KINDS OF ADVANCED SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION PATTERNS Các chuyên đề NGỮ PHÁP CHUYÊN SÂU BÀI GIẢNG CHUYÊN SÂU BỒI DƯỠNG HỌC SINH GIỎI – MÔN TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN ĐỀ 5 BỒI DƯỠNG KIẾN THỨC NÂNG CAO VỀ GERUNDS AN[.]
Trang 1BÀI GIẢNG CHUYÊN SÂU BỒI DƯỠNG HỌC SINH GIỎI – MÔN TIẾNG ANH
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 5: BỒI DƯỠNG KIẾN THỨC NÂNG CAO VỀ GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES
GERUND AND INFINITIVES (1) Structures with To Infinitive: It + …
1 It takes/took Sb Time to do St
E.g - We go to school in 20 minutes => It … (takes us 20 minutes to go to school.)
2 It + be(ht) + Adj + to Infi V.ing + be(ht) + Adj
E.g - It’s not difficult to learn English => Learning … (English is not difficult.)
3 It + be(tense) + For Sb + Adj + to Infi Find it + Adj + to Infi Find + V.ing + Adj
E.g - He finds it difficult to learn Chinese It … (is difficult for him to learn Chinese.)
He finds … (learning Chinese difficult.)
4 It + be(tense) + a/an + N + (For Sb) + to Infi
E.g - Learning English is a must => It is a must for you to learn English
5 It + be(tense) + Adj + of + Sb + to Infi (Chỉ áp dụng cho các Adj nói về tính cách: kind, nice, thoughtless, silly, …)
E.g - I wish you hadn’t done that (thoughtless) => It … (was thoughtless of you to do that.)
- You shouldn’t have left that company (silly) => It … (was silly of you to leave that company.)
GERUND AND INFINITIVES (2) Other Structures with Gerund and Infinitives
1 V/Phrases/Structures + V.ing: enjoy, hate, regret, involve/mean (bao gồm, có nghĩa là phải …), succeed in,
Be arrested for (bị bắt vì), deny, prevent Sb from …, there’s no point in/ It’s no use/It’s no good/It’s pointless (vô ích, … chẳng ích gì) Be on the point of (vừa định), It’s a waste of time (lãng phí thời gian), …
E.g - We was about to leave when the phone rang (point) => We was … (on the point of leaving when the
…)
- You are wasting time asking him for help (point) => There’s … (no point in asking him for help.)
2 V/Phrases/Structures + To Infinitive: fail to do St, manage to do St, appear/seem/happen to do St, be (un)able to do St, lead Sb to do St (khiến ai làm gì), enable Sb to do St, resolve to do St (kiên quyết)
Trang 2=> It took …
7 Mastering a second language takes time and patience
=> It …
b Other Structures with IT and To Infinitive/V.ing …
1 It is better to make a wrong decision than to make no decision at all
=> Making a wrong decision …
2 Handicapped people find shopping in supermarkets difficult
=> It is …
3 Living in the city is exciting
=> Some people find it …
4 Safeguarding our natural resources is now a must
12 I wish you hadn’t thrown that out silly => It was ……… that out
13 I wish I’d told the others about this mistake => It was ……… the others about this
14 Making a speech to a large audience can be very frightening
=> It …
15 Inviting them to take part might be a good idea => It …
16 I am honoured to be here tonight on this very special occasion
=> It …
17 No one can predict the future accurately => It …
18 Roses can’t possible grow in such poor land => It’s impossible
19 The firemen had to break the door down necessary
=> It ……… to break the door down
20 It’s not common for women to be racing drivers seldom => Racing drivers ……… women
21 It’s unusual for Jane to lose at backgammon hardly => Jane ………at backgammon
22 It’s rare for my sister to take a holiday goes => My sister ……… holiday 23.Brian must do exercise to strengthen his back after the surgery (compulsory)
