Thiết kế máy bóc vỏ tôm tự động

Tuy nhien, vdi viic so che tdm tii lat dau den hoc vo dU6c thUc hien bang tay nhu hien nay thi chat lUOng, an toan ve sink, do dong deu cua san pham torn xu&t khau phu thuoc vao trinh do

NGHIEN Cl/U

-^T»\i.J KE MAY BOC V 6 TOM TU" DONG

SHRIMP PEELING MACHINE DESIGN AUTOMATION

Dinh Van Thdi", Dang Van Nghin^ Pham Quang Thang'

Nguyin C6ng Thilc', KiS'u Nguyin PhiJong Dai,

'Cong ty Co phan Thilc pham Sao Ta 'Vien Ca hoc va Tin hoc Cng dung, Vien Khoa hoc Cong nghe Viet Nam

'BChoa Co khi, Tru6ng Dai hoc Bach Khoa TP H6 Chi Minh

TOIM TAT

Cong nghiep chebien thuy san noi chung va che bien torn noi riengla nganh dong gop rat quan trong trong san pham xuat khau cua Viet Nam Tuy nhien, vdi viic so che tdm tii lat dau den hoc vo dU6c thUc hien bang tay nhu hien nay thi chat lUOng, an toan ve sink, do dong deu cua san pham torn xu&t khau phu thuoc vao trinh do ciia cong nhan Bai bao nay trinh bay viec thiet kemdy hoc vb torn giup boc tach thit tdm ra khdi vo va lam sach chi tdm, dieu nay mang den cho san pham tdm xuat khau mot chat lUOng tot, dong deu, tinh an toan ve sinh thUc pham vdi nang xuat cao ciing vdi viec giam gia thanh san pham, dieu do se mang den nhiing Idi ich thiet thUc cho ngdnh che bien thiiy san

lii khoa; Sd che tdm; Boc vo torn

ABSTRACT

Seafood processing industry in general and shrimp processing sectors in particular are very impor-tant contribution in the export products of Vietnam However, with the odd semi-processed shrimp from start to peel done manually at present, the quality, safety, uniformity of shrimp products exported depends

on the qualifications of workers This paper presents the design of the machine help peel shrimp peeled shrimp meat out of the shell and cleaned shrimp only, this gives an export shrimp products of good quality, uniformity safety and hygiene products with high productivity and a reduction in production costs, which will bring real benefits to the seafood processing industry

Keywords: Preliminary shrimp; Peeled shrimp

TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM, So 4 nam 2014

NGHIEN CUfU - TRAO €)dl

l D A T V A N D E 2 THIET KE MAY

Theo Hiep hoi Che bien va Xuat khau thtiy 2.1 Quy trinh hoc vo torn

san Viet Nam (VASEP) dan thong ke tU hai quan

cho hay, nam 2013, xuat khau tdm thu ve 3,1 ty Nguyen lieu dau vao cua may hoc vo tom USD vdi 88 thi trUdng Xuat khau tom tang manh la tom da dUpe phan loai cd va lat dau (hinh 1) giiip thuy san vUpt muc tieu 6,5 ty USD khi dat

gan 6,7 ty USD Tdm chiem 46% kim ngach xuat ,

khau thuy san cua ca nUdc 10 thi trUdng nhap ^^^ - ^

khau tom Viet Nam chinh gom My, Nhat Ban, ' ' *

EU, Trung Quoc, Australia, Canada, Dai Loan va

ASEAN

Dieu nay the hien sU gia tang gia tri cung

nhu san lUdng tdm xuat khau SU tang trUdng

nhanh do se dat ra yeu cau rat Idn len nganh cong

nghiep che bien tdm xuat khau ca ve nhan lUc ISn

chat lUdng san pham Hinh 1: Nguyen lieu torn dau vao

ThUc hien thang Idi Nghi quyet Hoi nghi

Ian thU Tu Ban Chap hanh Trung Udng Dang

Khoa X ve Chien lUde Bien Viet Nam den nam

2020, dUa nude ta trd thanh quoc gia manh ve

bien va giau len tii bien Nganh Thuy san se trd

thanh mot nganh san xuat hang hoa, cd thUdng

hieu uy tin, cd kha nang canh tranh cao trong hoi

nhap kinh te quoc te, tren co sd phat huy Idi the

cua mot nganh san xuat - khai thac tai nguyen tai

tao

Tom sau khi dUdc phan loai se dUdc dUdc cap vao bang tai va Ian lUdt di qua 6 cum (hinh 2) nhu sau:

