PREPOSITIONS 1 Giới từu chỉ thời gian after, at, before, by, during, for, from, in, on, since, throughout, until, within 2 Giới từ chỉ địa điểm / nơi chốn above, across, at, before, behind, below, ben[.]
Trang 11 Giới từu chỉ thời gian.
after, at, before, by, during, for, from, in, on, since, throughout, until, within
2 Giới từ chỉ địa điểm / nơi chốn.
above, across, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, beyond, by, in, on, over, through, to, toward, under, within.
* Một số giới từ thông thường:
a AT, IN, ON
- AT: dùng trước thời gian ngắn: giờ, phút giây…
At 10 o’clock; at thí moment; at 10 a.m
- ON: dùng trước thời gian chỉ: ngày, thứ ngày (trong lịch…)
On Sunday, on this day…
- IN: dùng trước thời gian dài: tháng, mùa, năm,…
In June; in July; in Spring; in 2015
b IN, INTO, OUT OF
- IN: dùng chỉ vị trí (địa ddiiemr – không chuyển hướng)
In the classroom; in the concert hall; in the box…
- INTO: dùng chỉ sự chuyển động từ ngoài vào trong.
I go into the classroom
- OUT OF: dùng chỉ sự chuyển động từ trong ra ngoài.
I go out of the classroom
c FOR, DURING, SINCE:
- FOR: dùng để chỉ khoảng thời gian.
For two months, for four weeks, for the last few years…
- DURING: dùng để chỉ hành động xảy ra trong suốt thời gian của sự vật, sự kiện:
During Christmas time; During the film; During the play…
- SINCE: dùng để đánh dấu thời gian
since last Saturday, since yesterday
Trang 2d AT, TO
- AT: dùng để chỉ sự cố định ở một vị trí nào đó tương đối nhỏ, vì nếu diện tích nơi đó lớn hơn ta dùng
“in”
At the door; AT home; At school
In Hanoi, In the world
- TO: dùng chỉ sự chuyển động tới một nơi nào đó.
Go to the window; go to the market
e ON, OVER, ABOVE
- ON: dùng chỉ vị trí đứng liền ngay ở trên
on the table; on the desk …
- OVER, ABOVE: chỉ vị trí trên có khoảng cách
Ví dụ: The plane is flying over my city
There is a clock above the door
f TILL, UNTIL (tới, cho tới khi)
- TILL: dùng cho thời gian và không gian.
Wait for me till next Friday (thời gian)
They walked till the end of the road (không gian)
- UNTIL: dùng với thời gian.
He did not come back until 11.pm yesterday (thời gian)
g between (ở giữa 2 vật / người), among (giữa đám đông)
From =từ >< to= đến
Out of + noun = hết, không còn
Out of town = đi vắng
Out of date=cũ, lạc hậu >< up to date = mới, cập nhật
Out of work = thất nghiệp, mất việc
Out of the question = không thể trả lời
Out of order = hỏng, không hoạt động
Trang 3By:
động từ chỉ chuyển động + by = đi ngang qua (walk by the library)
động từ tĩnh + by = ở gần (your books are by the window)
by + thời gian cụ thể = trước lúc, cho đến lúc (hành động cho đến lúc đó phải xảy ra.)
by + phương tiện giao thông = đi bằng
by far + so sánh (thường là so sánh bật nhất) => dùng để nhấn mạnh
by accident = by mistake = tình cờ, ngẫu nhiên >< on purose
In time for = In good time for = Đúng giờ (thường kịp làm gì, hơi sớm hơn giờ đã định một chút)
In the street = dưới lòng đường
In the morning / afternoon / evening
In the past / future = trước kia, trong quá khứ / trong tương lai
In future = from now on = từ nay trở nay
In the beginning / end = at first / last = thoạt đầu / rốt cuộc
In the middle of (địa điểm) = ở giữa
In + the + STT + row = hàng thứ
In the event that = trong trường hợp mà
On + a / the + phương tiện giao thông = trên chuyến / đã lên chuyến …
On the + STT + floor = ở tầng thứ …
On time = vừa đúng giờ (bất chấp điều kiện bên ngoài, nghĩa mạnh hơn in time)
On the sidewalk = pavement = trên vỉa hè
On the way to : trên đường đến >< on the way back to: trên đường trở về
On the right / left
On T.V / on the radio
On the phone / telephone = gọi điện thoại, nói chuyện điện thoại
On the phone = nhà có mắc điện thoại (Are you on the phone?)
