KINDS OF VERBS (From the angle of sentence patterns)

KINDS OF VERBS (From the angle of sentence patterns) 1 ADVERB CLAUSES Trương Văn Ánh Trường Đại học Sài Gòn If a clause modifies a verb, an adjective, an adverb, a phrase, a clause or a sentence, it w[.]

ADVERB CLAUSES

Trương Văn Ánh

Trường Đại học Sài Gòn

If a clause modifies a verb, an adjective,

an adverb, a phrase, a clause or a sentence, it will be called an adverb clause

In Vietnam now there are 9 kinds od adverb clauses We have collected 10 kinds of adverb clauses to present in this file.

1 Adverb clause of place:

Conjunctions: where, wherever

Ex: A wife often goes wherever her husband

goes

The old man comes back where he was born The hunter crawled where a deer lay

The ants move wherever there is something

sweet and delicious

The old man comes back to the village where

he was born (Adj.CL)

I don’t know where he was born (N.CL)

2 Adverb clause of time:

Conjunctions: When, While, After, Before, Until, Since, As, As soon as, No sooner than, As

long as, By the time, Once, Scarcely

(Hardly) when, etc

Ex: It gets cold when winter comes

After he had passed level B examination, he felt relieved

I will wait until you come back

No sooner had she come home than she went into the kitchen

We feel happy once we have done something for somebody

By the time the police arrived, the robbers had gone away

The Christmas tree will have been decorated

when it is dark

3 Adverb clause of manner:

Conjunctions: As, As if, As though, In that

Ex: Jack spends a lot of money as if he were

rich (In fact, he is poor)

He supports his family in that he sells waste

glass and duck feather

He works hard as a slave does

When you are in Rome, do as the Romans do.

He walks slowly as if he were sick.( In fact,

he is fine).

He walks slowly as if he is sick.( It is true that he is sick)

4 Adverb clause of cause:

Conjunctions: Because, Since, As, Seeing that, Now that, etc

Ex: Vietnamese people are admired by friends all over the world because they have defeated

many powerful aggressors

Seeing that her mother was ill, she stayed at

home

Now that English has become popular, a lot of people learn it

Since a lot of people pour into streets during the rush hour, there are often traffic jams

As the younger brother had worked very hard,

he had saved a lot of money

The climate has become severe because the

environment has been destroyed

5 Adverb clause of purpose:

Conjunctions: So that, In order that, Lest, For

fear that, In case, etc

Ex: We learn hard so that we can get level C

certificate in August

He locked the door carefully lest some thief

might not enter the house

The little girl broke her money box in order that she could donate all of it to the victims of the

flood

He covers the pile of sand with a plastic sheet for fear that it will be wet in the rain

6 Adverb clause of concession:

Conjunctions: Though, Although, As, Even though, Even if, However + Adv/Adj, No

matter what( who, where, how, etc),

Whatever + nouns, Whoever, Whether

Or not, In spite of the fact that, etc.

Ex: Hard as he tries, he fails.

No matter how rich he is, she will never

marry him.

Whether you like English or not, you

should try hard to learn it

Whatever difficulties he meets, he will be able to overcome them.

Poor as he was, he won a national prize.

It doesn't matter what you say, I will not forgive you.

No matter where he lives, everybody

loves him.

He can enter university although all his

four limbs have been paralyzed

7 Adverb clause of comparison:

Conjunctions: as, than.

Ex: Today it rains as heavily as it did

yesterday.

We made more progress last year than

the year before.

More people learn English than any other foreign language.

Not so much oil was exploited in the past

as today

8 Adverb clause of result:

Conjunctions: so…that, such…that

Ex: He runs so fast that they can not follow him

was very angry

He has so little money that he can not buy even

a loaf of bread

She has so few books that she can read all of them in a few days

He had drunk so much wine that he lay in bed

Special cases:

He is such an intelligent boy that he can

enter university at the age of ten.

He is so intelligent a boy that he can enter university at the age of ten

Such…that:

Mr Smith has such an intelligent son that

he is very proud.

He drank such contaminated water that he had diarrhea

Inversion:

Ex: So many mistakes did he make that the teacher was very angry.

Such an intelligent son does Mr Smith

have that he is very proud.

So little money does he have that he can not buy even a loaf of bread

So fast does he run that they can not

follow him

9 Adverb clause of condition:

Conjunctions: if, unless, supposing,

provided, as long as, so long as, etc.

Ex: If it rains well, the farmers will get good crops.

You can use my telephone if you need

If he wanted to learn well, he had to keep silent in class

Jack would have passed the test last time unless he had spent so much time in the nightclub

Mixed condition:

Ex: If he had learned hard in the past, he might pass the exam now

Inversion:

Ex: Were I you, I would learn English hard Had the World Trade Center not been destroyed, leader Omar and his men would not have been attacked

10 Adverb clause of reservation:

Conjunctions: Except that, for the fact that

Ex: It is a good teaching period except that a lot

of students are absent

• The same clause can play three roles:

I don 't know where he lives

N CL

She will go where he lives

ADV CL

She knows the house where he lives

ADJ CL

Identify the subordinate clauses in the following sentences

1 If you learn English well, you can find a good job in the future.

2 That diamond is precious is known clearly.

3 The place where the accident has taken place is blocked by the police.

4 When he will leave the company is kept secret.

5 The reason why an apple thrown into the air falls down is

explained with gravity.

6 While he was in Phong Nha cave, he bought some

grapefruits.

7 The pagoda to which a lot of pilgrims come is famous in the area.

8 A lot of tourists have come to Hue because it is known for the royal palaces and old tombs.

9 She sings as well as a lark does.

10 Although the flagpole was strong, the wind blew it down

11 What he has said is true.

12 She will move where her father works

13 We do not know where her father works

14 She points to the office where her father works

15 The lesson that the teacher taught was very

interesting

16 The lesson that gravity was explained was very interesting

17 It is natural that iron sinks in water

18 It was so cold that some old people died

19 He wants to know whose child has broken his window

20 The man whose child has broken the window

Good luck!