CUM KEP

CUM DINH HUCING, DE

CUMXfi LUNG

CUM LAYVO

CUM LAY THIT

CUM LAY cut

Hien nay, cong doan lot vo tdm chiem tdi

60% khoi lUdng che bien tdm thanh pham vdi

hien trang cac nha may che bien tom s\i dung chu

yeu nhan cong de thUc hien viec sd che lot vd tom 2.2 Nguyen ly lam viec

thi sU tang nhanh cua san lUdng tdm se keo theo

yeu can tang so lUdng nhan cdng va mifc dp quan

ly chat lUdng cao hdn, dieu nay se rat khd thUc

hien vdi gia nhan cong ngay cang tang cao

Hinh 2: Quy trinh boc vo torn

Tii van de thUc te do, y tUdng thiet ke may

cd kha nang thay the con ngUdi trong qua trinh

bdc vd torn dUdc dat ra de giai quyet van de ve gia

thanh, nang xuat, chat lUdng cung nhU an toan ve

sinh thUc pham trdng cdng ddan bdc vd tdm

Vdi quy trinh bdc vd tom nhu tren thi difng tren tU duy mot he thong cd the xem may boc vd tdm la day chuyen cdng nghe vdi 6 cum gia cdng va viec bo tri cac cum gia cdng nay phai dam bao se khong anh hUdng den khong gian lam viec ciia may ciing nhu sU tien Idi trdng thao tac van hanh, bao dUdng

Thong thUdng, khi thiet ke mot day chuyen, dieu dau tien ma ngUdi thiet ke nghi den

la day chuyen dang t h i n g bdi no mang den sU d l "^

TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM, So 4 nam 2014

NGHIEN ClifU - TRAO DOI

dang trong ket cau ciing nhU tU duy nhUng nd 2.3 Tinh toan thiet ke

ciing lam cho kich thudc cong kenh, nang suat co

the khong dap Ung dUpc yeu cau de ra Tii do may

bdc vd tom vdi yeu cau nho gpn, nang suat cao

se sijf dung nguyen tac cau hoa thiet ke (hinh 3)

nham thu gpn thiet ke dong thdi de dang dap Ung

dupe cdng suat lam viec ciia cac nha may cdng

nghiep che bien

Thong sd dau vao ciia may bdc vd tdm:

- Nang suat yeu cau: 5000 con/gid

- Kha nang cdng nghe: Bdc vd dUpc tdm tU c6 16-20 cdn/pound den 41-50 cdn/pdund

Hinh 3: Sd do nguyen ly may boc vo torn

Nguyen ly boat dpng: Nguyen lieu tdm

dau vao dupe xep tren bang tai cap tdm (1) nhd

cdng nhan, sau khi tdm cap vao thi cum kep (2)

se tdm lay tdm, cum kep cd vai trd van chuyen

tdm Ian lupt qua cac cum gia cong khac, dong

thdi dinh vi tdm, khi cum kep van chuyen tdm

qua cum de (3), cum nay cd tac dung gdp phan

dinh hinh tom ddng thdi lam giam sii dinh ket

cua thit va vd tdm va tdm dUdc qua cum tach dot

cuoi (4) nham tach dot cuoi ciing cua con tdm ra

khdi nhUng dot cdn lai de d6 dang trong viec xe

va lay thit tdm trong cdng doan tiep theo, tiep den

khi tdm den cum xe lUng (5), mot dao cat se tien

hanh cat lung tdm, viec xe lung tdm cd y nghia

rat quan trpng vi khdng nhiing giup lay chi tdm

dUdc de dang d cdng doan sau ma cdn giup hinh

thanh kieu dang tdm mong muon Sau khi dUdc

cat, tdm se dUdc lay chi d cum danh chi (6), tiep

den la cdng doan tach thit ra khdi vd dUdc thUc

hien d cum lay thit (7), liic nay thit tom rdi khoi

vd de di vao khay chUa, tren cum kep liic nay chi

cdn vo tdm va nd se dUdc lam sach khdi may nhd

vao cum tach vd (8), mot chu trinh bdc vd tdm

hoan thanh, cum kep quay trd ve vi tri dau tien de

phuc vu cho chu trinh tiep theo

2.3.1 Cum kep tom

Do cd 6 cum gia cdng nen tii yeu cau dd ta phai tien hanh thiet ke 6 cum kep torn dUdc b6 tri deu tren banh dan nhU hinh 4:

i Cum kep; 2 Banh dan dong cum kep

Hinh 4: Sd do bo tri cum kep

Xuat phat tU yeu cau thiet ke dau tien ciia may la: 5000 (cou/gid )

Dau tien ta chpn banh dSn la mot banh rang tru rang thing Idn cd 6 cum kep tU dd suy ra van toe vdng tren mam dinh vi

la-q

" " 6 0 ^ (y°'^3/phut)

Trong dd:

q: nang suat yeu cSu (con/gid);

x: so cum kep

5 0 0 0 1 2 5 vbng

•- ^ 13,89 ( ^ i

9 ^phuf'

