old and new, large and small, Washington simply has it all

Enjoy your holiday!

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Historical outline

In 1751, the Maryland Assembly decided to

establish a new town at the shores of the Potomac

River A plot of land was consequently bought

from two landowners, George Beall and George

Gordon, and the town was accordingly named

Georgetown The land was divided into 80

building plots

America declared independence from Britain in

1776, and in 1790, the American President had to

select a location east of the Potomac River for a

new federal capital The following year, America’s

first president, George Washington, chose an area

that was located partly in Maryland (now the

District of Columbia) and partly in Virginia

(Alexandria) The project of planning a new capital

was entrusted to the French engineer, Pierre

Charles L'Enfant He was to develop an overall

plan for the town centre and the public

administration L’Enfant presented his plans in

1791, but they were rejected and L’Enfant was

dismissed the following year

In 1800 Philadelphia was stripped of its function

and title as the capital city, and the newly founded

town, which in the meantime had been renamed

Washington, became the new capital The

population was 15,000 at the time

In 1802 Washington gained municipal rights, and

the first electoral laws were passed The town's

first mayor was not elected directly, but was

appointed by the president

Although independence from the British had been

declared, there were still occasional disturbances,

and in the war of 1812, Washington fell under

attack Many buildings burned to the ground,

including the Capitol, but the conflict was

short-lived Prior to the attack, President James Madison

had fled the town together with the federal troops

New laws for the capital were introduced in 1820 The people of the town were now able to elect their mayor The city boundaries within the District of Columbia were finally established in

1846 In that connection, the District of Alexandria was given back to the State of Virginia

The Smithsonian, Washington's largest cultural institution and a complex for research and museums, was founded in 1846 Since then, the collections of the individual institutions have gradually been expanded and new museum buildings have been built During the American Civil War, Washington found itself situated almost

on the border between the Northern and the Southern States The latter had established their own capital in nearby Richmond In 1862, whilst the Civil War was still being fought, slavery was abolished in the Washington region Two years later, the Southern States launched an attack on the town It was the only battle at which the President of the Northern States, Abraham Lincoln, was present After the war, Washington once more became the capital for the United States of America The Civil War triggered a growing number of people to move to Washington, which - despite its status as capital - had been a relatively small town The population continued to grow after the war, and many of Washington’s most impressive buildings were built during the following decades Around 1900, L'Enfant's town plan from 1791 came to the attention of the authorities It had originally been rejected, but now, more than a century later, L’Enfant’s plan was used for parts of the town centre

The population of Washington peaked in 1950 when it reached 800,000 However, with the establishment of the suburbs in Maryland and Virginia, people began to move from Washington and the District of Columbia, though the

population of the region continued to increase In

1967, a public and uniform traffic system was

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created for the entire region It was also around

this time that the subway was built In 1963 a

large human rights demonstration took place in

Washington on the National Mall Up to 500,000

people participated, and witnessed Martin Luther

King deliver his famous speech for civil rights,

beginning with the words: "I have a dream"

During the 1980s and 1990s, discussions

eventually turned the District of Columbia, and

therefore Washington, into American state

number 51 It has, however, not altered

Washington’s particular status as the Federal

Capital City In 2001, the Pentagon, which is

situated on the western side of the Potomac River,

was partly destroyed when terrorists crashed a

passenger plane into the building

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Metro: Federal Triangle/Metro Center

The White House is the residence and office of

the American president The neo-classicist

building has therefore become one of the most

famous buildings in the world

It dates back to the 1790s, when the District of Columbia (D C.) was founded as America’s Federal Capital George Washington was involved

in selecting the location for the palatial building, which architecturally, was inspired by Leinster House in Dublin It was only in 1901, during Theodore Roosevelt’s presidency, however, that the building became known as The White House The White House has 5,100 m2 (51,768 Sq ft), divided across 132 rooms and halls The most famous room is the president's office, The Oval Office

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1a White House Visitor Center

