CẤU TẠO TỪ (WORD FORMATION) 1 Cách cấu tạo của danh từ STT Quy tắc Ví dụ 1 V + ment => N develop (v) +ment = development (n) sự phát triển entertain (v)+ ment = entertainment (n) sự giải trí 2 V + anc[.]
Trang 1CẤU TẠO TỪ (WORD FORMATION)
1 Cách cấu tạo của danh từ
1 V + ment => N develop (v) +ment = development (n): sự phát triểnentertain (v)+ ment = entertainment (n): sự giải trí
2 V + ance => N Attend (v) + ance = attendance (n): sự tham dựPerform (v) + ance = performance (n): sự thực hiện, sự
biểu diễn
3 V + ion/ation =>N invent (v) + ion = invention (n): sự phát minhinform (v)+ ion = information (n): thông tin
4 V + age => N many (v) + age = marriage (n): hôn nhâncarry (v)+ age = carriage (n): sự chuyên chở hàng hóa,
xe ngựa
5 V + al => N survive (v) + al = survival (n): sự sống sótarrive (v) + al = arrival (n): sự đến, tới
6 V + ing => N teach (v) + ing = teaching (n): công việc dạy họctrain(v)+ing = training (n): công việc đào tạo
7 V + er => N work (v)+ er = worker (n): công nhânemploy (v) + er = employer (n): ông chủ
8 V + or => N act (v) + or = actor (n): diễn viênsurvive (v)+ or = survival (n): người sống sót
9 V + ress => N act (v) + ress = actress (n): nữ diễn viênwait (v) + ress = waitress (n): nữ bồi bàn
10 V + ant => N assist (v)+ ant = assistant (n): trợ lídepend (v) + ant = dependant (n): người phụ thuộc
11 V + ee => N
employ (v)+ ee = employee (n): công nhân interview (v) + ee = interviewee (n): người đi phỏng vấn
12 V + ledge => N know (v)+ ledge = knowledge (n): sự hiểu biết, kiến thức
13 V + ist => N type (v) + 1st = typist (n): người đánh máy
14 V + ar => N lie (v) + ar = liar (n): kẻ nói dối
15 V + ence =>N depend (v) + ence = dependence (n): sự phụ thuộc
16 Adj + ness => N rich (a) + ness = richness (n): sự giàu cópolite (a)+ ness = politeness (n): sự lịch sự
17 Adj + ity => N able (a) + ity = ability (n): khả năng, năng lực
Trang 2responsible(a) + ity = responsibility (n): trách nhiệm
18 Adj + y => N honest (a) + y = honesty (n): sự thật thà
19 Adj + ty => N certain (a) + ty = certainty (n): sự chắc chắn
20 Adj + age => N short (a) + age = shortage (n): sự thiếu hụt
21 Adj + cy => N proficient (a) + cy = proficiency (n): sự giỏi, sự thành thạo
22 Adj + dom => N free (a) + dom = freedom (n): sự tự do
23 Adj + ism => N N1 + ism => N2 social (a) + ism = socialism (n): chủ nghĩa xã hộiterror (n) + ism = terrorism (n): chủ nghĩa khủng bố
24 Adj + th => N warm (a) + th = warmth (n): sự ấm áp, sự niềm nởwide (a)+ th = width (n): bề rộng, bề ngang
25 N1 + hood => N2 child (n) + hood = childhood (n): thời thơ ấuneighbor (n) + hood = neighborhood (n): vùng lân cận
26 N1 + ship => N2 friend (n) + ship = friendship (n): tình bạnmember (n)+ ship = membership (n): tư cách hội viên,
số hội viên
2 Cách cấu tạo của động từ
1 Adj + en => V wide (a) + en = widen (v): mở rộngshort (a)+ en = shorten (v): thu ngắn, rút ngắn
2 En + Adj => V en + rich [a] = enrich (v): làm giàuen + large (a) = enlarge (v): tăng lên, phóng to
3 N + en => V length (n) + en = lengthen (v): làm dài ra, kéo dài ra
4 Adj + ise/ize => V
social (a) + ise/ize = socialize (v): xã hội hóa, hòa nhập industrial (a) + ise/ize = industrialize (v): công nghiệp hóa
5 N + fy =>V beauty (n) + fy = beautify (v): làm đẹp
3 Cách cấu tạo của tính từ
