American textbook reading science 3

useup to use al of something, so that Energy Resources replace toprovidea new one Instead of something broken ,stolen , or lost fueb that form over time from the remains of plants and an

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) Growth and Change

) Animals with and without Backbones

Lesson io

2

VisualSummary| ,

The visualsummary usesimages

with key vocabulary and other related words to introduce themain

concept of the lesson Thevisual

summaryis alsoanaid forword

association , reinforcing themeaning

of the words withincontext

i

i

i i

heat homes

1 Resources

that are

replaced quiddyby

rock or soil which you can get

metal out of Resourcesthatare

reduce

to make something smaller

in amount or size I Treesare used for buMtog homes

and furniture

useup

to use al of something, so that

Energy Resources

replace

toprovidea new one Instead of

something broken ,stolen , or lost

fueb that form over time from the remains of plants and animate oil , coal , naturalgas Fossil Fuels

energy resources other than fossil fuel : water , wind , sun

55 I

I

I

1 Key Vocabulary

These are new words for students

to learn in the lesson.

The meaning of each word is

below it.

L

Up Close I—J

This expands on the key vocabulary

or the lesson ' s main idea.This gives

students a greater level of

understanding of relatedknowledge

4

r - 1 Review 1

There are three different types of

exercises here One type is to complete

the sentences describing pictures

Another one is to write words using

their first letters and pictures.The other

one is to choose the words that best

complete the sentences.These exercises

will help students remember and better

understand the key vocabulary they

have learned on the previous page

Look at the pictures and complete the sentences Choose the correct word for each definition

1 Please turn off the water while you brush your teeth to

the amount of water used 1 to make something smaller in amount or size

coal

2. If a tree b cut down, the tree can be

another with 2 to use all of something , so that there b none left ore

reduce

3 A lot of copper are found In this region.

3 to provide a new one instead of something broken , stolen , orlost

useup

replace

of water to Bve

Plants need a ( n )

4 ablack substance dug up from the ground that

Theminer b trying tomine

J.an amount of somethingthat you have all tha tissue because of hb runny

He nose

6 rockor soil which you can get metal out of

1 All natural resources canbe replaced

2.Coal b used to make furniture

3 Ores and coal take millions of years to form

Here there are new pictures that

relate to the key vocabulary

Different pictures help students

learn a new word and remember it.

True or False |

This exercise makes students

think carefully about each

statement.

J

5

r — | Reading

The passage is the main part

of the lesson.It contains all

the key vocabulary and other

words students have been

learning in this lesson.

Students havebeenpreparing

for the passage in the previous

pages.This makes it easier for

students to comprehend the

passage.They also test

students ' ability to remember

what is written in the passage

Comprehension Reading

- R e a d the passage Complete the chart Choose the correct answer

1.Which of these resources can be replaced ?

a coal

Different Types of Natural Resources

Earth has many natural resources We

usethem In many ways A tree b

a natural resource We use wood to make goods Uke furniture A tree can

be replaced If we cut down the tree ,

another one can grow But it takes many years Coal is a natural resource

We use coal tomake electricity An ore is another natural resource

Ores contain metal Weuse metal for making many goods Some natural resources.Ilka coal and ore , take millions of yean tobe made

Their supply is limited Once used , they cannot be replaced quickly

We are using these resources very quickly thesedays We need to

reduce the amount of natural resources weuse They need tobe

conserved If all the coal and ore are used up , electricity and goods

win have to be made In other ways

3.An ore b not easilyreplaced ,

a but we can conserve it

b but we can plant more

c but we can replace coal

4 We are using resources quickly , so weneed

a to grow more ore so we can use It

b to Increase our use of natural resources

c toreducethe amount of resources we use

1

READING SKILL Main Idea and Details r

Write the correct answer

[ Naturalresources are used for many things ]

1 Nameone replaceable and one norweplaceabie natural resource

Trees are natural

resources Their supply

boot Imited Treescan

be ©

Some natural resources

have a Imited supply

Sowe need to

o bused tomake electricity

0 contain 2 Why should we reduce the amount of resources we use?

o our metal , which b used to

make many things

useof them

L — J Reading Skill

Each passage incorporates the use

of skills such as finding the main

idea , sequencing ,comparing and

contrasting , classifying,etc.

