1. In Western translation theory, what was the contribution of Cicero? He translated the speeches of Greek orators through creative imatation. 2. In Western translation theory, what translation method did St.Jerome say he was using? He preferred sense for sense over word for word translation except in the translation of the Bible. 3. In Dao’an’s writing about the translation of the Buddhist sutras into Chinese, which of the following does he note as difficulties? Directing the message to a new audiience. The special status of the source text. 4. What was a key difficulty for the Arab translators of Greek scientific texts in the Abbasid period? Whether to translate, borrow or explain technical terms.
Trang 1CÁC CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
1 In Western translation theory, what was the contribution of Cicero?
He translated the speeches of Greek orators through creative imatation
2 In Western translation theory, what translation method did St.Jerome say he was using?
He preferred sense for sense over word for word translation except in the translation of the Bible
3 In Dao’an’s writing about the translation of the Buddhist sutras into Chinese, which of the following does he note as difficulties?
Directing the message to a new audiience
The special status of the source text
4 What was a key difficulty for the Arab translators of Greek scientific texts in the Abbasid period?
Whether to translate, borrow or explain technical terms
5 What was the importance of the translation method of Martin Luther?
He translated into everyday German and thereby helped to strengthen the German language
6 Dryden proposed three methods of translation Which corresponds to literal or word for word translation?
Metaphrase
7 Which of the following is the most important of Tytler’s ‘laws’ of translation?
Accuracy to the source text content
8 Which of the three translation principles of Yan Fu refers to elegance/
gracefulness?
Ya
9 What is Schleiermacher’s preferred translation strategy?
To move the reader towards the writer
Trang 210 In translatorial action and skopos theory, how is the success of traslation to be judged?
By functional adequacy
11 What is the term used by House to describe the process of modification of an
ST to conform to TL expectations?
Cultural filter
12 Evaluation is a part of which function of language ?
Interpersonal
1 Each language has an area of equivalence in to the other language
Respect
2 The concept of context has been extensively studied by different linguists from such as pragmatics and systemic-functional linguistics
Different perspectives
3 The source language of cultural context and situational context
Consists
4 Literary translations may be subdivided in the same way, as each genre calls for a specific arrangement and specific artistic means to impress the reader
Makes use of
5 Translation is an academic interdiscipline dealing with the systematic study
of the theory, description and application of, and
Studies
6 Translation is a of intedingual communication
Means
7 Different types of translation can be singled out the predominant
communicative function of the source text or the form of speech involved in the translation process
a Depending
Trang 38 Contemporary translation activities of a translator are characterized by a great variety of types, and levels of his responsibility
Forms
9 The transformational model: postulates that in any two languages there is a number of nuclear structures which are fully each other
Equivalent to
10 Translation shifts both at the lower level of language, Le the
lexicogrammar, and at the higher thematic level of text
Occur
11 In translation, there should be no change in the of narration or in the
arrangement of the segments of the text
Sequence
12 Literary translation deals with literary texts Le works of fiction of poetry
whose main function is to make an or aesthetic impression upon the reader
Emotional
13 The original text may deal any subject from general philosophical
principles of postulates to minute technicalities in some obscure field of human endeavour
With
14 Translation is a of actions performed by the translator while rendering the source text into another language
Set
15 The source language of cultural context and situational context
Consists
16 A number of subdivisions can be also suggested for informative translations, though the principles of here are somewhat different
Classification
17 It is that the translation has the same meaning as the original text
presumed
Trang 418 In translation, there should be no change in the of narration or in the
arrangement of the segments of the text
Sequence
19 The of the translation should follow that of the original text
Structure
20 Each of these forms of literary activities comprises a number of subgenres and the translator may one or some of them in accordance with his talents and experience
Specialize in
21 Theme can be identified in terms of three metafunctions
Ideational interpersonal and textual
22 The multiple Theme or split Rheme pattern was used at the most frequently This indicates that the multiple Theme or split Rheme patterns are