1 N + ly => Adj friend (n) + ly = friendly (adj): thân thiệnlove (n) + ly = lovely (a): đáng yêu
2 N + ful => Adj care (n) + ful = careful (a): cẩn thậnsuccess (n) + ful = successful (a): thành công
3 N + less => Adj home (n) + less = homeless (a): vô gia cưhope (n) + less = hopeless (a): vô vọng
Trang 34 N + ic => Adj economy (n) + ic = economic (a): thuộc về kinh tếhistory (n) + ic = historic (a): có tính chất lịch sử
5 N + able => Adj reason (n) + able = reasonable (a): có lí, hợp lícomfort (n) + able = comfortable (a): thoải mái
6 N + OUS => Adj danger (n) + OUS = dangerous (a): nguy hiểmindustry (n) + OUS = industrious (a): chăm chỉ
7 N + some => Adj trouble (n) + some = troublesome (a): gây rắc rối, khó chịu
hand (n) + some = handsome (a): đẹp trai
8 N + al => Adj nation (n) + al = national (a): thuộc quốc gianature (n) + al = natural (a): thuộc về tự nhiên
9 N + ing/ed => Adj
interest (n) + ing/ed = interesting /interested (a): thú vị/thích thú
bore (n) + ing/ed = boring/ bored (a): tẻ nhạt/buồn chán
10 N + ern = Adj West (n) + ern = Western (a): về phía tây, ở phía tâySouth (n) + ern = Southern (a): về phía nam, ở phía
nam
11 N + y = Adj rain (n) + y = rainy (a): có mưasun (n) + y = sunny (a): có nhiều ánh nắng
12 N + ible = Adj response (n) + ible = responsible (a): có trách nhiệm
13 V + ent => Adj depend (v) + ent = dependent (a): phụ thuộc
14 V + ive => Adj N + ive => Adj
impress (v) + ive = impressive (a): ấn tượng invent (v)+ ive = inventive (a): có tài phát minh, có óc sáng tạo
expense (n) + ive = expensive (a): đắt
15 N + like => Adj child (n) + like = childlike (a): như trẻ con, ngây thơ, thật thà
god (n) + like = godlike (n): như thần, như thánh
16 N + ish => Adj fool (n) + ish = foolish (a): dại dột, ngu xuẩnself (n) + ish = selfish (a): ích kỉ
4 Cách cấu tạo của trạng từ
1 Adj + ly => Adv slow (a) + ly = slowly (adv): một cách chậm chạp
rapid (a) + ly = rapidly (adv): một cách nhanh chóng
* Lưu ý:
Trang 4STT Quy tắc Ví dụ
1 N + ly => Adj
Adj + ly => Adv like + ly = likely (a)quick + ly =quickly (adv)
N + al = Adj
arrive + al = arrival (n) nation + al =national (a)
3 V + ing = N
N + ing = Adj
teach + ing = teaching (n) bore + ing = boring (a)
4 Adj + y = N
N + y = Adj
honest + y = honesty (n) wind + y = windy (a)
5 Trật tự từ
1 Sau tobe (am/is/are/was/were) là
tính từ
The book is so interesting that I can’t put it down
2 Sau động từ là trạng từ. He runs more quickly than me
3 Sau V(tri giác) + adj
* V (trigiác): hear, see, smell, taste,
feel
The food tastes delicious
4 Sau look, seem, get, become, find,
make, + adj
She looks happier than yesterday
5 Sau mạo từ (a/an/the) + N The development of industry
causes air pollution
6 Sau tính từ sở hữu
(my/your/our/his/her/their/its) là
danh từ
He failed the exam because of his laziness
7 Sau sở hữu cách là danh từ Mail’s house is very nice
8 Sau đại từ chỉ định
(this/that/these/those) + N This machine has been out of order
9 Sau some/any/many/much + N There are many people waiting for
the last bus
years of marriage next week
11 Trước danh từ là tính từ Copperheads are poisonous
snakes
12 Trước tính từ là trạng từ The matter is comparatively
complicated and sensitive
Trang 513 Đứng đầu câu, ngăn cách với phần
trong câu bằng dấu phẩy (,) là trạng
từ.
