Giáo trình điện tử công suất 2002

Gido trinh dd dwqc xdy firng ffAn co sd k€ th*a nhtrng nfi dung duqc SinS dqy d cdc tradng, ket hqp voi nhtrng nQi dung mdi nhiim ddp *ng y€u cdu ndng cao chdt luqng ddo tqo, phuc vu sry

LOI GIOI THIEU

Vi€c tO ch*c biAn soan vd xurit ban mil sri gfdo iinh phuc vu cho cldo

nhdt n)Qi dung dqy vd hpc 0 cdc hA ddo tqo niry tr\n todn qu6c

Gido trinh dd dwqc xdy firng ffAn co sd k€ th*a nhtrng nfi dung duqc

Si(nS dqy d cdc tradng, ket hqp voi nhtrng nQi dung mdi nhiim ddp *ng y€u

cdu ndng cao chdt luqng ddo tqo, phuc vu sry nghi€p c6ng nghiQp hod, hi€n

dqi ltod D€ caong crta gido trinh dd iluqc V4 Gido *1c chuy€n nghiQp thom

khqql kiey crta mlt s6 tadng Ca9 ddng, Trung cdp chuy€n nghiQp - Dqy

ngh€ vd dd nhQn daoc nhiAu !, ki€n thi6t thVc, gitip cho tdc gid biAn so.an

Gido trinh da cdc nhd gido cd nhiiu kinh nghiQm giang dqy 0 cdc

hie;, b6 sung nh.iiu ki€n rh*c mdi vd chil y tdi tinh li\n thdng ae

"g"Oi l,gc

sau ndy dd ddng hoc d bdc cao hon Cdc ndi dung dwoc trinh bdy theo quan

di€m mo, bao gom nhirng vdn d€ co bdn, cot y€u d€ tu) theo linh chdt cfia

kh1ng trdi vdi quy dlnh cita chwong trinh khung ddo tqo Cao ddng, TCCN

Hy vpng nhdn ilwqc sW gdp !, cila cdc trudng vd bgn dpc dd nhttng gido

trinh duoc bi\n sogn ti1p hoQc ldn tdi bdn sau cd chiit luqng tdt hon Mgi

S6p y xin g*i ui CAng ry CO ph,nn Sdch Dqi hqc - Dqy nghi, 25 Hdn ThuyAn,

Hd ndi

VU GIAA DU C CHUYEN NGHIEP

Gido duc chuyAn nghiQp, B0 Gido duc vd Ddo tao xiiy' drytg it thong c1ua"

N6i dung daoc soan theo tinh thin xuy\n suiit ld ngdn gqn, dd h;Ou, nhu.ng

hao gim ddy dn cdc ki6n thtlc co bdn cdn thitit cho cdc {rng dung thqrc i.

I'l€u ndm vftng nhirng ndi chmg c*a giito trinh ndy, ngadi hoc cd the dd dang

ti€p tuc bo sung nhtrng ki€n th*c cia minh thdng qua nhirng gido trinh, tiri

li€u chuy\n sdu hon trong l\nh vac Ei€n tir cdng suiit

Nhirng nQi dung trong gido tt inh niry duqc trinh bdy phil hqp vhi trinh

1^ , / -^

rl0 cila so d6ng ngadi hoc, voi xuAt phdt cli|m v€ ki?n thac khdc nhau

Ngodi nhitng hi|u biil vi diAn d chuong trinh THP'\, hi;u nha khdng c6 y\u

cdu ndo hon v€ cdc ki6n thac co s6 Trong giiro trinh, mdi Htai ni€m daa ra

cdch di thiAu nhftng biAn d6i todn hqc N€u cdn thiAt, cdc bi€u thirc todn

diu daqc cli6n gi(ri s&n Ddy td di1m khdc bi€t cila gido trinh ndy so vdi cdc

tdi li€u dd duqc bi1n soan tru6'c ddy

chiro tQp trung o khdu chA bcin, niing cao chdt luqng cdc hinh vd d€ ngadi

doc kh6ng th€ nhdm l6n M/t sd so dO cd tinh chuyAn biAt drqc laqc bo, m\t

: : -;

