Lighting with Artificial Light 10 ppt

licht.wissen 10 Emergency lighting, safety lighting Emergency lighting provides safety Anyone looking for information about power outages in Germany needs to consult the “Availability S

licht.wissen 10

Emergency lighting, safety lighting

Emergency lighting provides safety 2

means no lighting In places of assembly,

schools, hospitals, etc., mains-independent

emergency and safety lighting now needs to

kick in to make it possible for people to leave

the building safely The light it provides facilitates

orientation and reduces risk of accident

licht.wissen 10 Emergency lighting, safety lighting

Power failures

Two “extreme incidents” are imprinted onmany Germans’ memory In November

2005, masts carrying overhead power lines

in the Münster area collapsed under theweight of snow and ice, causing a blackoutthat lasted more than four days A year later,

on 4 November 2006, an event in the land area gave rise to a power outage thatleft large parts of Europe without electricityfor a number of hours: a high-tension cablewas shut down to allow a cruise vessel tosail down the Ems River from the Meyershipyards at Papenburg to the North Sea

Ems-But most power outages are more localisedaffairs and do not last hours Germany hasthe best record in Europe for reliable powersupply However, the number of outage inci-dents is rising – and the causes are diverse:

a violent storm, high winds, earthworks/

excavation operations, a fire and a systemoverload accounted for just five of 27 powerfailures

Emergency and safety lighting

No electricity means no lighting This is whenmains-independent emergency lightingneeds to kick in Panic spreads quickly in abuilding suddenly plunged into darkness –especially if there are many people presentand some are not familiar with the surround-ings A blackout in an unknown place for anunknown reason sparks fear To facilitate orientation and reduce risk of accident,routes out of the building should be marked

by a supplementary system of escape routeluminaires

Safety lighting is a must Where emergencylighting is required, responsibility for installingand maintaining it resides with the operator

of the establishment; ensuring that a new or

modernised installation complies with tions is the responsibility of the designer.Failure to comply with the stipulations setout in standards may be judged hazardousbuilding practice, which is an offence pun-ishable under paragraph 319 of the GermanCriminal Code

regula-Despite harmonisation efforts, the rulesabout where emergency lighting is requiredstill differ – in some cases from one part ofGermany to another but, in particular, be-tween Germany and other member states ofthe European Union (EU) Here are two ex-amples:

> In Germany, emergency lighting is not currently required for retirement homes; inFinland, Holland, Italy, Sweden and Spain, itneeds to be installed regardless of the scale

of the establishment or the number of beds

> In Germany and Austria, emergency ing is required only for sales premises over2,000 m2 In Belgium, Finland and Sweden,blanket regulations are in place

light-Comparison shows (“Emergency lighting inEurope”, see “Standards, literature”, page38) that Germany has few general require-ments for emergency lighting and the thresh-olds above which emergency lighting ismandatory are relatively generous There is

no requirement, for example, for small ormedium-scale enterprises to install emer-gency lighting So the safety of people work-ing there is not guaranteed in the event of apower failure In terms of emergency lightingstandards required by building regulations,Germany ranks behind most of the EU

licht.wissen 10 Emergency lighting, safety lighting

Emergency lighting provides safety

Anyone looking for information about power outages in Germany needs to consult the “Availability Statistics”

published by the association of German electricity network operators (VDN) within the German Energy and Water Association (BDEW) This is where the power industry keeps a tally of “incidents”, by which it generally means mains power failures

[02] Wherever a power failure occurs, hazard potential is increased Sudden darkness sparks fear: the reason for the blackout is unknown and even people familiar with the building find it diffi- cult or impossible to get their bearings In many buildings it is therefore mandatory that escape routes should be marked by mains-independent lighting and a supplementary safety lighting sys- tem should be installed

but new emergency lighting systems should display the new symbol (right) licht.de advises against mixing old and new signs in an existing system

03

Emergency lighting is not only used forbridging gaps in general power supply; italso helps in other emergencies If a buildingneeds to be evacuated, for example, emer-gency lighting plays a key role in helpingpeople get their bearings and find their wayalong escape routes to safe areas.