=> It …
24 Can Mr Bailey deliver the letters by tomorrow? => Is it …
25 It’s hardly possible to reach the peak of the mountain on foot
=> It’s nearly
26 Should you practice the piano so often? (advisable) => …
27 We shouldn’t have wasted so much time waiting for the film star to turn up (worth)
=> It
Trang 3PRACTICE : V/Phrases/Structues + V.ing
1 He stole some money and was arrested for it => He was …
2 I have to write letters, but I hate it => I hate …
3 John failed to find the source of the River Nile => John did not succeed …
4 If I had worked hard, I wouldn’t have failed the exam => Tom regretted …
8 Henry denied stealing Mary’s handbag => Henry said that …
9 We couldn’t drive because of the fog => The fog …
12 Richard reduced his intake of fatty food and lost seven kilos in a month!
=> Richard cut …
13 While mending the road, the accidentally blocked our water pipes
=> They accidentally cut off …
15 They always make fun of me and I hate it => I hate …
16 I don’t see the point of redecorating this room => Redecorating this room …
17 I’m always nervous when I take exams => Taking …
18 Mrs Scott is proud of her cooking => Mrs Scott prides …
19 You can try to get Tim to lend you his car but you won’t succeed
=> There’s no point …
20 They were unable to finish their tennis game because of a heavy shower
=> A heavy shower …
21 It’s not worth trying to make her change her mind => There’s …
22 I’ll be happy to give you a lift => I don’t mind …
23 He was sorry didn’t say goodbye to her at the airport => He regretted …
24 Why not go there by bus? => Anne suggested …
25 You can try to get Jim to lend you his car, but you won’t succeed => There’s noi point …
26 Why don’t you put your luggage under the seat? => He suggested …
27 The driver said it was true that he didn’t have a licence => The driver admitted …
28 I hate to get up in the dark => I can’t …
29 Seeing Nelson Mandela will always in my memory => I’ll never …
30 We couldn’t drive because of the fog => The fog prevented …
31 I realized I had said something wrong (conscious) => …
32 Collecting stamps from foreign countries is one of Jane’s interests
=> Jane …
33 He takes great delight in proving others wrong (enjoys) => He …
34 Reading scientific books is one of my interests => I am …
35 The tram couldn’t run because of the storm => The storm …
36 My English friend finds using chopsticks difficult => My English friend isn’t …
37 It won’t be difficult to get a ticket for the game => You won’t have any …
38 Driving on the left is strange and difficult for Americans => Americans aren’t …
39 My aunt sent me a wonderful present => I must write and thank …
40 Some people ruin their own lives => But you just can’t prevent …
41 There’s no point in phoning Caroline – she’s away (time)
=> …
42 You can try to get Tim to lend you his car but you won’t succeed (point)
=> …
43 Maile was angry because his sister had broken his cassettle player
=> Maile was angry with …
44 Six cars were stolen from the car park A teenage boy is responsible
=> A teenage boy is responsible …
45 Zuthato likes visiting old churches => Zuthato is …
46 The manager insisted on our wearing dark suits (wear)
=> …
Trang 447 Ann paints her landscapes with great pleasure => Ann takes …
48 She was afraid She did not spend the night alone (of) => …
49 Why don’t we have a good time in the casino this night? => How …
50 If I take the job I’ll have to move to Paris => Taking the job …
51 It’s very kind of you to give a lift => I appreciate …
52 It would be a good idea to use honey instead of sugar => Why don’t you try …
53 I’m quite happy to look after the baby for you => I don’t mind …
54 I’m sorry I didn’t go to university (regret) => …
55 There is a risk that he will miss the plane if he waits (risks) => …
56 Calling Jim is pointless, because his phone is out of order (use) => …
57 He has refused to keep guard at night (an objection)
58 You waste time if you copy your work out again, don’t do it => Don’t …
59 Brenda really hate staying in expensive hotels => Brenda can’t …
60 If you work for this company, you have to travel a lot => Working for this company involves …
61 Joe doesn’t like it when people treat him like a child => Joe resents …
62 You should go to the dentist at once => Don’t put …
63 Dickens’ last novel was unfinished when he died (without)
=> …
64 Be sure to say goodbye to your grandmother before you leave (without)
=> …
65 The professor has been occupied with preparing the exam questions (busy)
66 The boys clearly intended to make trouble when they entered the hotel
=> The boys were …
67 Staying on late at work is becoming less of a problem for me (used)
=> …
68 She won’t allow you to leave the building, will she? (intent)
=> …
69 Andy is terribly bored with his new occupation => Andy finds …
(Andy finds his new occupation terribly boring.)
70 Although we sent a message, there was no reply (tried) => …
71 I have no memory of when I found this book (remember) => …
72 Perhaps finding someone to replace her is proving difficult for him
75 He said that nobody had given him money => He denied …
76 It’s not normal for me to have to work this hard => I am not …
77 Perhaps, I will spend this night in a hotel (thinking) => …
78 John was sorry to have made such a fuss at the party => John regretted …
79 They continued to suggest that I was lying (persist) => …
80 The accident victim was having increasing difficulty in breathing (DIFFICULT)
81 You have done really well to pass your driving test so quickly
Trang 584 Have they got anything against our sleeping in their tent? (mind)
88 We decided not to look for another flat for a couple of months (PUT)
=> We decided to ……… for another flat for a couple of months
89 I wish I hadn’t said I’d help Manuel move house this weekend (REGRET)
=> I ……… I’d help Manuel move house this weekend
90 Treating her like that was very unfair (DERSERVE)
=> She ……… treated like that
91 I hope he wasn’t offended when I told him I thought he was putting on weight
=> I hope he didn’t ……… I thought he was putting on weight
92 Mrs Wilson says she’s sorry she didn’t attend the meeting yesterday morning
=> Mrs Wilson sends …
93 For further information, please send a self-addressed envelope to the above address
=> Further information can …
94 There’s no point in your phoning Caroline – she’s away (TIME)
=> …
95 Clara said that she had not seen the missing letter (having)
=> Clara ……… the missing letter
96 It took Layla five minutes to find her car keys (spent)
=> Layla ……… for her car keys
97 Rosa found it very difficult to persuade her boss to give her a pay rise (great)
=> Rosa had ……… her boss to give her a pay rise
98 Because of its price, the book may never become a bestseller (prevent)
=> The price of the book may ……… a bestseller
99 Have you always been interested in hunting? (fond) => …
100 We got started on the new project immediately (time)
=> We lost ……… on the new project
101 He’s likely to lose his job if he keeps disagreeing with his boss (danger)
=> If he keeps disagreeing with his boss, he’s ……… from his job
102 He no longer thinks he can find a job before the end of the year (hope)
=> He has given ……… a job before the end of the year
103 There is no way Lisa will give up her independence to get married (of)
=> Lisa has ……… up her independence to get married
104 Our son wants to see the military parade very much (anxious)
=> …
105 At the beginning of the program the panel of experts discussed the media and its importance in education
(discussion)
=> The panel of experts started the program ……… the media an its importance in education
106 The company is unable to guarantee an allocated car-park space to all employees (count)
=> The company’s employees shouldn’t ……… allocated a car-parking space
107 The guide recommended we should leave very early (our)
108 Mark doesn’t like to be told what to do => Mark hates …
109 How did you manage to carry such a heavy suitcase? (cope) => …
Trang 6110 The pool closes in ten minutes, so there isn’t enough time to go swimming now (WORTH)