sd vdn dA cd finh {rng &mg hi€n dqi daqc dwa th€m vdo, tdt nhiAn chi voi

liiu laqng viia phdi Trong mdi chuong diu daa th\m vdo mdt phdn ngdn

,lr7i

gon v0 phqm vi nng d4ng c*a cdc bQ bi€n ddi dA ngwdi dOc dA liAn hA vdi

th4c te.

Mcic di,r dii ci| gdng nhung gicio trinh niry chiic kh1ng trdnh khdi het

dung de gido trinh daoc hodn chinh hon Mpi !, kien d6ng gdp xin giri vd

Cdng ty CO phin Sdch Dqi hoc- Day nghi, ZS Hdn Thuy€n, Hd ndi

TAC GIA

CI

DiQn tft cdng sudt lir gi?

bib" tt, c6ng suAt lir rnot d

.r* ua ung a\,'.gi6c Phin r'r tril

fri* aOi ,"a f.f',0'g ch6 ngu ln ai i'ai a"n" thdnh ngu6n na-ag h4

iuo",

"ung cAP.cho-c6c Phu-a I

""""La"

do uion aoi ban u:-'r

-1

aien itr c6ng suAt' C6c Phnn ur t

;;;ti n6i tii vdo nguon.'slu

it,*Jnien dong cit dong '3:en n

*[n tn.o thoi gian' Tul' cti il*

ila" aa" lai duqi diou khiin boi

aii, ,t

uiA" aoi va Phu thu6c cdcn Err

"a"tt "ft" vaY qu6 trinh

biin '*ii

,i ro" ,na, iie" uO bion tic'i chil

t C to ,oi c6ng su6t di€n c'in bi

TOn th6t trOn c6c r an hftr

voi diQn 6P roi tr6nvan' li.1tu

U"O" ti0" U0 vuqt b4c r.oi vi son co khi ndng dong car &

ilro c6rg sr,6t giam dSng ke- n

'AquYiu{t

bi-6n doi nang hy

phAn tu b6n dAn dong r u tro

,uA goP PhAn t4o ra nhiiu ct

rai trong c6ng nghiQP t

? ttT V6-i d6i tuqng nghiin cri cdn c6 tOn ggi Ie "K!' thua chuY€n ngdnh kh6c cua Kj"t

iin irier r6i -o" diQn eP tlq

ggi ld"K! thu4t ddng diin o

TAM KHAO

I

:E NXE KHKT

I

f*" fich vd gi6i mqch Dign t0 c6ng

l$3, Mc Graw - Hill lnternationat

chuong 1 cAc PHAN Tt] BAN DAN cONG suAr ' " "'5

1993, MacmiltaniMc

i invertoru, 1992,

I

t

t:

lr

SE generatoru

ii

I

I

I

;