Emergency lighting includes

> safety lighting and

> standby lighting

Safety lighting, in turn, is divided into

> safety lighting for escape routes includingescape route signs,

> anti-panic lighting and

> safety lighting for particularly hazardousworkplaces

DIN EN 1838 sets out the requirements forsafety lighting in emergency operation, i.e inthe event of a power failure; DIN 4844 deals

with the lighting requirements for safety

signs during normal mains operation

The electrical requirements for system

plan-ning, installation and operation are contained

in E DIN VDE 0108-100 (for information [inGerman] about the current status of norma-tive requirements, see www.dke.de, searchterm “Sicherheitsbeleuchtungsanlagen”) andthe current draft standards relating to it (see

“Standards, literature”, page 38)

The safety and electrical requirements that

need to be met by luminaires for emergencylighting systems are defined in DIN EN60598-2-22

licht.wissen 10 Emergency lighting, safety lighting

When power systems fail

When the general artificial lighting fails after a power outage, the emergency lighting system takes over Where there

is a risk of accident after a power failure, the safety lighting needs to be activated

04

Types of emergency lighting

get to safety

lighting

IEC = International Electrotechnical Commission

CENELEC = Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique (European Committee for

Electrotechnical Standardisation)

DIN = Deutsches Institut für Normung (German Standards Institute)

VDE = Verband der Elektrotechnik, Elektronik und Informationstechnik (Association for

Elec-trical, Electronic & Information Technologies)

ISO = International Organization for Standardization

CIE = Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage (International Commission on Illumination)

CEN = Comité Européen de Normalisation (European Committee for Standardisation)

Safety lighting is divided into

> safety lighting for escape routes, includingescape route signs

> to enable potentially hazardous work

operations to be safely terminated

The most important features of safety lighting:

> luminaires are mounted at least 2 metres

above floor level;

> escape signs at emergency exits and at

exits along escape routes are all illuminated

or back-lit;

> if an emergency exit is not directly visible,

one or more illuminated and/or back-lit cape signs need to be positioned along theescape route

In addition to general illumination of the cape route, DIN EN 1838 stresses the needfor illumination at special points, such as po-tential hazard sites Safety luminaires for thispurpose need to be positioned at the follow-ing points:

es-> at exit doors for emergency use

> near stairs, single steps or any otherchange of level

> at prescribed emergency exits and safetysigns

> at any point where there is a change of direction

> at any point where corridors cross

> near any First Aid post, fire-fighting facility

or alarm device

> near final exits

> outside the building near every final exit

“Near” means no more than 2 metres away

licht.wissen 10 Emergency lighting, safety lighting

6

Safety lighting

Safety lighting is always needed where failure of general lighting presents a risk of accidents

National Building Regulations

Ordinance Governing Places of Assembly(VStättVO)

Ordinance Governing Sales Premises(MvkVO)

Ordinance Governing Accommodation Establishments (BeVO)

Ordinance Governing High-rise Buildings(HochhausVO)

Ordinance Governing Garages (GarVO)Guideline for School Buildings (SchulbauR)Ordinance Governing Hospital Buildings(KhBauVO)

Model Guideline on Fire Protection Requirements for Conduction Systems(MLAR)

Ordinance Governing Electrical OperatingAreas (EltBauVO)

Occupational safety

Occupational Safety Act (ArbSchG)Workplace Ordinance (ArbStättVO)Workplace regulations (ASR)Health and safety rules (BGR)

A selection of key laws and ordinances

2 m

[06] On escape routes up to 2 metres wide, the horizontal illuminance on the central axis must be at least 1 lx (measured at height of max 2 centimetres)

Among other things, luminaires for safety ing need to be positioned …

light-[07] … at least two metres above floor level;

[08] … near (max 2 metres from) stairs to ensure direct illumination of each tread;

[09] … near (max 2 metres from) any First Aid post, fire-fighting facility or alarm device.

