American textbook reading science 4

Theocean is the biggest habitat Many types of saltwater plants and anlmab live in the ocean.. Flowers can make seeds without making fruit.. and they also have sporesto grow Critical Thin

Textbook

Ellen Guerrero

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Lesson 07) Changeson Earth

) Rocks and Minerals

Changes inWeatherThe Moon, Planets , and Stars

Student Book

Visual Summary | -—, ,

The visual summary uses images with key vocabulary and other related words to introduce the main concept of the lesson.The visual summary is also an aid for word

association , reinforcing the meaning

of the words within context.

a large ,flat , and cold area of land

where no trees grow

i

coat thefur covering an animal ' s body has

Desert

Tundra i

m

% Various Kinds

of Habitats woodland

anarea of land on which many trees grow

^ FreshwaterHabitatvs.Saltwater Habitat j

I Animals in a Freshwater Habitat Animals In a Saltwater Habitat

36

L — I Key Vocabulary

These are new words for students

to learn in the lesson.

The meaning of each word is below it.

Up Close | J

Thisexpands onthe key vocabulary

or the lesson ' s main idea.This gives

students a greaterlevel of

understanding of related knowledge.

4

Science Book

There are three different types of

exercises here.One type is to complete

the sentences describing pictures.

Another one is to write words using

their first letters and pictures.The other

one is to choose the words that best

complete the sentences.These exercises

will help students remember and better

understand the key vocabulary they

have learned on the previous page

Exercise |

This exercise will test

students ' understanding

of the written definition of

the key vocabulary.

~ \

I Review 1 Exercise

J Choose the correct word for each definition

L Choose the words that best complete the sentences

We can see polar bears In 0 )

3 the home of an animal or a plant grows well In ^

Write the correct habitat for each picture

Circle T for true , F for false

1.There are a lot of trees In the woodland

2 It ' s dry and hot in tundras

3 Freshwater plants grow In the ocean

T / F

T / F

T / F habitat

habitat

habitat

37 36

L — J Review 2

Here there are new pictures that

relate to the key vocabulary.

Different pictures help students

learn a new word and remember it. True or False

r — - | Reading

The passage is the main part

of the lesson.It contains all

the key vocabulary and other

words students have been

learning in this lesson.

Students have been preparing

for the passage in the previous

pages.This makes it easier for

students to comprehend the

passage

Comprehension |—^

These questions test students '

comprehension of the passage.They also test

students' ability to remember what is written in the passage.

Read the passage Complete the chart ( ? ) Choose the correct answer J

A tundra b a very cold habitat There b

a lot of snow in the winter Plants living in the tundra do not grow very tall , and

they grow close together Tundra animals like polar bean and wolves have thick coats to keep themwarm A woodland Isa habitat that gets a lot of rain and has many trees The soil b moist Many producers and consumers live in woodlands A desert b a very dry habitat with sandy soil It b very hot In the day and very cold at night Few producers or consumers live in deserts Theocean is the biggest habitat Many types of saltwater plants and anlmab live in the ocean They have adapted to live in the ocean Lakes are freshwater habitats that are

on land Freshwater plantsand animals live In lakes.

3 The desert isa difficult habitat to live in,

a so fewproducers live there

b so many animals Uve there

c so many consumers live there

4 The woodland has moist soil ,

a and the desert has sandy soil

b because It Ua dry habitat

c so (ew producers or consumerslive there READING SKILL Classify

r

~ \

[ Different Kinds of Habitats ]

Write the correct answer

f Tundra ] — ( Tundras are very Q andpolar bears live there ]

f Woodland ] — ( Woodlands have a lot of trees and the soli it Q

f Desert J — ( Deserts are very Q

1 What b a woodland habitat like?

D

habitats with sandy soil ! J

{ Ocean ] — [ Q f

2 What kind ofhabitat do saltwater anlmab and plants live In ? plantsand animals live in theocean

plants and anlmab live In lakes

L — A Reading Skill

Each passage incorporates the use

of skills such as finding the main idea , sequencing , comparing and contrasting , classifying , etc.