1.10 T6n hao-c6ng sudt tr6n c6c phan tr? bdn d5n c6no sudt.+6

1 .10.1 T6n thAt trong ch6 d0 tinh, dang d5n dong-ho{c

dang kho6 46

1.10.2 T6n th6t trong qu6 trinh d6ng cit 46

1.10.3 T6n hao do thoi gian md vA khod 42

1.10.4 T6n hao do qu6 trinh phuc hdi 48

1.10.5 T6n hao do cdc phAn tfr phdn kh6ng 49

1.11 Mach trE girip d6ng md (snubber circuit) S1 1.11.1 Mach trs gitip RC don gi6n 53

1.11.2 T6i uu ho6 mach RC 54

1.11.3 Mach trE gi0p RCD 57

1.12.V4n ed tam m6t van b6n d5n S9 1.12.1 M6 hjnh truyAn nhiOt 60

1.12.2 Tlnh to6n t6n nhigt 61

Chuong 2 CHiNH LUU 64

2.1.1 C6c ung dqrng vi phdn loaic6c so d6 chinh luu 64

2.1.2 CAu trrjc chung crla mQt so Ctd chinh h.ru 66

2.1.3 Cric dac tinh co bdn c0a so dd chinh luu 67

2.2 So d0 chinh tuu mQt pha, n&a chu ky , 6g 2.2.1 So d6 dirng di6t : 69

2.2.2 So dd dung tiristo, taitr& cim 69

2.3 Chinh luu mOt pha, hinh tia 71

2.3.1 Chinh tuu di6t 21

2.3.2 Chinh tuu mQt pha hinh tia tiristo 7S 2.4 Chinh tuu cAu mgt pha 80

2.4.1 So d6 kh6ng di6u khi6n 80

2.4.2 So d6 chinh luu cAu mQt pha c6 diBu khi6n " 83

2.4.5 So d0 c6u mOt pha kh6ng d6i x0ng 84

2.5 Chinh luu hinh tia ba pha 96

2.5.1 Chinh luu tia ba pha dr]ng di6t , g7 2.5.2 So d6 tia ba pha co Oidu fni6n 93

2.6 Chinh tuu cAu ba pha 95

2.6.1 So d6 dirng di6t 96

2.6.2 So d6 c6 diAu khi6n , 99

2.6.3 Vdn dB didu khi6n chinh luu cAu ba pha 102

2.O.4 Chinh luu cAu ba pha kh6ng O6i x.ung 103

2.7 Chinh tuu s6u pha c6 cugn khdng can ning 104

2.7 .1 So d0 dirng di6t 104

chuong 3 vAN DE CHUYEN l,tAcl-r

3.1 Hien tugng chuYdn r

3'1'1' ChuY6n macn

3'1'3' ChuY6n mdr 3't'4' ChuYEn mactr

3'2'1' Nghich ltnt Pt

3'2'2' Nghich lw d

3'2'3' Nghich trru d

3'2'4' Nghlch tw d

3'3'2' Didu khi€n n

chuong 4 cAc BQ BIEN DOl xut

4.1' CitcbO bi6n OOi-nrr

4'1'1' C6c ss 60 t

4'1'2' Xung iP xo:

4'3' Cdrc b0 bi€n'dOi rX

i,i,ii#lslH

5'1' Khai niQm churg 5.1.1 Nghlch hnt 5.1.2 C6c dqrq I

5.1.3 Kh6i niOm

5'2' Nghich luu dqc t'

5.2.2 NLDL rtgt

5'3' Nghich luu 60c k 5.3.1 Nghich lut 5.3.2 Di6u chinl

nguiin 5P

Chuong 3 VAN OE CHUyEN MACH VA NGHICH LLrU PHU THUqC 110

3.1.1 Chuy*6n machtrong so0itig mQt pha""""""""'111 3.1.2 Chuyen mqch trong so dd clu mOt pha"""""""'113

3.1.3 Chuydn mqch trong scr OO tia ba pha """"""""""114

3.1 + Cnuyen mach trong so d6 chinh luu cAu ba pha ' 116

3.2 Nghich luu phr,r thuOc." ' """""' 119

3.2.2 Ngnicn luu phu thuOc, so dd cAu mQt oha "' """111

3.2.3 ru5nicn tuu bnu thuqc, so db tia ba pha """""" "'123

3.2.4 ff6ni.n luu phu thuQc, so d6 clu ba pha """"""' 123

3.3 B0 bi6n o6icO d-io chiBu """""""124

3.3.1 Di€u khi6n chung """'""""'125

3.3.2 Oidu khi6n ri6ng """' 126

chuons 4 cAc BQ BIEN DOI xuNG AP' .' """"""129

4.1 Cdrc b0 bi6n d6i xung 6p xoay chi6u """"""' 129

4.1.1 C6c so cI6 vjn """""""""130

4.1.2 Xung 6p xoay chi6u mQt pha """"" ""130 4.2 CAcbO bi6n dOixung ep mOl chidu (XADC)', ' ' ,' ' ""19! q.i.l Xung 6p mqt ini,5u n6i ticp, cn6 o9 di€u chinh""' 136