Dominant in the texts
23 In the process of communication, the meaning system is largely determined situational context ideational Leaning by field interpersonal meaning by tenor and textual meaning by mode
By the three aspects of
24 The ideational is subdivided into two components, le experiential and logical
They convey
Different ways of meanings
25 The topical Theme is divided into two subtypes Simple marked Theme refers to when a topical element is chosen for foregrounding while simple
unmarked Theme refers to that which is most usual
Unmarked and marked Theme
26 Thematic structure includes Theme and Thematic progression patterns,
information structure includes and cohesion includes reference, conjunction, ellipsis and lexical cohesion
Given and new units of information
Trang 527 Theme and Rheme boundary is a sequential ordering and range of possible groups or phrases that use for setting structure
Theme and Rheme
28 Context of situation is closely related to various texts Certain asks for certain text and in return, certain text creates certain context
Situational context
29 Thematic progression helps give cohesion and thus coherence to a text,
guiding the reader through the text
In a logical and rational course
30 According to the frequency analysis, the topical/ideational elements occurred
at the most frequent rates followed by and interpersonal elements
Textual elements
31 The study is devoted to the exploration of English writing skill which sets out
to obtain some concrete information on the students problems in writing
English
Supported by Systemic Functional Grammar
32 The writers used multiple Theme by to topical Theme to create
connectedness in the text As a result, it provides the writers with an effective way to convey information circulated in the written text
Adding lextual Theme and interpersonal Theme
33 Translators need that help to achieve their goals in enhancing
communication across different nations
To encompass a diversity of factors \
34 As in the case of referential cohesive devices, the translator also the
strategy of deletion while translating the conditional conjunction "even if
Made use of
35 Finally, pragmatic understanding is related to In that case, the target does not state what is transferred, but it states the requirement of the process
The message or implication of a sentence
36 A world of needs translators that beside their specialized knowledge in the two languages, they should also experience intercultural competence
Trang 6 Different Interacting cultures
37 Furthermore the fourth device-substitution is marked by the use of nouns, verbs or clauses previously presented
To replace some information
38 In most cases, a translator decodes a text conditioned by his ideology and world knowledge
According to his understanding
39 The distinctive relationship between is established by the ability of
translation to approximate a multilingual communication to a monolingual one
The original and translation
40 Furthermore, words such as hence and so indicate that there is a preceding segment of text presenting a cause or reason, and
A following segment presenting a result
41 Conjunctive cohesion is the type of cohesion commonly and most extensively dealt with It is often referred to as "transitional devices"
In grammar and composition writing
42 Similarly to pronoun reference, the cohesive device of conjunction proves
of the Target Text
To be problematic for the translator
43 The device of substitution was not extensively used in either text Only the ST employed it once,
Using the verb do
44 In regard to reference, the Target Text tends that are equivalent to the ones used in the Source Text
To present cohesive devices
45 The process of in a target language involves both lexico-grammatical and pragmatic analysis
Decoding a text and encoding it
Trang 746 There are also omissions, partial equivalences and even complete alterations
of in the ST
The connection signaled by the cohesive device
47 Text is a meaningful unit, but to guide persons towards meanings it is
recommended to start from after that inspect the STS and their probable
translation
The lexico-grammatical realizations analysis
48 In regard to reference the Target Text tends that are equivalent to the ones used in the Source Text
To present cohesive devices
49 Technical translation is a type of involving the of documents (., etc.), or more specifically, texts which relate to technological subject areas or texts which deal with the practical application of scientific and technological Information
Produced by
50 While the presence of specialized is a feature of technical texts, specialized terminology alone is not classifying a text as "technical since numerous
disciplines and subjects which are not "technical" possess what can be regarded
as specialized terminology
Sufficient for
51 Transliteration is the process rendering the letters of one alphabet in terms of the letters of another with a different alphabetical system in transcription the pronunciation of is transcribed in the alphabetical system of the Target
Language
The Source Language word