=> It ……… now as the pool closes in ten minutes
111 James would only speak to the head of department alone (ON)
=> James ……… to the head of department alone
112 If you run every day, your breathing improves quickly running
=> Daily ……… your breathing
113 The students regretted that they had missed the lecture => The students regretted not …
114 I write to him almost everyday => Hardly …
115 He was offered a job but rejected it so that he could carry on with his studies turned
=> He was offered a job but ……… order to carry on with his studies
116 She says she finds nothing unusual about stormy weather in this country (used)
120 He locked the gate so that the dog wouldn’t escape prevent
=> He locked the gate ……… escaping
121 They did not like to pay extra taxes objected => They ……… ……… extra taxes.
122 It is often difficult to find an answer to a problem solution
=> Finding ……….… a problem is often difficult
123 I advised him to stop smoking suggested => I ……… stop smoking.
124 My mother doesn’t like us to stay out late approve
=> My mother doesn’t ……… …… out late
125 They could not understand what she said difficulty => They ……… what she said.
126 She caught the early bus so that she would not be late for work avoid
=> She caught the early bus ……….… late for work
127 He found it hard to start the car difficulty => He _ the car.
128 ‘You really must stay the night,’ he said to us insisted => He the night.
129 ‘Would you like to play tennis on Friday?’ Emily asked Nick felt
=> Emily asked Nick tennis on Friday
130 We couldn’t drive home because of heavy snow prevented
=> Heavy snow ……… … home
131 She didn’t say goodbye when she left without => She ……… goodbye
132 Murat doesn’t mind driving for two hours to work everyday (used)
=> Murat _ for two hours to work everyday
133 He doesn't often find it difficult to earn money (trouble) => He seldom ………
134 You're like another person I've met here recently (else)
=> You remind I've met here recently
135 I think it would be a good idea if you joined the beginner's class SUGGEST
=> I ……… the beginners class
136 I'll help you with your homework MIND => I you with your homework
137 I hated driving on the left at first but now it's OK USED => I on the left
now
138 I don't think it's a good idea to get married too early IN => I don't too early.
139 Did you manage to convince him? IN => Did you him?
140 Do you mind if I come over to see you later? OBJECTION
=> Do you coming over to see you later?
Trang 7141 If you must be noisy could you go outside and play INSIST
=> If you noise could you go outside to play
142 I want to go to university this year INTERESTED => I to university this year
143 Anthony claimed that the other man caused the collision (accused)
=> …
144 We demanded to see the hotel manager to make our complaint SEEING
=> We the hotel manager to make our complaint
145 The boss wouldn't object to you going early today OBJECTION
=> The boss would not you going early today
146 Did you manage to get in contact with the boss today? getting
=> Did you in contact with the boss today?
147 'Why don't you come over for dinner at the weekend?' he asked her suggested
=> He for dinner at the weekend
148 Being rude is inexcusable excuse => There is ……… rude
149 I find driving on the left in England very strange accustomed
=> I on the left in England
150 Do you mind if I come over to see you later? OBJECTION
=> Do you ……… ……… coming over to see you later?
151 Was it difficult for you to assemble the set? (difficulty) => …
152 I was really bored by the film last night FOUND => I ……… last night
153 They say they don’t want to play cricket any more (bored)
=> …
154 I can’t wait to see the sights in London FORWARD => I am ……… the sights in
London
155 Tom, wouldn’t it be a good idea to take the students swimming tomorrow? HOW
=> Tom, ……… the students swimming tomorrow?