[10] … outside the building near (max 2 tres from) every final exit

me-09

07

1008

Lighting and signs are vital for safety on escape routes

They must always include:

> escape sign luminaires or illuminated

escape signs for marking the escape route

as well as

> luminaires for illuminating the route

What is more, all employers are required toposition escape and rescue plans wherethey are clearly visible to everyone: employ-ees must have a chance to memorise es-cape and rescue routes so that emergencystairs and emergency exits can always befound Escape and rescue plans also serve

as an orientation aid for emergency servicessuch as the fire service

According to DIN EN 1838, escape routesafety lighting forms part of the safety light-ing system, enabling emergency facilities to

be clearly identified and safely used wherepersons are present On escape routes up totwo metres wide, the horizontal illuminance

on the central axis needs to be at least 1 lx –measured at a height of no more than twocentimetres

Lighting uniformity

In addition, the ratio of highest to lowest illuminance along the central axis must notexceed 40:1 – not even in the worst-casescenario between two luminaires at the end

of the nominal operating time This is cause excessively bright/dark patches makeobstacles and the escape route aheadharder to make out

be-The time lag between the moment the eral artificial lighting fails at the start of apower outage and the moment the requiredilluminance is reached should be as short aspossible The nominal operating time ofsafety lighting for work premises needs to be

gen-guaranteed for at least an hour The table onpage 35 shows the times required on otherpremises

To ensure that safety colours can be clearlyidentified, the colour rendering index Ramust

physio-In the case of horizontal escape routes, nous intensity must not exceed certain limits

lumi-at any azimuth angles between 60° and 90°

to the vertical For all other escape routesand zones, the limits must not be exceeded

at any angle (see illustrations)

Escape route signage is also important Thelighting requirements in the event of a powerfailure are set out in DIN EN 1838 It shouldalso be noted that the escape sign lumi-naires defined in DIN 4844 must be clearlyidentifiable even under general lighting con-ditions and therefore need to be operated at

a higher luminance level For emergency operation, the luminance at any point on thegreen surface should be ⱖ 2 cd/m2; formains operation, the average luminance ofthe entire sign should be ⱖ 200 cd/m2(seealso “Safety signs: quality is crucial” onpage 14)

licht.wissen 10 Emergency lighting, safety lighting

Escape route safety lighting

If escape route safety lighting is to fulfil its purpose, it needs to ensure adequate conditions for visual orientation

on escape routes and in adjoining areas of the building At the same time, alarms and fire-fighting equipment need

to be easy to locate and use

[11+12] Escape route marking is also tant.

impor-[13] The ratio of the highest to lowest nance along the central axis must not exceed 40:1 This avoids excessive light/dark contrasts that interfere with the visual task

illumi-[14] In the case of horizontal escape routes, luminous intensity must not exceed certain limits

at any angles between 60° and 90° to the cal

verti-[15] For all other escape routes and zones, the limits must not be exceeded at any angle

60°

60°

13

Where escape route safety lighting is

re-quired, the old workplace regulation ASR 7/4

still applies “Safety and health signs” are

covered by the technical regulation ASR

A1.3, “Escape routes, emergency exits,

es-cape and rescue plan” are described in ASR

A2.3

According to the old ASR 7/4, escape route

safety lighting may be required in

> work and storage rooms with a floor area

of 2,000 m2or more;

> work and break rooms where the floor is

22 metres above ground level;

> particularly hazardous laboratories with a

floor area of 600 m2or more Where the area

is between 30 and 600 m2, it is enough to

mount escape sign luminaires at the exits

visible from each workplace;

> work rooms with explosive and toxic

at-mospheres and a floor area of 100 m2or

more In rooms of 30 to 100 m2, it is enough

to mount escape sign luminaires at the exits

visible from each workplace;

> work rooms without daylight with an area

of 100 m2or more In rooms of 30 to 100 m2,

it is enough to mount escape sign luminaires

at the exits visible from each workplace;

> and on the relevant escape routes

licht.wissen 10 Emergency lighting, safety lighting

[16] This ground plan shows a typical escape

and rescue plan according to ASR A1.3

Escape route safety lighting (DIN EN 1838)

Emin= minimum horizontal illuminance at floor level

Nominal operating time

100 % of required illuminance within 60 seconds

16

Escape and rescue plan

Fire extinguisherFire hoseFire alarm, manualFire alarm phoneFire-fighting media andequipment