On the whole = nói chung, về đại thể
On the other hand = tuy nhiên = however
Trang 4on foot = đi bộ
At + số nhà
At home / school / work
At night / noon
At least = chí ít, tối thiểu >< at most = tối đa
At once = ngay lập tức
At present / the moment = now
At times = đôi khi, thỉnh thoảng
At first = thoạt đầu >< at last = cuối cùng
At the beginning of / at the end of… = ở đầu / ở cuối (dùng cho thời gian và địa điểm)
At + tên các ngày lễ + day = on Christmas day…
At / on / in thường được không dùng trong các thành ngữ chỉ thời gian khi có mặt: next, last, this, that, one, any, each, every, some, all
* Tính từ đi với giới từ:
- TO: acceptable, accustomed, agreeable, contrary, harmful, kind, likely, lucky, important, open,
pleasant, similar, angry …
- OF: afraid, ahead, aware, capable, full, centre, confident, tired, fond…
- FOR: difficult, late, perfect, sorry, useful, famous, ready…
- AT: clever, good, bad, quick, present, amused…
- WITH: acquainted, crowded, popular, fed up, bored, wondered, wrong,…
- IN: interested, rich, successful…
-FROM: absent, safe, different …
- ABOUT: confused, sad, serious, excited, worried…
I Put in the correct preposition: at, on or in.
1 The course begins 7 January and ends 10 March
2 I went to bed _ midnight and got up _ 6.00 the next morning
3 Mozart was born Salzburg _ 1756
4 There are usually a lot of parties _ New Year’s Eve
Trang 55 Mary and Henry always go out for a meal their wedding anniversary.
6 The price of electricity is going up _ October
7 I might not be at home _ the morning Can you phone afternoon
8 Tom doesn’t see his parents very often these days – usually only _ Christmas and sometimes the summer for a few days
9 Tom’s grandfather died _ 1977 the age of 79
10 I’m going out to do some shopping I’ll be back _ half an hour
11 The doorbell and the telephone rang _ the same time
12 Do you fancy going to the cinema _ Friday night?
13 Hurry up We’ve got to go five minutes
14 Are you doing anything special the weekend?
15 Carol got married _ 17, which is rather young to get married
II Complete the sentences with in, at or on.
1 Turn left the traffic lights
2 You’ll find the cups _ the top shelf
3 It can be dangerous when children play football the street
4 We got stuck in a traffic jam _ the way on the airport
5 Ann’s brother lives _ a small village _ the south coast of England
6 Paris is _ the river Seine
7 Do you take sugar _ your coffee?
8 Mr Brown’s office is _ the first floor When you come out of the lift, it’s the third door _ your left
9 Look at those beautiful horses _ that field
10 I’ll meet you _ the corner of the street 10 o’clock
11 I can’t find Tom _ this photograph Is he it?
12 You’ll find the sports results the back page of the newspaper
13 I didn’t see you the party on Saturday Where were you?
14 Tom’s ill He wasn’t work today He was _ home bed
Trang 616 Paul is a student _ London University.
17 The exhibition the art gallery finished Saturday afternoon
18 What time did you arrrive London
19 When we arrived _ London Station, there was a long queue outside
20 He speaks quite good French He studied _ Paris for a year
III Supply the correct prepositions.