156 I am starting to find watching television boring FED
=> I am beginning to get ……… television
157 Looking back, I think I was right to study mathematics at university REGRET
=> Looking back, I ……… mathematics at university
158.‘Do you want to go for a walk?’ asked Bob FELT
=> Bob asked me ……… for a walk
159.The children are always fascinated by nature programmes on TV FIND
=> The children ……… when they watch them on TV
160 I am afraid I'm still having problems with understanding life in New York used
=> I ……… living in New York
161.I'd prefer it if you didn't smoke in here mind => ……… smoking in here
162 Can I accompany you to the party? mind => Do you ……… to the party?
163 He decided not to smoke any more as a result of his illness gave
=> He as a result of his illness
164 I don't fancy going to the cinema this afternoon feel
=> I to the cinema this afternoon
165 He finds it difficult to learn foreign languages problems
=> He ……… foreign languages
166 They didn't manage to play tennis due to the bad weather prevented
=> The bad weather _ tennis
167 The young clerk didn’t know how to deal with this complicated matter (capable)
=> …
168 In spite of countless obstacles, Jim succeeded in building his own house (successful)
Trang 8=> …
169 'I didn't break the glass' said Paul denied => Paul ……… the glass
170 It was hard for Sarah to understand him in => Sarah understanding him.
171 I haven't smoked since 1990 gave => I 1990
172 I would like you to help me do this English exercise => Do you mind …
173 It is interesting to go camping with friends in the summer => Going
174 Little Tommy was expecting Christmas with real delight (forward to)
=> …
175 She was afraid She did not spend the night alone (of)
176 Have you always wanted to become a teacher of English? => Have you been …?
177 Six cars were stolen from the car park A teenage boy is responsible
=> A teenage boy is responsible …
178 Zuthato likes visiting old churches => Zuthato is …
179 Maile was angry because his sister had broken his cassettle player => Maile was angry with …
180 My English friend finds using chopsticks difficult => My English friend isn’t …
181 There were many noisy students in the hall => The hall was crowded ………
182 Reading scientific books is one of my interests => I am …
183 It’s not a habit of mine to sleep in the afternoon => I am …
184 Collecting stamps from foreign countries is one of Jane’s interests
=> Jane …
185 I realized I had said something wrong (conscious) => …
186 “Do you want to go and see the new play at the Arts Centre?” Petra asked her friend (INTERESTED)
=> Petra asked her friend whether ……… to see the new play at the Arts Centre
play at the Arts Centre
187 Many people believe that Edilson has the ability to become world judo champion (CAPABLE)
=> Many people believe that Edilson ……… the world championship in judo
188 “I’m sorry, but there’s no way I’m going to sleep on the floor,” Naomi said (CLEAR)
=> Naomi made ……… prepared to sleep on the floor
189 Mr Porter has to lock all the doors at night after everyone has left (RESPONSIBLE)
=> The person who ……… all the doors at night after everyone has left is Mr Porter
190 The mouse frightened him scared => He
………the mouse
PRACTICE: Phrases/Structures + Infinitives
1 After fighting the fire for twelve hours, the firemen succeeded in putting it out
=> The firemen managed …
2 I expect that he will get there by lunch time => I expect him …
3 Everyone heard about the accident before I did => I was …
4 I’d rather not see him tomorrow => I don’t …
5 “You can leave early,” Mr Benson said to Alison => Mr.Benson let …
6 He failed to win the race => He didn’t …
7 When we were teenagers, we went to a lot of summer camps => We used …
8 John smoked cigarettes when he was a young man => John used …
9 My father said I could use his car => My father allowed …
10 Don’t stop him doing what he wants => Let …
11 I’ll finish the work tonight if you like => Would you like …
12 The teacher didn’t allow the class to leave before 4.30 => The teacher made …
Trang 913 My lawyer said I shouldn’t say anything to the police => My lawyer advised …
14 Climbing without a safety rope is forbidden => You aren’t …
15 Walking home alone is not a good idea => You …
16 I don’t want us to have a quarrel (you) => …
17 He couldn’t play well in the last match because of his injured knee => His injured knee made …
18 It’s not necessary for children to do homework every night => Children …
19 After a long chase, the police finally succeeded in arresting the thief (to)
=> …
20 You can trust me to finish the report on time => I promise …
21 My brother really wishes he could sing well (able) => My brother regrets not ……… well
22 Mr Pinchley doesn’t allow his teenage children to go out in the evenings
=> Mr Pinchley makes …
23 It is my impression that she is enjoying her new job a great deal
=> She seems …
24 The heavy snow made it impossible for them to have their picnic => They were …
24 I think going to see the match is preferable to staying at home in the afternoon
=> Rather than …
25 I preferred to take a course in psychology instead of wasting my time at the mathematics department
=> Rather than …
26 She earns too little to afford to buy expensive cosmetics => She doesn’t
27 She failed to get in touch with her solicitor (managed)
28 I must see the manager! => I demand …
29 You wouldn’t know where the Hilton Hotel is, would you? => Do you happen …
30 Winning the football pools meant we could buy a new car (enabled)
=> …
31 I believed you were the murderer because of this clue (led) => …
32 Does using the hotel swimming pool cost extra? (pay) => …
33 I think that this is the right street (appears) => …
34 Jean succeeded in finishing all her work on time (managed) =>
35 Is that the manager? I have a complaint about my room
=> Is that the manager? I wish …
36 I bet you wouldn’t ask David to come with you to the party! => I dare …
37 It was resolved that the matter would be brought up at the next meeting
=> They resolved …
38 The police were told that the use of unnecessary force was forbidden
=> The police were instructed …
39 All the hostages were released yesterday by the kidnappers (let)
=> …
40 Women are not allowed to enter the inner temple (let)
=> …
41 The censors regarded the film as not being suitable for young children
=> The film was considered …
42 The American champion is very tough; he’ll never give up (too)
43 I’m doing more work than I bargained for => I didn’t expect …
44 I missed my train because of the heavy traffic (MADE)
=> The heavy traffic ……… my train
45 I’m sorry that you’ve had to wait for me for so long (kept)
=> …
46 I have called this meeting in order to present the latest sales figures
=> My purpose …