Organizing information from the passage in the chart helps students identify and understand key concepts or key parts of the passage.This aids students '

comprehension of the passage

Critical Thinking |—J

These questions stimulate critical thinking , which is an

importantpartof the

learning process.This section will help students

develop their reading skills

6

rkbook f

r— J Vocabulary 1

These exercises test students ' ability to remember the meanings

of words using pictures as a guide.

a house b event d habitat

L 1 Fill in the blanks using the words from the box becauseit Is too cold there ,

c plain

_ animals They cannot drink water that has salt In It

b freshwater c saltwater

5 No trees grow Ina

a woodland b tundra d valley

In the winter.Plants living in the tundra do not grow very tall , and they

grow dose together Tundra animals like polar bear

* and wolves have thick tokeep them warm A •

gets alot of rain andhas many trees The soilis • Many producers and consumers live in woodlands A desert is a very dry habitat with sstdy soil It is very hot in the day and very cold at night Few producers or consumers live in deserts Theocean is the biggest habitat Many types of •

have adapted to live In the ocean Lakes are •

areon land Freshwater plantsand animalslive In lakes

Thereis o lot of snow

tundra woodland saltwater habitat mol si freshwater

• _ is a habitat that

2 Choose the word that best completes the sentence

r

1 As it rained yesterday, the ground Is

b moist c rough <Lhard

a flat plants and animals live in the ocean ,

These exercises make students

use the key vocabulary words

in a context that is different

from that in the passage.This

increases students '

understanding and ability to

use the words

Listen & Write I

Students can practice their listening skills.A native

speaker of English reads the passage aloud , and this allows

students to hear the proper

pronunciation of words.

J

a tree withlarge|eav.

that turn red

a green plant with long stems

and thin leaves

spore

one of the tiny reproductive bodies

of ferns and mosses , similar to the seeds

Visual Summary

Grouping Plants by Flowers

Moss /Fern

Mosses and ferns do

not have flowers or

seeds.They use spores

to reproduce.

Flowering Plant

Flowering plants have

flowers. Flowerscan

make fruit and seeds.

Conifer

Conifers have no

flowers.They have

cones,and the cones

4 V

Review 1

Look at the pictures and complete the sentences .

have leaves butdo not have flowers

&

1. ;

A

The field is full of

are found on the leaves.

-V

E x e r c i s e

1. oneof the tiny reproductivebodies of ferns

and mosses,similar to the seeds of other

3. a greenplant with long stems and thin leaves

spore

contain

4. a plant which produces flowers

5. a tree that produces seeds inside cones

6. a small green plant that grows in wet areas

A Reading

\

plete the chart

Read the passage Com

Grouping Plants

There are two types of plants One type has flowers,and the other

have flowers.Flowers can make fruit and

.The fruit contains

doesnot. Flowering plants

seeds. An orange tree's flowers make oranges

seeds. Flowers can make seeds without making fruit Most vegetables

have flowers.We sometimes eat these flowers [ CoRlfe1

^ ^ave no

flowers,but they have cones.The cones contain seeds The seeds fallout of the cones.They can becomea new conifer

tree. Another treewith no flowers is the maple tree.

It has unusual seeds.They look like wings.The seeds

cantravel a longway from the tree. Mosses and

ferns are unusual plants They do nothave flowers

or seeds.They use spores to reproduce ,instead of

seeds.Mosses often grow on wet rocks.Ferns

usually live in warm,shady,and wet places.

READING SKILL Main Idea and Details

( One type ofplant hasflowers,andthe other doesnot ]

©

Someplantshave

flowers andfruit.

Fruitcontains

MossesandQ

donot haveflowers or seeds

They use ©

reproduce, instead of seeds

have noflowers ,butthey have cones

which contain seeds.

to

0

14

• » « '»

Comprehension

Choose the correct answer.

make both seeds andfruit,

3. Ferns are unusual plants because _

a. they do not reproduceat all

b. they do not haveflowers or seeds

c. they grow seeds but not flowers

4. Most vegetables have flowers,

a. and mosses growflowers,too

b. but conifers do not grow flowers

c. and they also have sporesto grow

Critical Thinking v

Write the correct answer

1. What kind of place doferns live in?

2. Where do mosses often grow?

Key Vocab

to throw or drop objects over

little hooks on a seed

that can stick

an area

to things

m

furblow

the hair thatcovers

to make something move by

some animals

-land

to come to the ground after

moving in the air

fully grown and ready

Chestnut burrs get

stuck on the fur or

feathers of animals.