4.3.3 B0 bi5n d6i ngu6n DC-DC n6iti6p, song song' ""144

5.1 Kh6i niQm chung vB nghich luu dQc lip''""':"""""""""146

5.1.2 Cic dang nghich luu dqc lap."""" """"'"""""146

5.1.3 Knei niC-m vE ngu6n 5p, ngu6n ddng ""':" """""'147 5.2 Nghich luu dQc lfp ngubn ddng """""'r""""""""""""'148

5.2.2 NLOL ngudn ddng ba pha"""""' """'150 5.3 Nghlch luu dOc lQp ngu6n 6P .:' """':""""""""""""" 151

5.i.i Nghich luu dOi lQp ngudn 5p mOt pha """"""""'151

532:fffTll::::

Width Modulation) .' ' """"154

S.3.4 Nghich tuu dqc lqp ngu6n 6p ba pha,

5.3.S Nghich tuu ba pha pWM 159

5.4.2 Nghich tuu cQng hu&ng ngu6n ap tiristo , 112

S 4 3 Nghlch luu c6ng hudng ngu6n 6p tranzito 114

o.2.2 Bien tan ngu6n ap v-oi ngudn mnt chiau oAu vao co -6.2.3 Bi6; A; oia" oie, ua ;6il;il pwrvr , , 180

6.3.1'Nguy6nlfbi6ntAntructi6p' ' :,.

6.3.2 Nguy6n tyi xAy dpng hQ th6ng di6u khi6n bi6n tAn trqrc tiep 194

bi6n d5i .: 187

di6u khi6n

T.;.i' ffi6;h';;i inrit to6n vd cac macrr x,l'ry' " tso

tin hi0u tucrng tU " , tgO

7.2.3 Mach khuOch dqi kh6ng ddLo (hinh 7.7 ) 1g2

7 .2.5 Mach tdp dien dp : 194

7.2.A Mach tao xung ring cua 1g2 7.3 He th6ng di€u khi6n cdc b0 bi6n d6i phr,i thugc 202

7 .9.1 cdu trric chung ctra h€ th6ng di6u khi6n cdc bq bi6n d6i phu thu0c 202

7.3.2, Xdy dqrng mqch di6u khi6n chinh luu tu cdc khAu chr?c ning , 203

7.3.3 H0 th6ng tr€t

7 .4 Heth6ng di6u khi€v

Br\X

PHU LUC 1

TAt LIEU THAM KHAO

frnguOn 6p ba pha,

song song 166

ngu?n 5p tiristo 122

nguOn 6p tranzito 174

7.3.3 He th5ng di6u khiSn chinh luu dirng vi mqch TCA785 (c0a hing Siemens) 206

7.4 He th6ng didu khi6n cic b0'bi6n d6i xung 5p mQt chiBu.210 7.5 Mach khu6ch dqixung 214

' 7.5.1 Bi6n 6p xung (eAX) 214

7 5 2 Y*l' khu6ch daixung diAu khi€n tiristo dCrng 7.5.3 Mach KDX cho GTO 218

.7'5.4'MoSFETvAlGBTdriver ' '' '

PHU LUC 1 223

TAr LIEU THAM KHAO 226

"-"' ;"""" 182

Yg ne,p i8,

h0 th5ng di6u khi6n bi6; i5;

' Its th5ng di6u khi€n cdc b6 dUrE trong mach :""""' - 197

f[ooi phu thuOc 202

f6ng diAu khi6n cac OO Oi6n ;'-' """' 202

€n ctrinh luu tu cdc khdu