Traditionally, the positions of the women were in the kitchen
14 Sau danh từ là danh từ This firm is known for its high
quality products
15 Sau bring/take/have/buy/sell + N Money doesn’t bring happiness to
man
16 Giữa hai động từ là trạng từ He will certainly die If you don’t
call a doctor
17 Khi có “and/or/but” thì hai vế cân
nhau (cùng chức năng từ loại/ngữ
pháp/ngữ nghĩa)
The International Red Cross helps people in need without any
discrimination based on nationality, race, religion, class or political opinions
BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG
1 The issue of climate change has received a lot of _ recently
A attentive B attention C attend D attentively
2 Swimming produces both _ and physical benefits
A psychology B psychological C psychologist D psychologically
3 My friend is a good story writer; he has a rich _
A imaginatively B imagination C imagine D imaginative
4 The _ of electronic books has changed the way many people read
A Invent B invention C inventively D inventive
5 When James was in Vietnam, he tried a _ of Vietnamese dishes
6 According to present law, the authorities can give poachers a severe _
A punishing B punish C punishable D punishment
7 The new song has _ been selected for Euro 2016
A officially B official C office D officer
8 Many species of plants and animals are in _ of extinction
A dangerous B endangered C danger D dangerously
9 The wedding day was _ chosen by the parents of the groom
A careless B careful C carefully D carelessly
10 To Americans, it is impolite to ask someone about age, _ and salary
11 Despite the plan’s emphasis on agricultural _, the industrial sector received a larger share of state investment
Trang 6A developing B developer C development D developed
12 _ have announced that a major breakthrough in medicine has been made
A Research B Researchers C Researches D Researching
13 This restaurant is _ with those who like Vietnamese food
A popular B popularly C popularize D popularity
14 The jobs give you lots of chances to travel abroad; it’s certainly a very _ offer
A attractive B attract C attractively D attraction
15 It's necessary to listen to opinions that are _ from ours
A difference B differently C differ D different
16 One _ method for keeping our mind active is doing crossword puzzles
A popularity B popular C popularize D popularly
17 Sometimes it can be really _ to go hiking alone in the forest
A endanger B danger C dangerous D dangerously
18 In the past people believed that women’s _ roles were as mothers and wives
19 Although David was _ after a day's work in the office, he tried to help his wife the household chores
A exhaustion B exhausted C exhaust D exhaustively
20 A _ party was prepared to welcome the honored guests
A special B specialize C specially D specialization
21 How many means of _ do you use on a regular basis?
A communication B communicating C communicate D communicative
22 Janice made some useful _ for the class extra-curricular activities
A suggest B suggested C suggestions D suggesting
23 Jack put on his best suit to make a good _ on his future in-laws
A impression B impressive C impress D impressively
24 The more _ you look, the better impression you will make on your
interviewer
A confine B confident C confidently D confidence
25 Josh's ambition is to become a _ businessman like his father
A success B succeed C successfully D successful
26 Many twelfth graders find it hard to _ what university to apply to
27 I think mobile phones are _ for people of all ages
28 Such characters as fairies or witches in Walt Disney animated cartoons are purely _
Trang 7A imaginary B imagination C imagine D imaginatively
29 The Covid-19 pandemic has taken a heavy toll on the country's aviation _ due to international travel restrictions
A industry B industrialize C industrious D industriously
30 According to most professors, mature students are ideal students because they are hard-working and become _ involved in all aspects of the learning process
31 Tom is getting ever keener on doing research on _
A biology B biological C biologist D biologically
32 They are always _ of what their children do
A support B supporting C supportive D supportively
33 It is not always easy to make a good _ at the last minute
34 Cultural _ can be found in such simple processes as giving or receiving a gift
A differences B different C differently D differ
35 Travelling to _ countries in the world enables me to learn many interesting things
A differ B difference C differently D different
36 The job market is constantly changing due to innovative technology and new _
A competition B competitively C competitive D compete
37 In Vietnam, children begin their primary _ at the age of six
A educational B educationally C educate D education
38 Many librarians and teachers are now accepting graphic novels as proper
literature for children as they _ young people and motivate them to read
A attract B attractively C attraction D attractive
39 The success of the company in such a _ market is remarkable
A compete B competitively C competitive D competition
40 People tend to be unaware of the messages they are sending to others So, it is _ to consider your own body language before dealing with people from other cultures
41 Project-based learning provides wonderful opportunities for students to develop their _
A creative B creativity C create D creatively
42 Candidates are advised to dress formally to make a good _ on job
interviewers
A impress B impressively C impression D impressive
Trang 843 It is believed that travelling is a good way to expand our _ of the world
A knowledgeable B knowledgeably C knowledge D know
44 Susan has achieved great _ in her career thanks to her hard work
A success B succeed C successful D successfully
45 Participating in teamwork activities helps students develop their _ skills
46 You should turn off the lights before going out to save _
A electricity B electrify C electric D electrically
47 The study also found that social networks allow us to have discussions with a much more diverse set of people than in the real world, so we share knowledge with people from a wide _ of backgrounds
48 Laura came to _ me for taking care of her dog when she was away
A thank B thankfully C thankfulness D thankful
49 The candidates took a _ breath before he walked into the interview room
50 With his good sense of humour, Martin is quite _ with the students
A popularly B popular C popularise D popularity