The seeds of the maple

tree are scattered

through the air.

The seeds of thewater

lily float on lakes.

/ \

Review 1

/

t words .

rite the correc

Look at the pictures and w

18

1. to make something move by a currentof air

5. for one object to become attached to another

6. to throw or drop objects over an area

True or False

Circle T for true, F for false

T / F

1. The wind helps scatter seeds.

2. Seeds arenot moved by animals.

3. Burrs move seeds aroundwhen they fly.

T/ F

T / F

Complete the chart .

Read the passage

Seeds Are Scattered

How

is difficultfor a seed to grow

.|f seeds are scattered ,

Plants grow from seeds It is

in thesame space asits parent

they are more likelyto grow into new plants

blow seeds away from a plant Where a

plant Sometimes the seeds are

, Seeds are scatteredin

many ways.The wind can

seed lands,it might grow into a new

inside fruits.Animalslike to eat ripe fruit

from a plant and fly away.When they land and eat the fruit,the seeds

fallout. Birds can scatter seeds over a large area. Some seeds have

Sometimes , birds take fruit

burrs.These seeds can stick to an animal 's fur.The animal movesaround and the seeds can drop off the animal in different areas.Seeds

be scatteredthis way.The wind and animals help scatter seeds,

can

andso plants havemore spaceto live in.

READING SKILL Cause and Effect

Thewind canQ

seedsaway from a plant ^ The seeds0

in different areas.

Animals liketo eat 0_

fruitandmove around Animals can ©

seeds.

Seedswithburrs canQ

toandQ off animals. The seeds can be scattered

20

^ rf f -ivaiW '

iK *.f « «» -. ? * ; ; « :.S • ; ? 4 r « ? r i r i IComprehension

Choose the correct answer.

1. Seeds aremore likely to grow if they are

b. far from

their parents.

a. next to

c. close to

2. Animals usually eat

a. ripe fruit b. burrs c. new plants

3. Seeds with burrs attach to animals'fur,and then

a. birdstake them from theanimals

b. drop off the animals later

c. thewind blowsthe seeds away

4. Seeds can be scattered

a. only by animals

b. by animals and the wind

c. and dropped off byparent plants

Critical Thinking

r

Write the correct answer

1. Why do seeds need to be scattered?

2. How do birds help move seeds?

I ananimal that has a long nose

I andeats ants

skunk

a black andwhite

that canmakeabadsmell

tochangeinorder to be ableto

be successfulina new situation

camouflage

an animal 'scolor

makesithardtobor shape that

eseen

safe from otheranimals

The ptarmigan has

.

Review 1

and write the correct words

Look at the pictures

^ ^ SHEE 225 Bi 4 Bfi & i £ d2 iiA

E x e r c i s e

1. the soft moveable partin your mouth

4. an animal's color or shapethat makes ithard

1. Long necks helpgiraffes to get their food.

2. Skunks stay safe by using camouflage.

3. Camouflage helps animals look like other things.

T / F

T / F

Reading

Complete the chart

Read the passage

Animal Adaptations

, animal bodies have adapted

.These changes are called

help an animal get

Over a longtime

adaptations Adaptations

Giraffes have long necks Giraffes depend

can

on this adaptation tofood.

eat leaves high up in trees

eat ants that live underground Anteaters use their long tongues togetthe ants.Frogs also have long tongues Their long tongues help

them to get food.An adaptation canhelp an animal be safe A skunk

spray aliquid that smells very bad Skunks depend on this liquid

tokeepthem safefrom other animals Some animalseat other

animals. Many animals have camouflage.They look like objects

. Anteaters have very long tongues They

can

around them.It is difficult to see an animal with camouflage

Camouflage helps keep the animal safe from other animals.