1450 Pennsylvania Avenue

www.whitehouse.gov/history/tours

Metro: Federal Triangle/Metro Center

In the White House Visitor Center you can find a

lot of information about the history of the

building and the former presidents of the USA

2 Corcoran Gallery of Art

500 17th Street NW

www.corcoran.org

Metro: Farragut West

The Corcoran Gallery of Art predominantly

exhibits historical and modern American art, but

also has a European collection The museum

opened in 1874 and was based on William Wilson

Corcoran’s collection of paintings and sculptures,

which he donated to the town

3 National Mall

The space between Constitution Avenue &

Independence Avenue www.nps.gov/nama Metro: Smithsonian

The National Mall is the name of the green area between the Potomac River and the Capitol The large area is adorned by several monuments, which are set in reflection pools West Potomac Park is especially beautiful during spring, when its many Japanese Cherry Trees are in full bloom The National Mall has over the years witnessed several large demonstrations, such as the civil rights demonstration in 1963 It was here, in front of the Lincoln Memorial, that Martin Luther King opened his famous speech with the words: ”I have

a dream”

4 National World War II Memorial

17th Street/Independence Avenue NW www.nps.gov/nwwm

Metro: Smithsonian

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The National World War II Memorial was

inaugurated in 2004 in remembrance of those

Americans who were killed in the conflict The

memorial consists of 56 tall pillars, representing

the then 48 American states, the District of

Columbia, Alaska, Hawaii and 5 overseas

territories The Freedom Wall is decorated with

4,000 gold stars, each representing 100 Americans

who died in the war

5 Washington Monument

15th Street/Constitution Avenue

www.nps.gov/wamo

The Washington Monument honours America's

first president, George Washington It was erected

in the years between 1848 and 1884 It consists of

a tall obelisk that stands at 169 metres (538 ft) high

The building materials are granite, marble and

sandstone The memorial is situated at the end of

the National Mall with a good view across the area

6 Jefferson Memorial

Tidal Basin South End www.nps.gov/thje Metro: Smithsonian

This memorial for former president Thomas Jefferson was unveiled in 1943, 200 years after he was born Stylistically, the neo-classicist domed building took inspiration from Jefferson’s private residence, Monticello, and from the Rotunda at the University of Virginia, founded by Jefferson Inside the memorial building stands a statue of Jefferson It is 5.8 metres (18.5 ft) high Jefferson was behind the American Declaration of

Independence and the Louisiana Purchase from France

7 Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial

W Basin Drive www.nps.gov/fdrm Metro: Smithsonian

This memorial commemorates another former president, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who has, thus far, been the longest serving president in the history of the USA He entered office for the first time in 1933, and was later re-elected 3 times He died whilst still president, and was replaced by Harry Truman The memorial is divided into 4 rooms, each devoted to one of the 4 presidential terms under Roosevelt

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8 Korean War Veterans Memorial

French Drive SW www.nps.gov/kwvm Metro: Smithsonian

The Korean War Veterans Memorial honours those Americans who fought in the Korean War between 1950 and 1953 More than 1.5 million American veterans returned from Korea after the war

9 Lincoln Memorial

Independence Avenue/23rd Street NW www.nps.gov/linc

Metro: Foggy Bottom/GWU

The Lincoln Memorial is situated on the banks of the Potomac River It celebrates Abraham Lincoln who was president of the United States during the American Civil War It was built 1915-1922 in the style of a Greek temple The 36 Doric columns signify the number of American states that existed when Lincoln died Each column is marked with the name of a state

10 Vietnam Veterans Memorial

Henry Bacon Drive/Constitution Avenue www.nps.gov/vive

Metro: Foggy Bottom/GWU

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The Vietnam Veterans Memorial honours the

victims of the Vietnam War The memorial

consists of a 75 meter (239 ft) long wall on which

the name of every single American soldier who

was killed during the conflict is engraved in

chronological order The wall is made from

polished Indian granite and its mirror effect seeks

to unite the past with the present

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Metro: Capitol South

Library of Congress is the national library of the

USA It is one of the largest libraries in the world

The beautiful building stores millions of books,

including a copy of the original Gutenberg Bible

Although the library dates back to year 1800, the

existing building was only built in 1897 The

interior is stunning, and in particular the large

round reading room, which is counted as one of

the architectural gems of Washington

12 Supreme Court

1 1st Street

www.supremecourtus.gov

Metro: Capitol South

The building of the Supreme Court of the United

States was inaugurated in 1935 It is a monumental

building in classicist style Prior to 1935, the

Supreme Court had been situated in the Capitol

13 United States Capitol

www.aoc.gov Metro: Capitol South

The United States Capitol houses the American Congress, consisting of the House of

