KINDS OF ADVANCED SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION PATTERNS Các chuyên đề NGỮ PHÁP CHUYÊN SÂU BÀI GIẢNG CHUYÊN SÂU BỒI DƯỠNG HỌC SINH GIỎI – MÔN TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1 BỒI DƯỠNG KIẾN THỨC NÂNG CAO VỀ CÁC THÌ TR[.]
Trang 1BÀI GIẢNG CHUYÊN SÂU BỒI DƯỠNG HỌC SINH GIỎI – MÔN TIẾNG ANH
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1: BỒI DƯỠNG KIẾN THỨC NÂNG CAO VỀ CÁC THÌ TRONG TIẾNG ANH
TENSES TRANSFORMATION (1) (The Present Perfect (Continuous) Tense) 1- The Present Perfect and Comparisons of Adjectives
Form 1:
S + has/ have + never + V(p2) + (a/an) + Comparative Form of Adjective + N + (than + that)
This is the + Superlative Form of Adjective + N + (that) + S + have/has + ever + V(p2)
E.g - I have never seen a better film than that.
=> This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.
- I have never watched a more wonderful site than that.
=> This is the most wonderful site I have ever watched.
Form 2:
S + has/ have + never + V(p2) + such + (a/an) + Adjective + N + (before/ as …)
This is the + Superlative Form of Adjective + N + (that) + S + have/has + ever + V(p2)
E.g - I have never seen such a long film before/ as that one.
=> This is the longest film I have ever seen.
- I have never watched such beautiful flowers before.
=> These are the most beautiful flowers I have ever watched.
2- The Present Perfect and Ordinal Numbers
Form 1:
S + has/ have + VV(p2) + Cardinal number + Plural Noun
This is the + Ordinal Number + Singular Noun + (that) + S + has/have + V(p2)
E.g - I have drunk 5 cups of coffee this morning
=> This is the fifth cup of coffee that I have drunk this morning.
Form 2:
S + has/ have + never + V(p2) + (before)
This is the + first time + (that) + S + has/have + V(p2)
E.g - I have never seen this film before
=> This is the first time I have seen this film.
3- The Present Perfect (Continuous) and The Past Simple with: since, for, ago, when, last, the last
time …
Form 1:
S + V(past)/(started/began to do St/ doing St /leaned to do St) + in …/when …/(… ago)
S + has/have + V(p2) (been + V.ing) + since …(for …)
E.g - I started to play the piano when I was six => I have been playing the piano since I was six
- He began teaching English here in 2008 => He has been teaching English here since 2008
- He started working at MAT High School 7 years ago => he has been working at MAT HS for 7 years
Form 2:
Trang 2The last time + S + V(past) + was + in …/when …/at … /(… ago)
E.g - The last time I saw my old girl friend was in 2005
=> I haven’t seen my old girl friend since 2005
- I last saw her when we graduated from university
=> I haven’t seen her since we graduated from …
It is/has been + Period of Time + since + S + V(past) (3)
E.g - This bridge was built for 30 years => It is 30 years since this bridge was built
* Chú ý: Nếu động từ ở công thức (1), (2) ở dạng phủ định thì khi chuyển sang công thức (3) thêm “last” trước V hoặc sau Be
E.g - It’s a long time since he was last on T.V (not) => He hasn’t been on T.V for a long time.
4- The Present Perfect and “YET”
E.g - I haven’t received a letter from him yet = I’ve yet to receive a letter from him
5- The Present Perfect and The Past Simple with: When …/ How long …?
Form: When did + S + V(bare)? How long + have/has + S + V(p2)/{been + V(p2)}?
E.g - When did Derya start working?
=> How long … has Derya worked?
(- Nếu hành động chưa chấm dứt dùng: How long has Derya been working?)
- How long have they been listening to this loud music?
=> When … did they begin/ start listening to this loud music?
Another form: When did + S + V(bare)? How long is it since + S + V(past)?
How long ago did + S + V(bare)
E.g - When did Derya start work?
=> How long …is it since Derya started work?/ How long ago did Derya start work?
PRACTICE The Present Perfect EX1: Rewrite the following sentences using the give words
1 I’ve never met a more dependable person than Roger
Trang 3=> This is the ……… seen
7 They’ve never shown such a bad series on TV before ever
=> It’s the ……… shown on TV
8 It's the most beautiful painting I've ever seen seen
EX2: Rewrite the following sentences
1 I’ve been here three times
EX3: Rewrite the following sentences
1 We haven’t been to London since 1998
=> The last …
2 I haven’t been to the Fenerbahçe’s football match for three years
=> The last time …
3 I last went to the cinema two weeks ago
=> I ……… to the cinema for two weeks
4 It’s ages since I went to a disco
=> I to a disco for ages
5 How long has he been in Italy?
=> When … Italy?