READING SKILL Cause and Effect

They look likeobjectsnear them

Theyarehard to see This keeps themsafe from other animals.

26

Comprehension w

1. Animalbodies "have" adapted to their

3. How does a skunk protect itself from other animals?

a. It uses camouflage to hide from other animals.

b It uses a long tongue to hit other animals

c. It sprays aliquid that smells very bad.

4. Some adaptations keep animals safe,and

a. others make animalsdangerous

b othershelp animals get food

c. others make animals easier to see

A

Critical Thinking

v

Write the correct answer

1. Name three kinds of adaptations that animals have.

2. How does camouflage helpanimals?

Key Vocabulary

producer

g thing that makes its own caterpillar

a small animalthat

a living thing that

its own food

an animal that is hunted and

eaten by another animal

a line of living things that depend

eats the vole.

The vole eats

thecorn.

Review 1

and complete the sentences

Look at the pictures

Awild pig is

thecheetah

Thehawkis trying tocatchits

like plants make their ownfood.

their food when they are

Wild animals

hungry.

Bigfish are usually at the top of the

like birdscannot make their own food.

Choose the correctword for each definition

1. ananimal that huntsand eats otheranimals

producer

2. an animal thatis hunted and eaten by another

predator

3. a line of living things that dependonother living

hunt

4. tolookfor or chasean animal so asto eatit

5. a living thingthat makes its ownfood

6. a living thing that cannot make itsown food

True or

Circle T for true, F for false

1 Producers maketheir ownfood. T/ F

2. There is only one food chain.

3. Prey hunts and eats other animals.

T / F

T / F

Complete the chart

Read the passage.

Producers are living things that make their

own food. Plants are producers They make

their ownfoodusing sunlight and nutrients.

Consumers are living things that cannot

make their ownfood.They eat plants oranimals to live. All animals are consumers.

Consumers need tofind food.A food chainshows whateats what. A caterpillar eats a leaf.A bird eats thecaterpillar.A cat eats the bird.This is just one food chain.There arefood chains everywhere.A predator is an animal that hunts and eats

prey. Prey is the animalthat is hunted and eaten.Inthe ocean, one

of the smallest prey iskrill.Fish eat krill and sharks eat fish. This is one

ocean food chain. Thelargest animal in the world is the blue whale.

It isa predator. Blue whaleseat krill.

Living thingsfind food indifferent ways.

is an animal

thatand eats

areliving thingsthat

cannotmake their own

food.

living things that make

their own food.

©

32

Choose the correct answer

1. All animals are

3. A predator hunts and eats other animals,and

a. predators arenot on the food chain

b. the animals predatorseat are calledprey

c. producersare sometimes predators

4. The largest animal in the world is the blue whale,

a. and the smallest prey in the ocean is fish

b. and it is eaten by sharks

c. and it is a predator that eats krill

Critical Thinking

Write the correct answer

1. What does a food chain show?

2. What is the difference between consumers andproducers?

MoreVocabulai - y

tundra

a large,flat, and cold area

where no trees grow

of land on which many

Animals in a Freshwater Habitat Animals in a Saltwater Habitat

animals like frogs liveinlakes.

.

Exercise

Choose the correct word for each definition

1. a little bit wet

tundra

2. of or found inwater that contains salt

woodland habitat

3. the home of an animal or a plant

saltwater

4. a large,flat,and cold area of land where no trees

moist

5. of orfound in water thatdoes not contain salt

6. an area of land on which many trees grow

True or False

/

Circle T for true, F for false

1. There are a lot of trees in the woodland.

2. It's dry and hot in tundras.

3. Freshwater plants grow in the ocean.

T / F

T / F

T/ F

Choose the correct answer

1. A desert is different from a tundra because it is very

3. The desert is a difficult habitat tolive in,

a. so few producers live there

b. so many animals live there

c. so many consumers live there

4. The woodland has moist soil,

a. and the desert has sandy soil

b. because it is a dry habitat

c. so few producersor consumers live there

Critical Thinking

w

Write the correct answer

1. What is a woodland habitat like?

2. What kind of habitat do saltwater animals and plantslive in?

39