Representatives and the Senate These two occupy the Southern and Northern wings of the building, respectively The Capitol in fact employs more than 100 senators, 435 members of the House of Representatives, and a number of Government officials

The foundation stone of the Capitol was laid by George Washington in 1792, and although the building was taken into use in 1800, it was not completed until 1811 After the War of Independence against the British in 1812, the partly damaged Capitol was restored and slightly modified during the period 1815-1830 Large extensions were further added during the 1850s The dome, for instance, was significantly enlarged The interior is detailed and truly stunning

14 National Gallery of Art

6th Street/Constitution Avenue NW www.nga.gov

Metro: Archives

The National Gallery of Art is exquisite Its collection covers the entire period from The Middle Ages to present day A wide range of art forms is represented

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15 National Museum of the

American Indian

4th Street/Independence Avenue SW www.nmai.si.edu

Metro: Federal Center/Capitol South

The National Museum of the American Indian has

a good collection of crafts and religious artefacts from different Native American cultures

16 National Air and Space Museum

1050 Independence Avenue SW www.nasm.si.edu

Metro: Federal Center/L’Enfant Plaza

The National Air and Space Museum is undoubtedly one of the world's leading museums for air and space travel The collection is

impressive Many of the objects are exhibited in the building at the National Mall, but the larger planes, for instance, are kept at the Steven F

Udvar-Hazy Center outside the city At the National Mall the exhibited planes include the Messerschmitt 109 and 262A, Spitfire and the plane of the Wright brothers from 1903 At the Udvar-Hazy Center, you can see the B-29 bomber, the Enola Gay, which dropped the world's first atom bomb over Hiroshima on 6 August 1945

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The exhibits also include the German V1 and V2

rockets, SS-20, Sputnik, the space suit worn by

Gagarin, and the impressive Saturn V rocket,

Metro: L’Enfant Plaza

The beautifully situated Hirshhorn Museum has

art from all over the world The collection includes

works bynames such as Pablo Picasso and Andy

Warhol A peaceful sculpture garden surrounds the

museum and offers peace and quiet to enjoy the

artwork

18 Smithsonian Institution

Jefferson Drive www.si.edu Metro: Smithsonian

The Smithsonian Institution is a large research and museum centre, counting no less than 14

museums in Washington and 2 in New York All together, the collections consist of more than 140 million objects You can either visit the individual museum or form a general view of the collections

at the Smithsonian Institution The main building

is also known as the Smithsonian Castle, because

of its castle-like exterior

19 National Museum of African Art

950 Independence Avenue SW http://africa.si.edu

The National Museum of African Art exhibits a broad selection of objects from Africa Periodic exhibitions cover everything from ancient to modern art, and many less common art forms are represented, such as ceramics, masks and clothing The museum additionally arranges a variety of temporary theme-based exhibitions

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These two galleries have excellent collections of

East Asian art, including ancient Chinese paintings,

Korean ceramics, Buddhist sculptures and Persian

scripts One exhibit consists of an entire room

from an old town house in London The room,

known as the Peacock Room, was brought from

England and rebuilt in Washington in 1876

21 Natural History Museum

750 9th Street NW www.mnh.si.edu Metro: Smithsonian

The Natural History Museum gives a broad introduction to natural history One of its objectives is to illustrate the natural world and the role of man within it The many theme-based exhibits cover anything from large dinosaurs and elephants to birds and insects

22 National Museum of American History

14th Street/Constitution Avenue www.americanhistory.si.edu Metro: Smithsonian

The National Museum of American History exhibits a rich variety of objects with relevance to different eras of American history The collection includes locomotives, household goods, art and computers, and the museum runs regular exhibitions on individual objects, places or persons