Suy ra: n = 60.6

2.3.2.Cum de torn

Bp phan chinh cua cum de tdm chinh la con Ian de dUdc truyen dpng quay dong thdi nd

se tao ra lUc nen F len than tdm (hinh 5)

TAP CHI CO KHi VIET NAM Sd 4 nam 2014

NGHIEN CUfU - TRAO D O I

2.3.4 Cum danh chi tdm

Cum danh chi tdm (hinh 7) gom cd 2 chdi danh chi (1) dUdc lam bang nhUa, quay ngupc chieu nhau de lam sach dUdng chi tdm (2) Vdi dac diem lam sach dUdng chi tdm ma khdng anh hudng xau den chat lUdng thit la dieu quan trpng thi can phai thi nghiem vdi cac toe dp khac nhau

de tim dUdc thong so toi Uu la dieu can thiet

1) Con Ian de 2) Than tdm; 3) Cum kep torn

Hinh 5: Cum de torn

2.3.3 Cum xe liing tdm

Cum xe lUng (hinh 6): cd thanh phan

chinh la dao cat dang ffia trdn (1) quay vdi toe

do cao de xe lUng tdm giiip dinh hinh kieu tdm

thanh pham dong thdi anh hUdng den cdng doan

danh chi va lay thit sau dd Viec xac dinh lUc cat

can thiet cua dao dia la rat quan trpng, nd quyet

dinh den chat lUdng thanh pham, theo nghien

cUu [1] thi liic cat can thiet dUde xac dinh bang

con dUdng thUe nghiem b i n g each ngan loadcell

len dao de do cae che dp khac nhau qua dd tim

dUdc lUc can thiet F = 22 N Vdi yeu cau tad dUdc

nhieu kieu tdm khac nhau nen dao cat cd the de

dang dieu chinh de thay doi chieu sau cat

^

1

H L^^i

1

/ /

r

;

^ 3

"4

1) Dao cat dang dia; 2) Thanh dinh vi;

3) Than torn; 4) Kep torn; 5) Chi torn

Hinh 6: Xe lUng torn

fy

' ':: ,''T

3 •—

_''

A " _

' : y : ^

~^"^'' ••' / ! ' {

^k:-

- ~ - ' r ; j

Hirdng tdm di chuv^n

1) Choi danh chi torn; 2) Chi tdm 3) Than tom; 4) Kep tom Hinh 7: Cum danh chi

2.3.5 Cum lay thit torn

Cau tao cum lay thit nhU (hinh 8) bao gom: Cac kim (4) dUde gan tren 1 true trUpt mang kim (2) se giup lay di phan thit khdi vd tdm De dieu khien cho true trUdt (2), ta dung mot cam (1)

1

2

n

1) Cam; 2) True trUdt mang kim

3) Ranh trUdt; 4) Kim lay thit

Hinh 8: Cum lay thit

TAP CHI C O KHI VIET NAM, So 4 nam 2014

NGHIEN cOfU - TRAO 061

2.3.6 Cum tach vd tdm 3 KET LUAN

Vdi tac dung loai bd vd tdm khdi may nen Chung tdi da thiet ke may (hinh 10) vdi

nd cung cd thiet ke tUdng tU nhU cum danh chi nang suat 200 (kg/gid) cd kich thUdc bao: 1200 nhUng nd chi cd mot chdi qua trdn (mm) x 710 (mm) x 1100 (mm) (dai x rong x cao)

2.3.7 Sd do truyen ddng cua may

May dupe thiet ke (hinh 9) vdi mot dong

ca xoay chieu 1 pha truyen ddng chinh den banh

dan, tU day cac cd cau truyen ddng hanh tinh se

dupe bo tri xung quanh banh d^n de lay cdng suat

tU banh dan de truyen cho cae cum gia cdng

Tren cd sd thiet ke nay, chung tdi dang che tao lap rap va thi nghiem may

1) Banh dan; 2) Khoi cum kep

Hinh 9: Sd do dong chinh cua may

Hinh 10: Thiet ke tong the

Nhflng ket qua thUe nghiem ban dau

ehUng to may dap Ung dUdc vdi yeu cau di ra.*>

Ngay nhan bai: 12/3/2014

Ngay phan bien: 15/4/2014

Tai lieu tham khac:

[Ij Sirintra Boonsumrej, Saiwarun Chaiwanichsiri, Sumate Tantratian, Toru Suzuki, Rikuo Takai, Effects of freezing and thawing on the quality changes of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) frozen by air-blast and cryogenic freezing, 2006

[2] Jonsson, Shrimp Peeling Systems - For Faster, Better, Cheaper Shrimp Processing, Jonsson 2011 13] Huynh Chi Hy, Researching, Designing and Manufacturing of a Device for Shrimp Cutting and Straightening

to Export, MEng Thesis, University of Technical Education Ho Chi Minh City, 2012

TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM, S6 4 nam 2014