6 When she heard the results, Mary began to feel more confident
=> Since hearing the results …
7 Do you have any experience of driving this kind of car?
Trang 4=> Have you …
8 Nancy hasn’t come here since 1999
=> The last time …
9 Sarah hasn’t seen her friends since she left for the United States
=> Sarah last …
10 The parcel has been here for two hours arrived
=> …
EX4: Rewrite the following sentences
1 My wait for a bus has lasted thirty minutes so far
6 John hasn’t done any revision since the spring term
=> The last time …
7 There haven’t been such long queues at the cinema since the release of the last blockbuster
=> Not …
8 This is the first time that I have seen an eclipse of the sun
=> Never …
9 This is my brother’s first solo flight in a glider
=> This is the first time …
10 The school was founded ten years ago
=> It is ten …
EX5: Rewrite the following sentences
1 Since the start of the rain the protesters were no longer to be seen melted
=> …
2 I haven’t forgone a meal for two years
=> The last time …
3 No one has challenged his authority before
=> This is the first time …
4 I’ve never eaten walnuts before time
=> It’s ……… eaten walnuts
5 It’s a long time since he was last on TV not
=> He ……… for a long time
6 The last time I watched it was two weeks ago have
=> I ……… two weeks
7 I am afraid there is no time left run
Trang 5=> I am afraid we ……… time
8 The introduction of satellite TV made it possible for people to see many more channels able
=> Since the introduction of satellite TV, people ………many more channels
9 She has never told me lies before first
=> It’s ……… told me lies
10 I last saw her at the end of May since
=> I … ……….the end of May
EX6: Rewrite the following sentences
1 Sally hasn’t contacted me for over six weeks heard
=> I over six weeks ago.
2 My father took up bowling three years ago been
=> My father three years
3 I have never watched such a boring film
7 Miss Jones first came to teach us a month ago for
=> Miss Jones ……… a month now
8 I have been to this restaurant three times now time
=> This ………… I have been to this restaurant now
9 I started learning English three years ago been
=> I ……… three years
10 I haven't seen Joanna for ages since
=> It's been a long time ……… Joanna
EX7: Rewrite the following sentences
1 This pasta is a new experience for me time
=> It is ……… I have tried this pasta
2 James started work here five years ago worked
=> James _ five years
3 I've never read such a bad book I
=> It's the read
4 Bob last saw Mary in 1980 seen
=> Bob ……… 1980
5.Ihaven’t visited Oslo since 1998
=> The last time …
6 Have you always wanted to become a teacher of English?
=> Have you been …?
7 I have never read such an interesting article about space exploration first time
Trang 6=> It …
8 The last time it rained was a month ago
=> It a month
9 She has never been on night duty before
=> It’s the first ……… on night duty
10 Jack started playing the drums five hours ago
=> Jack ……… five hours
EX8: Rewrite the following sentences
1 I bought this tape recorder in September
=> I have ……… September
2 My neighbours have been married for ten years
=> My neighbours ……… ten years ago
3 When did you start learning English?
=> How long ……… English?
4 Michael learned how to sing when he was small
=> Michael has since he was small
5 When did it start snowing?
=> How long snowing?
6 It’s a long time since I saw them
=> I a long time ago
7 She stopped playing volleyball when she broke her wrist
=> She hasn’t she broke her wrist
8 I’ve never eaten this before
=> It’s the first time this
9 They bought their house five years ago
=> They have for five years
10 Jack met Ian in 1988
=> Jack and Ian each other since 1988
EX9: Rewrite the following sentences
1 When did you take up golf?
=> How long playing golf?
2 They arrived half an hour ago
=> They half an hour
3 When did Jim go out?
=> How out?
4 The last time I stayed in London was in 1984 (since 1984)
=> …
5 This place has been unoccupied for fifty years
=> It’s fifty years …
6 She is still working on her homework stopped
=>
7 My parcel hasn’t arrived yet received
=> I still ……… my parcel
8 The tennis players’ match is still going on finished
=> The tennis players ……… yet
Trang 79 Gina is still in London
=> Gina hasn’t London yet
10 Linda is still single
=> ……… as yet
TENSES TRANSFORMATION (2) (The Past Perfect (Continuous) Tense) 1- The Past Perfect and Comparisons of Adjectives
Form 1:
S + had + never + V(p2) + (a/an) + Comparative Form of Adjective + N + (than + that) (before)
This/It/That was the + Superlative Form of Adjective + N + (that) + S + had + ever + V(p2)
E.g - I had never seen a better film than that.
=> This was the best film (that) I had ever seen.
- I had never watched a more wonderful site than that.
=> This was the most wonderful site I had ever watched.
Form 2:
S + had + never + V(p2) + such + (a/an) + Adjective + N + (before/ as …)
Trang 8This was the + Superlative Form of Adjective + N + (that) + S + had + ever + V(p2)
E.g - I had never seen such a long film before/ as that one.
=> This was the longest film I had ever seen.
- I had never watched such beautiful flowers before.
=> These were the most beautiful flowers I had ever watched.
2- The Past Perfect and The Past Simple
Form 1: Ordinal number (often: never and the first time)
S + had + never + V(p2) + (before)
This/It/That was the + first time + (that) + S + had + V(p2)
E.g - I had never seen this film before
=> This was the first time I have seen this film.
Form 2: : After, Before, By the time, When, Until, …
S + had + never + V(p2) + (before)
This/It/That was the + first time + (that) + S + had + V(p2)
E.g - I had never seen this film before
=> This was the first time I have seen this film.