Organizing information from the

passage in the chart helps

students identify and understand

key concepts or key parts of the

passage.This aids students '

comprehension of the passage

Critical Thinking | — J

These questions stimulate

critical thinking , which is an

important part of the learning process.This section will help students

develop their reading skills.

6

r — | Vocabulary 1

These exercises test students ' ability to remember the meanings

of words using pictures as a guide.

08 Different Types of Natural Resources

wtut you or you will get very big

d reduce

4 You should

a provide b use c rahc

L 1 Fill In th « blanks using the words from the box S.I have aH my money , soI will stay at home during the

weekend

> usedup b replaced c reduced d broken

at home to keep us warm,

Birth has many natural resources W

* use them in many ways A tree Is

It takes many years •

to make electricity An e is another natiral resoirce

Ores containmetal We use metal for making many goods Some natural resources , like coal and ore , take millions of years tobe made Their

• is limited Onceused,they cannot be replaced quickly

We are using these resources very quickly these days Weneed to

•

2 Choose the word that best completes the sentence

1 If you have drunk all the orange luicq, please

r

It with another one

be conserved If all the coal and ore arc •

goodswill have to be modein other ways

we can get iron and nickel

- | Vocabulary 2

These exercises make students

use the key vocabulary words

in a context that is different from that in the passage.This

increases students ' understanding and ability to use the words.

I

i

Listen & Write I

Students can practice their listening skills.A native

speaker of English reads the passage aloud, and this allows

students to hear the proper

pronunciation of words

J

7

I Living and Nonliving Things

Lesson 01

Lesson02 | Plant Parts

Lesson031 Growth and Change

Lesson 04| Animals with and without

Backbones

Lessonos JJ 51 ant Adaptations

to take airinto y& i

thebodyand '*

to become bigger or taller

over a periodof time

oxygen

a gas that livingthings

to makemore living things

of the same kind

Thebaby drinks milk

from her mother,so she

can grow.

Change

Thegirl can talk,walk,

and eatbyherself.

11

Review 1

E x e r c i s e

Choose the correct word for each definition

1. to make more living things of the same kind

1. A living thing can't move but it can reproduce.

2. Nonliving things do not grow or change.

3. A living thing becomes taller and bigger.

T / F

T / F

13

l

rrarn

f Read the passage Complete the chart

In the world, there are living things and

nonliving things. A living thing is something

that is alive. A chick is a living thing.A chick

lives in a nest.It needs space to live in.

A chick breathes air.Air has oxygen in it.Almost all living things

Mi

•.

need oxygen to live.A chick needs to eat and drink. Food and water

help keep the chick healthy.It grows and changes into a chicken

Living things can reproduce A chickencan make an egg.A chick

comes from an egg. Oneday, the chicken will |die All living things

die.Some things donot die because they have never been alive They

are called nonliving things.Rocks arenonliving things Theydo not

breatheor grow. Rocks do not need to eat or drink.A rock doesnot

move by itself.Nonliving things cannot reproduce

READING SKILL Compare and Contrast

Living Things Nonliving Things

Livingthingsare © Nonliving thingsarenot ©

Living things need food,water,

Living things can Nonliving thingscannot make new

thingslikethemselves

©

14

1. What is the nameof something that is alive?

3. A nonliving thing doesnot grow,

a. but it needsto breatheair

b. but it can moveby itself

c. but a living thing growsandchanges

4. Living things need food and water,

a. but they don't need oxygen tolive

b. and they also need spacetolive in

c. andsomenonliving things needto eat,too

Critical Thinking

1. What is the reason that nonliving thingsdo not die?

2. Name three examples of living things.

15

MoreVocabul ary

a plant that climbs up or over the part of a plant that

can grabthings

onto things

attract

to cause someoneor something

to move towards another thing

Visual Summary

1

Someplants have thorns on their

stems.Thornscan protect a plantfrom animals.

