CELLS Structure and Function Structure and Function

Differences Between Cell Types Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell... Common Components and Cellular Organization• Plasma Membrane – boundary surrounding the cell • Genetic material: DNA –

Structure and Function

Cell = smallest unit of life

Two Major Cell Types

Prokaryotic Bacteria

FungiPlantsAnimals

Prokaryotic Cell

Eukaryotic Cell

(protist, animal)

Eukaryotic Cell

(plant)

Differences Between Cell Types

Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell

Common Components and Cellular Organization

• Plasma Membrane

– boundary surrounding the cell

• Genetic material: DNA

– located in a membrane-bound nucleus

for eukaryotic cells

– network of filaments and tubules in cytoplasm

that maintains cell shape, allows movement

Features of

Prokaryotic Cells

All prokaryotic cells contain

Structure FunctionPlasma

Membrane

Regulates flow of substances into and out

of cell

Nucleoid Cytoplasmic region

containing genetic material

Cytoplasm Cytosol: fluid

Ribosomes Enzymes

Features of Prokaryotic Cells

Other possible prokaryotic structures

Infolded Plasma Membranes

Metabolism Cell division

Features of Prokaryotic Cells

Other possible prokaryotic structures

Structure Function

Bacterial Flagellum

Movement

Plasmid Small circular DNA

Replicates independently

Applying Your Knowledge

In bacterial cells

• where is the genetic material located?

• which one is used for movement?

• which one provides structural support

for the cell?

Functions of Eukaryotic Cell Features

Plasma

Membrane

1 Regulates passage of materials into and out of cell

2 Cell-Cell Recognition

Functions of Eukaryotic Cell Features

Functions of Eukaryotic Cell Features

DNA + protein = chromatin

2 Governs cell activities

3 Directs cell reproduction

4 Surrounded by Membrane

= nuclear envelope

5 Contains nucleolus—

produces ribosomeswhich synthesize proteins

Functions of

Eukaryotic

Cell Features

Structure Function(s)

Lysosome Contains digestive enzymes

to digest food in protists or destroy aging organelles

Functions

of Eukaryotic

Cell Features

Cytoskeleton 1 Maintains cell shape

2 Anchors organelles and proteins

3 Allows for organelle movement

and cellular movement in some cell types

Functions of

Eukaryotic Cell

Features

Centriole Gives rise to basal bodies that

produce cilia or flagella

Functions of

Eukaryotic Cell

Features

Vacuole 1 Central vacuole (plants) stores

waste, maintains turgidity.

2 Contractile vacuole (protists)

maintains water balance.

3 Food vacuole (protists) fuses with

lysosome for digestion.

1 Move substances across

cell surface in lungs, fallopian tubes

2 Cell movement in sperm,

protists

Applying Your Knowledge

A Which organelle produces proteins that

will be exported from the cell?

B Which organelle contains digestive

enzymes?

C Which site acts as a protein packaging

and distribution center?

Thought Questions

a eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

b animal and plant cells?

2 What are differences between

a eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

b animal and plant cells?

If the cell were a factory

the would be (name a cell component)

a _

(name a part of a factory)

Part of Cell Part of Factory

Steel Support, Interior Walls

Mailroom

Corporate Office, Central Operations

Cellular Interactions

 Signal Transduction: passing a signal

from the cell surface to the interior

 First messenger binds to

Cell Surface Receptor

 Receptor signals nearby

Cellular Interactions

controlled by proteins called

Cellular Adhesion Molecules

(CAMS)

important in

implicated in cancer

and arthritis.