Form 3:
S + had + V(p2) + For + Period of Time (1)
It was + Period of Time + since + S + V(past) (2)
E.g - This bridge had been built for 30 years => It was 30 years since this bridge was built
* Chú ý: Nếu động từ ở công thức (1), (2) ở dạng phủ định thì khi chuyển sang công thức (3) thêm “last” trước V hoặc sau Be
E.g - It was a long time since he was last on T.V (not) => He hadn’t been on T.V for a long time.
- She hadn’t had a relapse for six months => It was … six months since she last had a relapse Form 4:
First + S + V1(past) + and then + S + V2(past) (First may be after V1(past))
S + V2(past) + After + S + had + V1(p2) / After + S + had + V1(p2) + S + V2(past)
E.g - She did her homework first, and then she watched films => She …
- He gave me the money first, and then he left after
=> He left ……after he had given me/after giving me… the money.
PRACTICE The Past Perfect EX10: Rewrite the following sentences
1 It was the coldest winter they had ever had
Trang 96 The plane took off before we arrived at the airport
EX11: Rewrite the following sentences
1 Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music before he was 35
7 He gave me the money first, and then he left After
=> He left ……….… the money
8 Pat hadn't been to Milan before visit
=> It Milan
9 They were still playing cricket after two hours been
=> They ……… for two hours
10 No sooner had the witness begun to speak than the judge interrupted her
=> The minute …
Trang 10E.g - When I meet him, I’ll call you.
- When I was young, I liked to/used to eat ice-cream.
- When I arrived to the station, the train had already left (= before)
- I was teaching when he entered the room
Note: Không dùng will sau when trong mệnh đề thời gian chỉ tương lai.
2 While
E.g - While we were studying, they were playing video games
- While + clause = During + N
E.g - While I was sitting at the café, I saw him
- While we were having lunch yesterday, he came = During our lunch yesterday, he came
3 Once = As soon As = Immediately = The moment = The minute
E.g - Once I finish/have finished my exercises, I will go out
- As soon as it gets warmer, the spring flowers will bloom => The moment …
(The moment it gets warmer, the spring flowers will bloom.)
4 Before/By/ By the time/ By the end of …
- Before + past time/past clause + QKHT/QKHTTD
By + past time = By the time + past clause + QKHT/QKHTTD
E.g - By the time/Before I had lunch yesterday, I had done 5 exercises
- By 2000, he had been working for that company for 15 years
- Before/By (the end of) + future time + TLHT/TLHTTD (for …)
Trang 11E.g - Before 2016, we will have finished high school (= By the end of 2016, we …)
- By the end of 2015, we will have been learning at MAT high school for nearly 3 years
- Before/ By the time + HTĐ(tl) + TLHT/TLHTTD (for …)
E.g - By the time /Before you come back, I will have finished my letter
- By the time/ Before you arrive there, you will have been traveling for 12 hours
* Mệnh đề/ Cụm từ Before/ By … có thể đứng sau
E.g - I’ll have retired before I am 40
5 After
- After (= Once/As soon as) + HTHT/HTĐ(tl) + TLĐ:
E.g After you have finished your exercises, we will go for a walk
- After + QKHT + QKĐ: After I had brushed, I went to bed
6 Until/ Not … until
E.g - I didn’t recognize her until she came into the light
=> Not until she came into the light did I recognize her
- I will wait here until he comes
PRACTICE EX12: Rewrite the following sentences
1 You will start to feel better as soon as you take this medicine
=> The moment …
2 Mats promised to ring as soon as he got home (MOMENT)
=> Mats said that ……… he got home
3 My decision to get up and dance coincided with the band’s decision to stop playing
EX13: Rewrite the following sentences
1 He’ll settle down Then his performance will improve (once)
Trang 12=> …
5 We will not see each other again before I go
=> This will be the last time …
6 I’m sure Jemma is going to become a famous model one day (matter)
=> I think it’s only ……… Jemma becomes a famous model
7 By the end of the month, it will be two years since Hendrik came to England (FOR)
=> By the end of the month, Hendrik ……… two years
8 I have arranged a brief meeting with him at 5 pm seeing
=> I ……… at 5 pm
9 I’ll finish this job and then I’ll phone you back soon
=> I’ll phone you back ……… this job
10 Our team regularly loses matches here losing
=> Our team ……… here
EX14: Rewrite the following sentences
1 Well-known artists are regular visitors to his workshop visit
=> Well-known artists ……… workshop
20 There are few weekends when Steve isn’t fishing always
8 As soon as he came in, he switched on the television immediately
=> He came in the television
9 I’m very sorry sir, but all the places have been booked (… left.)
=> …
10 Is that the place where you lived before? use
=> Did you ……… place?
EX15: Rewrite the following sentences
1 Before I moved in I had no one to talk to use
=> Before I moved in I ………… ………… anyone to talk to
2 She doesn’t live there any more, I believe used
=> She ……… , I believe
3 Whenever I told her that story she always laughed a lot would
=> I used to tell her that story and ……… a lot
4 Weeks passed as Karen lay in hospital (for)
=> …