Trang 1047 I’ll be happy to show you round the sights of my city when you come to visit me (take)
=> It will be a ……… sightseeing tour of my city when you come to visit me
48 The region is rich in natural resources (offer)
=> The region has a lot ……… terms of natural resources
49 Mark once worked for an international charity organization on a voluntary basis (as)
=> Mark used ……… with an international charity organization
50 I didn’t realize that she had decided to come to the meeting (decision)
=> I was unaware ……… attend the meeting
51 Paul wasn’t able to leave the house all day because of the terrible weather (impossible)
=> The terrible weather ……… Paul to leave the house all day
52 She doesn’t mind informing the rest of the party about the bad news (letting)
=> …
53 John thought it was very strange that Fred had not answered his letter (FAILURE)
=> John thought that ……… his letter was very strange
54 I don’t think you’ll have much difficulty understanding the local dialect (FIND)
=> I don’t think ……… to understand the local dialect
55 Jack was worried that he couldn’t think of any new ideas for the advertising campaign (INABILITY)
=> What worried Jack ……… up with any new ideas for the advertising campaign
56 Now the tourists have seen how beautiful it is here, there’s a very good chance they’ll return (HAVING)
=> The tourists are highly ……… how beautiful it is here
57 Yasmin’s uncle said to her that she should stop her children eating junk food (LET)
=> Yasmin’s uncle told her ……… junk food any more
58 I want to buy a car but, without your financial help, I’ll be unable to do it (ABLE)
=> I want to buy a car but I won’t ……… you help me financially
59 John didn’t know he had to phone his teacher if he was going to miss a class (MEANT)
=> John didn’t know ……… his teacher a ring if he was going to miss a class
60 My dream was always to go on the stage => It was …
61 It looked as if the carrots were bad appeared => The carrots ……… bad
62 Alexis has decided that he’ll go on Tuesday planning => Alexis ……… go on Tuesday
63 I started revising earlier so I could do more work order
=> I started revising earlier ………… do more work
64 He invented an illness in order to avoid having to go to school so
=> He invented an illness ……… to go to school
65 We won’t get to the airport in less than 30 minutes (least)
=> It will …… ……… 30 minutes to get to the airport
66 I was on the point of leaving the house when the telephone rang
=> I was …
67 It is difficult to tell the truth => The …
68 The peasants depend on a good harvest for their existence (continue)
=> The peasants depend on a good harvest …
69 “Why don’t you relax for a while?” she said to me (take) => She suggested ……… easy for a while
70 I don’t want to go to the meeting (rather) => …
71 Read the instructions first in order to save time later as
=> Read the instructions first ………… waste time later
72 My mother wouldn’t give me permission to go to the disco let
=> My mother ……… to the disco
73 “Why don’t you buy a bigger house, Sue?” said Amos should
=> Amos suggested ……… a bigger house
74 The organizing committee would be delighted if you would give the opening lecture at the conference
(INVITE)
Trang 11=> The organizing committee are pleased ……… the opening lecture at the conference
75 You didn’t tell me you were going to be away for a whole month (NEGLECTED)
=> You ……… you were going to be away for a whole month
76 This water is too cold to brew tea (enough) => …
77 “If Brian doesn’t train harder, I won’t select him for the team.” said the manager
=> The manager threatened …
78 The hijackers haven’t set any of the hostages free (go) => …
79 I left without saying goodbye as I didn’t want to disturb the meeting
=> Rather …
80 It’s not possible to play tennis because of the rain makes
=> The rain ……… to play tennis
81 Do your parents allow you to watch TV late at night? let
=> Do your parents ……… TV late at night?
82 “I’ll pick him up from the airport,” she said offered => She ……… from the airport.
83 I was so shocked that I couldn’t react wasn’t => I ……… …… react
84 How much is the bus fare from London to Cambridge? cost
=> How much ……… … from London to Cambridge by bus?
85 I can understand this quite well easy => It’s ……… understand this
86 The shelf was so high that he couldn’t reach it enough => The shelf was not ……….… reach.
87 We would rather stop than continue in this manner prefer
=> We ……… than to continue in this manner
88 He is helping his mother so that they can finish quickly order
=> He is helping his mother ……… quickly
89 You will have to pay at least £500 to get that watch impossible
=> You’ll find it _ that watch for less than £500
90 I don’t want to eat this now rather => I _ eat this now.
91 Mother walked in quietly so as to avoid waking the baby order
=> Mother walked in quietly the baby
92 I couldn’t concentrate fully because of the loud music difficult
=> The loud music _ fully
93 The tea is too hot to drink enough => The tea _ to drink.
94 Paul had difficulty in starting the car difficult => Paul the car.
95 David was too ill to go camping with us enough
=> David to go camping with us
96 Why wouldn’t she give you her telephone number? refuse
=> Why _ give you her telephone number?
97 The pop star left by the back exit so as to avoid meeting the press order
=> The pop start left by the back exit _ the press
98 I don’t really want to go out tonight prefer => I go out tonight
99 She couldn’t concentrate because the room was so hot difficult
=> The heat in the room to concentrate
100 We were surprised to see Pamela at the party expect
=> We _ to see Pamela at the party
101 It’s a four-hour journey from Swansea to London travel
=> It _ from Swansea to London
102 I don’t really want to leave yet rather => I ……….… leave yet.
103 Why are you interested in taking up a new hobby? want => Why
……… up a new hobby?
104 It was difficult for my mother to set up the new software (found)
=> My mother _ up the new software
105 Shall I call Mr Paro for you? (me)
Trang 12=> Would Mr Paro for you?
106 Roberto took a month to design the concept car (him)
=> It to design the concept car
107 It’s not necessary to take a lot of luggage when going on holiday much
=> You ……… luggage whengoing on holiday
108 “Don’t open it!” he said warned => He ……… open it
109 Ask Paul to do it You can rely on him let => Ask Paul to do it He _
110 It's really important that you pay the bill today REMEMBER
=> You must the bill today
111 Meeting John in town was really surprising EXPECT => I John in town
112 In the future she became a successful business woman WENT
=> She a successful business woman
113 It seemed that they had visited the place before => They seemed ……
(They seemed to have visited the place before.)
114 Were you successful in passing the exam? MANAGE
=> Did the exam?
