Prokaryotic Cells Vs. Eukaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells

Now that we have learned how living things are organized what’s next? We will learn more about the lowest level of organization: cells What is the first thing that we need to know abou

Prokaryotic Cells Vs

Eukaryotic Cells

Now that we have learned how living things are organized what’s next?

 We will learn more about the lowest level of

organization: cells

What is the first thing that we need to know about

cells?

 All cells fall into one of the two major classifications

of either prokaryotic or eukaryotic

What’s the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

 Prokaryotic cells were here first and for billions of years were the only form of life on Earth All

prokaryotic organisms are unicellular

 Eukaryotic cells appeared on earth long after

prokaryotic cells but they are much more advanced Eukaryotic organisms unlike prokaryotic can be

unicellular or multicellular

 Vibrio fischeri

 Glow in the dark bacteria

 Helps it survive

in the

ocean

 Lives in fish and other

marine life

Let’s Take a Look at the Characteristics of Prokaryotes

 Prokaryotes are the simplest type of cell

 Oldest type of cell appeared about four

billion years ago.

 Prokaryotes are the largest group of

organisms

 Prokaryotes unicellular organisms that are found in all environments

Let’s Take a Look at the Characteristics of Prokaryotes

 Prokaryotes do not have a nuclear membrane Their circular shaped genetic material

dispersed throughout cytoplasm.

 Prokaryotes do not have membrane-bound

organelles

 Prokaryotes have a simple internal structure

 Prokaryotes are smaller in size when compared

to Eukaryotes.

Shapes of Prokaryotes

 Cocci = spherical (round)

 Bacillus = (rod

shaped)

 Spirilla = helical (spiral)

What do prokaryotic cell look

like?

Now let’s take a look at the

Is there more? Yes!!!

 Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotes have several different parts.

 Prokaryote’s organelles have coverings known

as membranes.

 Eukaryotes have a complex internal structure.

 Eukaryotes are larger than prokaryotes in size

What do eukaryotic cells look

How do the differences line up?

 Membrane covered Genetic material

How do the differences line up?

How do the differences line up?

How do the similarities line up?

Lets See!!!

 Both types of cells have cell membranes (outer covering of the cell)

 Both types of cells have ribosomes

 Both types of cells have DNA

 Both types of cells have

a liquid environment known as the cytoplasm

Your turn:

 Make a Venn Diagram outlining the similarities and

differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

 You may use your book and/or consult your

teammate

7 Themes of Biology

 Biology is the study of life Bio- life , logy-

study of.

 Theme 1 Cellular Structure and Function- all

living things are made of cells.

 Theme 2 Reproduction: When organism make their own kind.

 Theme 3 Metabolism: Organisms obtain and

use energy.

 Theme 4 Homeostasis: Maintain Stable internal environment.

7 Themes Of Biology

 Theme 5 Heredity: Passing of Traits from parent to offspring.

 Theme 6 Evolution: Changes in the inherited

characteristics of species over generations.

 Theme 7 Interdependence: How organisms interact with other organisms and their environment.

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

 Was the first to see

living organisms and

called them

animalcules.

 Used the first simple

light microscope.

Robert Hooke

 Used a compound

microscope and

viewed a slice of cork.

 He saw little box

structures and called

them cells He used

this name because it

reminded him of little

rooms that monks

lived in.

Matthias Schleiden

 First to see living

plant cells and

Theodor Schwann

 Viewed animal tissue

and concluded that

animals are also

made of these tiny

structures called

cells.

Rudolf Virchow

 He was the scientist

that said cells can

only be produced by

other living cells.

The Cell Theory

1. All Organisms are composed of one or more cells.

2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and

organization of organisms.

3. All cells come from other living cells.

Cells

Organelles are membrane-bound cell

parts

 Mini “organs” that have unique

structures and functions

 Located in cytoplasm

 Nucleus

 a membrane-bound sac evolved to store the cell’s

chromosomes(DNA)

 has pores: holes

mitochondria it has

 may be attached to ER

 made of RNA

 Endoplasmic reticulum

 may be smooth: builds lipids and carbohydrates

 may be rough:

stores proteins

made by attached ribosomes

 Golgi Complex

 takes in sacs of raw material

 Centrioles

 pair of bundled tubes

 organize cell division

Structures found in plant cells

 Vacuole

 huge water-filled sac

 keeps cell

pressurized

 stores starch

 Chloroplasts

 filled with chlorophyll

 turn solar energy into food energy

How are plant and animal cells different?

Structure Animal cells Plant cells

Eukaryote cells can be

multicellular

 The whole cell can be specialized for one job

 cells can work together as tissues

 Tissues can work together as organs

Advantages of each kind of

cell architecture

What do all these have in common?

Specialized Cells

describe with examples,

how cells are specialised

to perform different

functions.

state how cells group

together to form tissues.

specific cells are adapted

4. Worksheet

5. Quiz on plant and

animal cells Learning Objectives: Learning Activities:

WHAT IS A SPECIALIZED

CELL?

particular job or function.

to help them do a certain job.

SPERM CELL

The head contains enzymes which allow it to digest into an egg cell and join with it.

Head contains enzymes & nucleus

Tail

A sperm is small and has a long

tail that provides movement so it

can swim and find an egg cell.

EGG (OVUM) CELL

bulky.

provides a large food store for the new cell being

formed.

Cytoplasm containing yolk

Layer of jelly

Nucleus

PALISADE CELL

Photosynthesis

surface area to absorb

water and minerals.

help make plant food.

Nucleus

Chloroplasts

CILIATED CELL

Damage

passages (trachea, bronchi

& bronchioles) in the lungs

cilia

trapped dust and bacteria back up the throat

Nucleus

cilia

ROOT HAIR CELL

•Thin cell wall makes it easy for minerals to

NERVE CELL (NEURONE)

•They are long

•They have connections at each end

•Can carry electrical signals

•Their job is to carry nerve impulses to different parts of the body.

Nucleus

RED BLOOD CELL

•Designed to carry oxygen

•Found in blood.

•Large surface area, for oxygen to pass through

•Contains haemoglobin, which joins with oxygen.

•Has no nucleus

How do animal cells

move?

 Some can crawl with pseudopods

 Some can swim with a flagellum

 Some can swim very fast with cilia

 large whiplike tail

 pushes or pulls cell

through water

 can be single, or a

pair