Petals are the thin parts of a flower.

They are colorful and attract insects.

plantparts.

Flowers form fruitand

' • Ufi * . ;/ .

Exercise

Choose the correct word for each definition

to cover a larger and larger area over time

4. one of the thin,colorful parts of a flower

5. to hold something in place

6. to cause someone or something to move towards

1. Petals are the sharp parts of a plant.

2. Thorns on plants attract animals.

3. Cactusplants live in areas that havelittle water.

19

Plant Parts

Petals are the thin parts of a flower. They

can be large or small.Petals are colorful

and smell nice.They attract insects.

Dandelion flowers have many yellow

petals'.Bees liketo visit dandelions.Some

plants have thorns on their stems.These

thorns aresharp and can hurt.You should keep away from them

A cactus is a plant that has many thorns. Cactus plants live in areas

wherethereis little water like a desert They store water intheir

stems. Animalswant to drink thiswater.Thorns can protect the

things.The tendrils support the vine and holdit inplace Vines can

spread a long way.Beans and watermelons grow on vines.

READING SKILL Causeand Effect

Petalssmell nice. PetalsQ insects.

Theseplantparts aresharp

and canhurt © protectplants You

shouldkeep away from these sharpthings.

Avinehas tendrils.They

grab ontothings and The vine © _ a long way .

thevine.

&

20

Choose the correct answer.

1. Which part of theplant attractsinsects?

a. thorns b. vines c. petals

2. Thorns help

a. grab

a plantfrom animals.

b. protect c. spread

3. A vine's tendrilsareneeded

a. to hold the vine inplace

b. to drink water from theground

c. to attract insects to the vine

4. Vines .

a. can spread a long way

b. have thorns to protect themselves

c. have colorful petals to grab things

s

A

Critical Thinking

Write the correct answer

1. Why do cactus plants store water in their stems?

2 Explain how vines spread along the ground orwalls.

21

More Vocabul ary

tobecome fully grown for a femaleanimalto

producea

baby from

her body

parent

the father or mother of

an animal ,a plant ,or a person

tadpole

a small creature with a

long tail whichdevelops

/7 ' , ' • * - . • « : »

Review 1

Choose the words that best complete the sentences.

,they willgrow and (2)

Afatheris oneof the

Exercise

Choose the correct wordfor each definition.

1. a fully grown animal or plant

Circle T for true, F for false

1. Butterflies begin their lives as eggs.

2. Plants come out of an egg.

3. Tadpoles do not look similar to their parents.

T/ F

T/ F

T/ F

25

Reading ;

Read the passage

Growth and Change

Plants usually reproduce through seeds and

grow in stages. First,a seed germinates and

begins to grow Roots come out of the seed

Then,a stem grows up out of the ground Next,the stem grows

leaves.It now looks like its parents. As the plant grows and grows,

it matures and becomes an adult plant By contrast,animals

reproduce in several ways. Female mammals give birth to their

young.The young look like their parents.Theyoung grow and grow.

They mature andbecome an adult.Humans,cats,and dogs are

mammals.Frogs areamphibians.Their young are called tadpoles

They come out of an egg.They have a tail,but do not have legs

They look different from theirparents.Asthey mature, they grow legs

and the tail disappears.As an adult,they look like their parents.

READING SKILL Sequence

Roots comeoutof the seed.Then,a stem

growsup outof the ground. 1 II TheThey young begin look liketogrow.theirparents .

The stem thengrowsleaves.Later,it

plant The young 0

andbecomeanadult

becomes an 0

26

Choose the correct answer.

1. In thefirst stage of growth,a seed will

a. reproduce

— •

c. germinate

b. mature

2. Asfrogs grow,they develop legs and their tails

a. disappear b. move c. grow

3. Mammals give birth to their young,

a. and a frog is a mammal

b. but amphibians come out of eggs

c. but they do not grow

4. As young animals and plants become adults,

a. they look like their parents

b. they reproducein asingle way

c. they beginto germinate

Critical Thinking

¥

Write the correct answer

1. How does a tadpole change into an adult frog?

2. How do mammals reproduce to make new animals?

27

a layer of something over

an insect withlong bac

to make small jumps

to fly by floating on air

protect

to keep something or someone

safe fromdamage

The six legsofan ant

helpitclimb onsmooth

orroughplaces.