115 Making new friends was easy for her DIFFICULT => She didn't
……… new friends
116 Feel free to telephone if you have any further problems CALL
=> Do not ……… if you have any further problems
117 Could I borrow some change for the telephone? LEND => Could ……… some change for the telephone?
118 My teacher suggested that I spent the summer in England ADVISED
=> My teacher ……… the summer in England
119 We are noticing a rise in the cost of living again APPEARS => The cost of living
……… again
120 I am so exhausted that I won’t be able to go out tonight TOO
=> I ……… go out tonight
121.One runner did not succeed in finishing the race ABLE
=> One runner ……… the race
122 Remember to return the videos you have rented BACK
=> Don’t ……… the videos you have rented
123.‘What about going for a swim?’ John said to me SHOULD => John
……… for a swim
124 They wanted to apologize for their behaviour: that's why they paid for dinner order
=> They paid for dinner ……… for their behaviour
125 It isn't necessary to bring skis as they are included in the package have
=> You ……… bring skis as they are included in the package
126 When I was a child, we would go to the local park every Saturday afternoon used
=> When I was a child, ……… the park every Saturday
127 Magda allows her children to stay up to midnight on Saturday evenings let
=> Magda ……… late on Saturdays
128 He couldn't find me at the exhibition find => He wasn't able ……… me
131 It doesn't need to be finished this afternoon finish => It ……… this afternoon
132 It isn't necessary to buy a first class ticket have => You ……… a first class ticket.
Trang 13133 They found it tiring working for him made => Working for
134 Nobody managed to work out the correct answer (failed) => …
135 He told me he didn't want to play football with me rather
=> He told me football with me
136 Maria doesn't want to go swimming today rather
=> Maria _ go swimming today
137 'I wouldn't touch that switch if I were you,' said Jane to her son warned
=> Jane touch the switch
138 Could you ring me at 10 o'clock, please? you
=> I'd like at 10 o'clock, please
139 Why wouldn't your sister allow you to see her new house? let
=> Why wouldn't _ see her new house?
140 David is too young to drive a car old => David ……… drive a car.
141 The policeman told the thief to empty his pockets => The policeman made …
142 The robber came from the back door => I could feel …
143 It was so late that nothing could be done => It was too late …
144 Xuyên was too ill to go to school => Xuyên was not …
145 He learned to speak English well in only one year => It took _
146 Leaving the medicine around the house is not safe => It is not
147 Apparently,Sheila wasn't listening to me.(appear) => Sheila ……… listening to me.
148 You shouldn't complain about the service here: it's not worth it
=> It would be absurd for
149 What was the reason for his resignation? (made) => …
150 You don’t have to worry about the future (no need) => There …
151 The books were so dear that I couldn’t afford them expensive
=> The books were ……… to buy
152 We may come a bit late this evening (likely)
153 Is there any likelihood of their passing the exams? => Are they likely …
154 I'm certainly not going to give you any more money => I have no …
155 This factory needs to produce more if it is to survive (output)
PRACTICE: Other Idiomatic Structures with V.ing/Infinitives
1 He told her the ghost story He wanted to keep her at home at night (with a view to)
=> …
2 She didn’t say a word as she left the room => She left the room …
3 Paul went to see the bank manager about getting a loan (view)
=> …
4 It’s not a habit of mine to sleep in the afternoon => I am …
5 As I intended to expand my shop, I made an offer for the premises next door (with a view to)
=> …
6 Mark is a passionate skier and he also takes part in skateboarding tournaments
=> Apart from …
7 I support the notion to lift the trade embargo (for) => …
8 You may have serious problems if you don’t have any health insurance (bound)
=> …
9.Can the conflict be only solved by force? => Isn’t there …
10 Do we have to work only night shifts all the time? => is there no alternative
11 I couldn’t do anything but suspend the driver’s licence (no option)
=> I …
12 Our grandfather cannot hear well because of his old age (hard)
Trang 14=> …
13 I was just going to leave my office when the phone rang (about)
14 Michael works overtime because he wants to pay off his debts (view)
15 Alan is both a good sprinter and a skilled jumper => Besides …
16 Several workers refused to join the strike (opposed)
17 With such a poor dealing with the matter he will not probably succeed (unlikely)
18 She can't get into the habit of studying every evening
=> She can't get used
19 I’m sure Charles bought them a lovely present for their wedding (bound)
=> …
20 The girl was about to leave when her boy friend finally entered the café (point)
=> …
21 We missed the bus because we had overslept (consequence) => …
22.You’ll certainly encounter a lot of difficulties if you opt for a lone expedition (bound)
26 Sally was all ready to leave the office when her boss asked her to type up a report (point)
=> Sally was ……… the office when her boss asked her to type up a report
27 I think learning to use a typewriter is a waste of time (point)
=> I can’t ……… ……… how to use a typewriter
28 Nadia’s friend arrived just as she was about to leave the restaurant (point)
=> Nadia was just ……… the restaurant when her friend arrived
29 It’s very unlikely that Martin will win the 100 metres, as he’s out of training (chance)
=> Martin has almost …….……… the 100 metres, as he’s out of training
30 Lisa was just about to leave when the phone rang (POINT)
=> Lisa was ……… the house when the phone rang
31 Do you think Noelia is likely to win the competition? (CHANCE)
=> Do you think Noelie is in ……… the competition?
(=> Do you think Noelie has ……… the competition?)