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Metro: Union Station

The grand Union Station became the railway hub

of Washington when it was inaugurated in 1907

during the golden age of the railway The station is

built in a mix of different styles The main building,

however, is predominantly beaux-arts

24 National Portrait Gallery

8th Street/F Street www.npg.si.edu Metro: Gallery Place

The National Portrait Gallery displays many portraits of famous Americans Former president George Washington, for example, has been dedicated an entire gallery

The building itself is one of the oldest public buildings in Washington It was built 1836-1867, and was inspired by the Parthenon in Athens

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25 Ford’s Theatre

511 10th Street NW

www.fordstheatre.org

Metro: Gallery Place

Ford’s Theatre was originally a church, built in

1833 After its conversion, the theatre opened in

1863 Only two years later, 14 April 1865, the

theatre became the setting for the murder of

President Abraham Lincoln He was shot during a

performance and carried across the road to

Petersen House where he died the next morning

Similar to the theatre, Petersen House is open to

the public Ford's Theatre closed down after the

assassination, but was reopened more than 100

Metro: Federal Triangle

The headquarters of the FBI is partly open to

tourists There is information about the history of

the FBI, and some of the Bureau's different work

methods are demonstrated The large building

features in numerous movies and television series

27 Old Post Office

1100 Pennsylvania Avenue www.oldpostofficedc.com Metro: Federal Triangle

This beautiful and historical building is nowadays occupied by shops and restaurants You can also ascend the tower, and enjoy the stunning view of Washington The building, which resembles a castle, was completed in 1899 At 12 storeys, it was Washington's first skyscraper Although it was also the first public building to be supplied with electricity, it was soon deemed inadequate for the needs of modern life Demolition plans arose, but the Depression put a stop to them, and the building survived The Old Post Office has now become one of the most distinctive buildings in Washington

28 National Theatre

1321 Pennsylvania Avenue www.nationaltheatre.org Metro: Metro Center

The National Theatre is the oldest cultural institution in Washington It opened in 1835, and the building has been rebuilt several times since The large hall is especially beautiful

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29 St Matthews Cathedral

1725 Rhode Island Avenue

www.stmatthewscathedral.org

Metro: Farragut North

Built in 1895, the Cathedral of St Matthew is the

seat of the Archbishop The beautiful Romanesqu

church building, which also has Byzantine

elements, is situated at a hill, and therefore offers

lovely views of the surrounding area John F

Kennedy’s funeral ceremony was held in this

cathedral

30 Washington National Cathedral

Massachusetts Avenue/Wisconsin Avenue www.cathedral.org/cathedral

Metro: Tenleytown/AU

Although the foundation of this impressive structure was built in 1907, the work was not fully completed until 83 years later, in 1990 The style is predominantly European Gothic, and inspiration has clearly been taken from European Cathedrals The funeral services for both President Dwight D Eisenhower and Ronald Reagan took place here

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Tour 4: Washington

31 Georgetown

www.georgetowndc.com

Metro: Foggy Bottom – GWU

The district of Georgetown stands in stark

contrast to the grand architecture found in the rest

of Washington Georgetown is situated just a few

miles from the city centre, but the area is

characterised by low buildings and old town

houses, which are best enjoyed by taking a stroll

down the main street, M Street

Georgetown Harbour is situated south of M Street,

on the bank of the Potomac River It is a modern but interesting mall You can catch a boat from here, travelling south towards Alexandria To the South-East, the mall overlooks the headquarters of the Democratic Party, Watergate It was the setting

of the 1970s’ Watergate Scandal, which eventually led to President Nixon’s resignation

31a Old Stone House

M Street NW/30th Street www.nps.gov/olst

The Old Stone House in Georgetown is thought

to be the oldest building in Washington Built in

1765, the modest house was occupied by ordinary people The interior has now been restored to its original

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Tiêu đề	A Visit to Washington
Tác giả	Stig Albeck, Ventus Publishing ApS, Rikke Christoffersen
Thể loại	essay
Năm xuất bản	2008
Thành phố	Washington

Định dạng
Số trang	41
Dung lượng	4,12 MB