1 It’s very nice you to let me use your car Thank you very much
2 Why are you always so rude your parents? Can you be nice them?
3 It wasn’t polite _ him to leave without saying thank you
4 I don’t understand people who are cruel animals
5 Why do you always get so annoyed little things?
6 The people next door are annoyed us making so much noise last night
7 We enjoyed our holiday but we were rather disappointed _ the hotel
8 I was surprised _ the way he behaved It was quite out of character
9 She doesn’t often go out at night She’s afraid _ the dark
10 I’ve been trying to learn Spanish but I’m not satisfied _ my progress
11 Jill starts her new job on Monday She’s quite excited _ it
12 I was shocked what you said You should be ashamed _ yourself
13 Did you know that Linda is engaged a friend of mine
14 I had never seen so many people before I was astonished _ the crowds
15 Bill has been doing the same job for too long He’s bored it
16 These days everybody is aware the dangers of smoking
17 Are you still upset what I said to you yesterday?
18 She’s quite nice but I wouldn’t like to be married _ her
19 I’m hopeless repairing things
20 I’m not very good tennis
21 I’d rather not go to an Indian restaurant I’m not very keen Indian food
22 I’m sorry the smell in this room It’s just been painted
Trang 723 The police are responsible maintaining law and order.
24 Ann is very fond her younger brother
25 Britain certainly isn’t famous _ its food
26 This place is always very lively at night It’s usually crowded _ people
27 That man’s very honest He isn’t capable telling a lie
28 Our house is similar theirs – I think ours is a bit larger
29 I felt sorry the cildren when we went on holiday It rained very hard and we had to spend most of the time indoors
30 Bill and I come from the same town but my accent is different _ his
IV Underline one correct preposition in each sentence.
1 Your father is very kind (with for / to / in) David
2 His book is different (about / from / for / between) mine
3 Your plan is similar (with / to / of / for) his
4 The boy is afraid (of / on / in / about) snakes
5 She is accustome (with / to / on / of getting up early
6 That student is very quick (with / at / for / about) mathematics
7 He has been absent (from / of / to / with) school lately
8 They are interested (in / on / about / with) buying a new house
9 Smoking is harmful (for / with / to / about) our health
10 He is accustomed (to / with / for / in) driving fast like this
11 This theatre is often crowded (with / to / on / about) viewers
12 It was very nice (to / of / in / for) him to give me a lift
13 Contrary (to / with / for / about) his doctor’s orders, he has gone back to work
14 Don’t worry (about / with / to / for) the money! I’ll lend you
15 They have been waiting (for / with / to / at) the bus for half an hour
16 Ken prefers Chinese food (about / to / over / with) French food
17 I have been looking (after / for / into / at) my dog for two days but I haven’t seen it yet
18 Don’t make noise! I’m concerning (to / on / in / at) the question
Trang 819 I usually regard him (with / in / as / at) my close friend.
20 Congratulate you (in / to / on / with) winning the game
21 I feel very hot because the electricity has gone (off / out / along / after)
22 The book is divided (to / in / into / for) three parts
23 I wrote to the company asking them (to / for / about / with) more information about the job
24 Her children are very quick (with / about / at / for) computer games
25 This kind of music is popular (for / to / with / about) the young
26 Boys are fond (in / of / on /at) playing football
27 She’s very worried (for / with / at / about) her mother’s health
28 Henry was born (on / in / at / to) 1992
29 Lisa is very good (at / with / in / about) chemistry
30 The forest fire went (after / off / out / along) after two days
31 I always find it hard to keep pace (up / with / for / on) Nam, one of the best students in my class
32 What do you often do (in / on / at / of) the evening?
33 Smoking is not good (for / at / about / of) our health
34 The future of a country depends (in / at / on / from) the youth
35 There is a great difference (from / between / about / for) these two things
36 My father insisted (in / on / of / at) building a new house
37 We are looking forward (in / at / for / to) seeing you again