32 I never intended to go to the meeting => I never had …
33 It is quite pointless to complain => There’s no …
34 It is hardly likely that he took poison => He is …
35 You’ll certainly meet lots of people in your new job => You are …
36.Andy didn’t tell anybody that he was going on a lone expedition (without)
=> Andy went …
37 Don't bother to apply for the job POINT
=> There for the job
38 There's no point asking Lynda to help as she's really busy WASTE
=> It's asking Lynda to help as she's really busy
39 I’m sure it will be raining tomorrow BOUND => It ……… raining tomorrow
40 Being rich has no connection with being happy NOTHING
=> Being rich ……… being happy
41 He's not just a good teacher, but a good writer as well addition
=> He's a good writer a good teacher
42 He will lie on the sofa doing nothing all day round (nothing but)
Trang 15=> …
43 He's so unhelpful that it's a waste of time asking him point
=> He's so unhelpful that _ asking him
44 My boss told me I could go home early permission
=> My boss home early
45 I have to book the hotel, and I have to make the travel arrangements (in addition to)
=>
46 I’d better do this exercise now because there might not be time later case
=> I’d better do this exercise now ……… time later
47 I don’t usually sleep after work (in the habit) => …
48 It would be a good idea to have a code of advertising practice
=> The introduction …
49 I wish I hadn’t told him what we were planning to do this evening (regret)
=> I ……… for this evening
50 I fully intended to find out who is responsible for the graffiti (intention)
53 I didn’t find it any hard to translate this passage (difficulty)
=> I had ……… this passage
54 When Sandra walked out of the meeting, she didn’t say goodbye to anyone (without)
=> Sandra left …
ANSWER KEY
Trang 16PRACTICE: IT +
a It takes/ took …
1 She traveled to Paris in two weeks
=> It …
(took her two weeks to travel to Paris.) (DH Can Tho – Chuyen Ban Khoi D 97-98, P.48)
2 We had to spend three hours to open the door
=> It …
(It took us three hours to open the door.) (DHDL Thang Long – Khoi D 97-98, P.119)
3 I had to spend 2 hours to finish my work
=> It …
(It took me 2 hours to finish my work.) (Hoc Vien Bao Chi va Tuyen Truyen – Khoi D 97-98, P.311)
4 The flight to Moscow lasted three and a half hours
=> It took …
(It took three and a half hours to fly to Moscow.) (HVCTQG – Phan Vien BCTT – 2001-2002, P 129)
5 I spent an hour doing this exercise
=> It took …
(DHDL Hung Vuong – 2001-2002, P 164)
6 The astronauts orbited the earth in two hours
=> It took …
(It took the astronauts two hours to orbit the earth.) (CD SP Can Tho – 2001-2002, P 228)
7 Mastering a second language takes time and patience
=> It …
(takes time and patience to master a second language.) (BTTA 11 – P.32)
b Other Structures with IT and To Infinitive/V.ing …
1 It is better to make a wrong decision than to make no decision at all
=> Making a wrong decision …
(DH Can Tho – Chuyen Ban Khoi D 97-98, P.48) =>Comparison + (To Inf => V.ing)
2 Handicapped people find shopping in supermarkets difficult
=> It is …
(DH Hue – Khoi D – chuyen ban 97-98, P.180)
3 Living in the city is exciting
=> Some people find it …
(DH SP Quy Nhon – 97-98, P.243)
4 Safeguarding our natural resources is now a must
=> It is …
(It is now necessary/ now a must to safeguard our natural resources.) (DHSP TP.HCM – 2001-2002, P.82)
5 It is disappointing that we haven’t heard from Molly
=> We are …
(disappointed not to have heard from Molly.) (BTTA 10 – P.8) (BTTA 11 – P.142)
6 We can’t possibly work in this noise
=> It’s …
(impossible for us to work in this noise./ not possible …)
7 There is no point in asking her out She never goes out to restaurants
=> It is useless
(It is useless to ask/ asking her out She never goes out to restaurants.)
8 If we wait long enough, we’ll get what we want
Trang 17=> Hers is …
(a difficult question to answer adequately.) (BD HSG TA 12 – P.140)
(Khó để trả lời câu hỏi của cô ấy một cách xác đáng Câu hỏi của cô ấy khó mà trả lời một cách xác đáng.)
10 It is the responsibility of parents to monitor what young children watch on TV
=> Monitoring …
(Monitoring what young children watch on TV is the responsibility of parents.)
11 From Algiers to Niamey by road is a long and difficult journey
=> It …
(It is a long and difficult journey from Algiers to Niamey by road.)
12 I wish you hadn’t thrown that out silly => It was ……… that out (It was … silly of you to throw … that out.)
13 I wish I’d told the others about this mistake => It was ……… the others about this (It was … a mistake not to tell … the others about this.)
14 Making a speech to a large audience can be very frightening
=> It …
(It can be very frightening to make a speech to a large audience.)
15 Inviting them to take part might be a good idea => It …
(It might be a good idea to invite them to take part.)
16 I am honoured to be here tonight on this very special occasion
=> It …
(It is an honour for me to be here tonight on this very special occasion.)
17 No one can predict the future accurately => It …
(It is impossible for anyone to predict the future accurately / It is impossible for anyone to make accurate predictions about the future.)
18 Roses can’t possible grow in such poor land => It’s impossible
(It’s impossible to grow roses in such poor land.) (CDSP Dong Thap – 2001-2002, P.242)
19 The firemen had to break the door down necessary
=> It ……… to break the door down
(……was necessary for the firemen …… )
20 It’s not common for women to be racing drivers seldom => Racing drivers ……… women (Racing drivers …are seldom … women.)
21 It’s unusual for Jane to lose at backgammon hardly => Jane ………at backgammon (Jane … hardly ever loses … at backgammon.)
22 It’s rare for my sister to take a holiday goes => My sister ……… holiday (My sister …rarely goes on … holiday.)
23.Brian must do exercise to strengthen his back after the surgery (compulsory)
=> It …
(It is compulsory for Brian to do exercise to strengthen his back after the surgery.)
24 Can Mr Bailey deliver the letters by tomorrow? => Is it …
(Is it possible for Mr Bailey to deliver the letters by tomorrow?)
25 It’s hardly possible to reach the peak of the mountain on foot
=> It’s nearly
(It’s nearly impossible to reach the peak of the mountain on foot.)
26 Should you practice the piano so often? (advisable) => …
(Is it advisable for you to practice the piano so often?)
27 We shouldn’t have wasted so much time waiting for the film star to turn up (worth)
=> It
(It was not worth wasting so much time waiting for the film star to turn up.)