52 The theory of translation should be a branch of comparative linguistics His approach was purely linguistic and textual
According to Catford
53 Literal translation word to word, group to group: collocation to collocation, clause to clause, sentence to sentence The smaller the unit, the commoner the approach, following the basic translation procedures
Ranges from
Trang 854 Theme which is optional followed by the interpersonal element which is
optional and followed by a topical/ ideational element which is obligatory
Consists of the textual element
55 The relation between the two segments will be one of reasonresult substitution and ellipsis cohesion ties which are meant to signal only one phoric relation at
a time with the exception of a pronoun, which can act in anaphoric, cataphoric,
or exophoric reference,
Unlike reference
56 Unlike reference, ellipsis, substitution and conjunctive cohesion, lexical
cohesion is not associated with any special syntactic classes of elements It is therefore and least adequately defined of the five kinds
The most open- ended
57 Mode refers to what part the language is playing, what it is that the
participants are in that situation the symbolic organization of the text, the status that it has, and its function in the context
Expecting the language to for them
58 The model identifies three main functions that speakers/ writers use language for to encode interaction and to organize the previous functions into a coherent whole
To represent experience
59 Technical and scientific translation has traditionally been the dogsbody of theoretical discussions of translation The underlying rationale when
approaching this type of translation has usually literature a creative elaboration
of language been that
Involves
60 Word-for-word translation transfers Source Language grammar and as well as the primary meanings of all the Source Language words into the translation, and is normally effective only for brief simple neutral sentences
Word-order
61 In addition to reading comprehension ability, the knowledge of specialized subjects and a wide cultural background, and the global vision of cross-cultural and interlingual communication
Trang 9 Derived from specialized training
62 Translators usually have to deal with six different problematic areas in their work, they are translating technical documents or
Whether
63 The translating process translation
Models
64 The presumption of semantic between Source Text and Target Text is based
on the various degrees of equivalence of their meanings
identity
65 If the source text is its translation can be listed as literary or informative only
as an approximation
of some length
66 Their communicative value depends on their artistic quality and the
translatior's primary task is to reproduce this quality in translation
first and foremost
67 Context of culture and context of situation are outside of language itself Co-text, also known as conCo-text, is certainty inside of language itself
linguistic
68 Appraisal identifies three systems, dealing with the kind of attitudes, their amplification and the ways in which they are sourced
Attitude, Graduation and Engagement
69 In short, Ideational meanings construed to represent experiences, either to encode them (experiential) or between them (logical) are activated by field, which concerns the activity of discourse
To show the relationships
70 The problem of empty Theme, the problem of the brand new Theme the problem of overuse of constant progression, the problem of empty Rheme, and
the problem of confusing selection of textual Theme
Trang 1071 In students' writing, lack of text coherence is identified as a major problem lower scores in students examinations
which contributes substantially to
72 Most of the texts start by presenting followed by a series of arguments which extends from the parts of the Rheme in the preceding clause and then it
becomes the Theme in subsequent clauses
their points of view
73 Analyzing the data marked and unmarked Themes, the result reveals that the number of unmarked Themes by far outweighs the number of marked Themes
in light of
74 Systemic Functional Grammar means that it is based on it tries to view a
language as a system for making a semantic system, with other system for encoding the meaning it produces
meaning
75 The reference can be anaphoric (the referent the cohesive device) or
cataphoric (the referent follows the cohesive device)
precedes
76 Away from seeing the cultural differences as communication barriers, such differences can bi represented as features supporting
and improving human collaboration
77 The term ellipsis refers to the a phrase or a clause which is understood in the case of ellipsis cohesion, there are three types, depending on the syntactic category of the presupposed elements a absence of
word
78 is a relation of sense identity rather than a relation of reference identity it is also divided into subcategories such as nominal substitution, verbal
substitution and clausal substitution
Substitution cohesion
79 It is noteworthy that process-oriented approaches to coherence are subject to
shortcomings