Theshell of acrabhelps keepthecrab

safe.

Antennaehelpa beetle

feel,taste,hear, and

smell.

29

Choose the correct word for each definition

1. to make small jumps

backbone

2. the hard outer covering of some animals

covering shell

3. a layer of something over something else

hop glide

4. to keep something or someone safe from damage

protect

5. the line of bones down your back

6. to fly by floating on air

True or False

Circle T for true, F for false

1. Mammals andreptiles have backbones.

2. Insects have six wings.

3. Grasshoppers have backbones.

T / F

31

Read the passage

Bones give an animal its shape.They help an

animal move.Bones help to protect an animal.

Some animals have backbones and some do

not. Mammals,reptiles, amphibians ,birds,and

fish havebackbones.Birds have wings and they

can fly.A flyingsquirrel does not have wings,

butit can glide likebirds.Some animals have hard coverings or

shells,not backbones.Insects do not have backbones.They have hard

coverings.The coveringshelp insectsmove and protect them Insects

have six legs.They can climb very well. Many insects can hop

A grasshopper canhop a very long way.A grasshopper has wings.

It can also fly.Acrab does not have a backbone — it has a shell.

The shell protects it.Acrabcan swim like fish.Turtles are unusual

animals.They have backbones and shells.

READING SKILL Compare and Contrast

Animals with andwithout Backbones

Fish and crabscan Fishhave ©

Crabshaveshells

Birdshave backbones

Grasshoppers have hard ©

TheycanQ

©

Birdsand grasshoppers

have wingsandthey can

a long way.

32

3. Mammals and reptiles have backbones, and

a. insects have backbones,too

b. fish have backbones,too

c. amphibians have shells

4. Bones give animals their shapes,

a. and shells helpthem move

b. andhelp them fly

c. and helpto protectthem

A

Critical Thinking r

Write the correct answer

1. How do bones help animals?

:

s

2

! I

1

33

having a lotofhair

not far from

needle

a thin,sharpobject

usually used in sewing

Goldenrod Plant Stinging Nettle Saguaro Cactus

( i

Its tiny,sharphairs

the stem protecttheplant from animals .

Itslong,thickstem

holds water.

on

Its stiff stems andleaves help theplantkeep the water it

needs to live.

35

Review 1

Look atthe pictures and complete the sentences

If it's too cold outside, water will

We mustcare about our

The leaves aregreen and onboth sides

Choose the correct word for each definition

1. to nothave something any longer

5. the natural world

environment

6. to become hard and solid because the

temperature goes below0°C

k

A

True o r False

Circle T for true, F for false

1. Tundra plantsare smooth to stay warm.

2. A prairie has a lot of trees.

3. Pine trees are found in woodlands.

T/ F

T/ F

T / F

37

Plants have adapted to live in their

habitats.Tundras are cold and

windy habitats. Most tundra plants |§g

are hairy.This adaptation helps

keep the plants warm.The plants

grow close to each other and to the ground , and that protects them

from the wind. A prairie is a flat habitat with a lot of grass It is hotand dry in summer.Prairie plants have narrow leaves.This helps the plant keep water.Leaves lose water. But wide leaves lose water fasterthannarrow leaves.Woodland trees have adapted to the

environment.In winter, water can freeze and plants cannot use it.

Maple trees have wide,flat leaves. The leaves drop off in fall. This

helps themaple to conserve water.Pine trees have narrow, needle shaped leaves.They do not drop off and they lose little water.

-J

READING SKILL Main Idea and Details

( Plantshave adaptedto live intheir habitats

^

Prairieplantshave

Tundra plantsare Mapletrees Pine trees have

narrow leaves,so

they

©

andgrowclose

to each other. leavesto help leaves dropwater whenoff in

38