Trang 18PRACTICE : V/Phrases/Structues + V.ing
1 He stole some money and was arrested for it => He was …
(DHDL Dong Do – Khoi D 97-98, P.66)
2 I have to write letters, but I hate it => I hate …
(DHDL Dong Do – Khoi D 97-98, P.67)
3 John failed to find the source of the River Nile => John did not succeed …
(DH Hue – Khoi D – chuyen ban 97-98, P.180)
4 If I had worked hard, I wouldn’t have failed the exam => Tom regretted …
(DH SP Quy Nhon – Khoi D 97-98, P.253)
8 Henry denied stealing Mary’s handbag => Henry said that …
(he didn’t steal Mary’s handbag.)
(Hoc Vien KHQS – Khoi D 97-98, P.288)
9 We couldn’t drive because of the fog => The fog …
(The fog prevented us from driving.) (Hoc Vien Bao Chi va Tuyen Truyen – Khoi D 97-98, P.311)
12 Richard reduced his intake of fatty food and lost seven kilos in a month!
=> Richard cut …
(Richard cut down his fatty food intaking and lost seven kilos in a month…) (DH An Ninh – 2001-2002, P.18)
13 While mending the road, the accidentally blocked our water pipes
=> They accidentally cut off …
(They accidentally cut off our water supplying while mending the road.) (DH An Ninh – 2001-2002, P.18)
15 They always make fun of me and I hate it => I hate …
(I hate being made fun of.) (DH Ngoai Thuong – 2001-2002, P.72)
16 I don’t see the point of redecorating this room => Redecorating this room …
(Redecorating this room is pointless.) (DH Thai Nguyen – 2001-2002, P.85)
17 I’m always nervous when I take exams => Taking …
(Taking exams always makes me nervous.) (DH Vinh – 2001-2002, P.91)
18 Mrs Scott is proud of her cooking => Mrs Scott prides …
(Mrs Scott prides herself on her cooking.) (HV Ngan Hang Phan Vien TP HCM – 2001-2002, P 108)
19 You can try to get Tim to lend you his car but you won’t succeed
=> There’s no point …
(There’s no point in getting Tim to lend you his car.) (HV Ngan Hang Phan Vien TP HCM – 2001-2002, P 108)
20 They were unable to finish their tennis game because of a heavy shower
=> A heavy shower …
(A heavy shower prevented them from finishing their tennis game./ A heavy shower put a stop to their tennis game.) (HVQHQT – 2001-2002, P 117)
21 It’s not worth trying to make her change her mind => There’s …
(There’s no point in making her change her mind.) (HVQHQT – 2001-2002, P 117)
22 I’ll be happy to give you a lift => I don’t mind …
(I don’t mind giving you a lift.) (HVKHQS – 2001-2002, P 129)
23 He was sorry didn’t say goodbye to her at the airport => He regretted …
Trang 1929 Seeing Nelson Mandela will always in my memory => I’ll never …
(BTTA 10 – P.20)
30 We couldn’t drive because of the fog => The fog prevented …
(BTTA 10 – P.43)
31 I realized I had said something wrong (conscious) => …
(I was conscious of having said something wrong (be conscious of (doing St): nhận thức, ý thức …) (BD HSG
TA 11 – P.43)
32 Collecting stamps from foreign countries is one of Jane’s interests
=> Jane …
(Jane is interested in collecting stamps from foreign countries – BTTA 10 – P.155)
33 He takes great delight in proving others wrong (enjoys) => He …
(enjoys proving others wrong.) (take delight in = enjoy) (BTTH TA 10 – P.104)
34 Reading scientific books is one of my interests => I am …
(DHDL Dong Do – 2001-2002, P.178)
35 The tram couldn’t run because of the storm => The storm …
(prevented the tram from running./ made it impossible for the tram to run./ made the tram stop running.)
(BTTH TA 10 – P.85)
36 My English friend finds using chopsticks difficult => My English friend isn’t …
(My English friend isn’t used to using chopsticks.) (DH Ngoai Thuong – 2001-2002, P.71)
37 It won’t be difficult to get a ticket for the game => You won’t have any …
(difficulty in getting a ticket for the game.)
38 Driving on the left is strange and difficult for Americans => Americans aren’t …
(used to driving … left) (BTTA 11 – P.33)
39 My aunt sent me a wonderful present => I must write and thank …
(my aunt for sending/ having sent me a wonderful present.) (BTTH TA 12 – P.122)
40 Some people ruin their own lives => But you just can’t prevent …
(people from ruining their own lives.) (BTTH TA 12 – P.122)
41 There’s no point in phoning Caroline – she’s away (time)
43 Maile was angry because his sister had broken his cassettle player
=> Maile was angry with …
(Be angry with sb for doing St: Maile was angry with his sister for having broken his cassettle player.) (DHNN – 2001-2002, P.62)
44 Six cars were stolen from the car park A teenage boy is responsible
=> A teenage boy is responsible …
(A teenage boy is responsible for having stolen six cars from the car park./ A teenage boy is responsible for the
six stolen car in/from the car park.) (DH Da Nang – 2001-2002, P.42)
45 Zuthato likes visiting old churches => Zuthato is …
(Zuthato is interested in/ keen on/ fond of visiting old churches.) (DHNN – 2001-2002, P.62)
46 The manager insisted on our wearing dark suits (wear)
=> …
(The manager insisted that we wear dark suits (BDHSG TA 11 – P.17)
47 Ann paints her landscapes with great pleasure => Ann takes …
(Ann takes great pleasure in painting her landscapes.)
48 She was afraid She did not spend the night alone (of) => …