Direction indicatorEscape route/emergency exit

Emergency phoneEmergency showerEye wash station Doctor

StretcherAssembly pointAssembly point

The purpose of anti-panic lighting is to

re-duce the likelihood of panic and create the

visual conditions needed to enable people to

reach escape routes safely It needs to be

installed where escape routes are not clearly

defined – in large halls, for example – or

where the entire hall space could be used as

an escape route Anti-panic lighting should

be directed straight downwards and

illumi-nate obstacles up to two metres above the

> colour rendering index Raof lamps at least

40 to ensure clear identification of safety

colours

> nominal operating time for escape routes

at least one hour

> 50 % of required illuminance within five

seconds, 100 % within 60 seconds

> glare limitation: see table

[17] Anti-panic lighting helps prevent an break of panic in the event of a power failure.

out-Anti-panic lighting

Anti-panic lighting is one of three safety lighting sub-groups (see page 4)

Anti-panic lighting (DIN EN 1838)

Illuminance E (horizontal at floor level) ⱖ 0,5 lx Perimeter areas 0.5 m wide

are not taken into account

Nominal operating time

100 % of required illuminance within 60 seconds

Maintained safety lighting

For compliance with DIN EN 1838, the minance provided for such workplacesneeds to be 10 % of the general lighting but

illu-no less than 15 lx The required illuminancemust be reached within 0.5 seconds This ispossible only with safety lighting in main-tained operation Lighting uniformity at par-ticularly hazardous workplaces should belower than 10:1 With regard to nominal operating time, care must be taken to en-sure that it is at least as long as the hazardperiod

licht.wissen 10 Emergency lighting, safety lighting

Particularly hazardous workplaces

Safety lighting for particularly hazardous workplaces is one of three safety lighting sub-groups (see page 4).

Whether and to what extent a workplace is particularly hazardous is established by making a hazard assessment.

Particularly hazardous workplaces (DIN EN 1838)

Illuminance Emin= 10 % of the maintained illuminance required for the task

Safety colours need to be clearly recognised

Nominal operating time

Employers in Germany are required to

as-sess working conditions under the

Occupa-tional Protection Act; the details are dealt

with in paragraphs 5 and 9

Workplaces may be particularly hazardous,

for example,

> in areas where insufficiently secured hot

baths, melting or dip tanks, pits or similar

hazards are situated,

> in areas where hot masses are

trans-ported by illuminated lifting gear or

non-illuminated industrial trucks,

> at places where explosive, highly toxic,

highly caustic or severely irritating

sub-stances or open radioactive subsub-stances are

handled, unless the power supply is

con-nected so that if the power for the general

lighting fails, the power is also cut off for the

equipment operated at these workplaces,

> at workplaces with fast running machines

and unguarded large moving masses that

could stay in motion after a power failure,

e.g rollers, papermaking machines,

cen-trifuges, rotary presses, open-end textile

machines or wire making machines

Workplaces where failure of the general

light-ing system presents particular hazards for

other persons include

> switchboard galleries or control panels for

blast or electric furnaces, converters,

sinter-ing plants, rollsinter-ing trains, continuous furnaces

and pickling lines, power stations, chemical

plants;

> generator control stations with a

signifi-cant safety function, e.g control stations in

electrical operating areas, rooms for cooling

water pumps, hydraulic equipment,

com-pressors, blast engines;

> workplaces at isolating or regulating

equipment which needs to be operated

dur-ing normal plant operations or when plant

operations are disrupted in order to interrupt

or terminate production processes safely

and thus avoid hazards

[18 +19] Standby lighting prevents production downtime in the event of the general artificial lighting system failing due to a power outage

Standby lighting systems are installed e.g

for operational reasons, to avoid productiondowntime due to a failure of the general arti-ficial lighting

If a standby lighting system is to perform thetasks of emergency lighting, it needs to meetall the requirements of DIN EN 1838 Essen-tial activities can then continue However, ifthe lighting level is lower than the minimumilluminance of the general lighting, thestandby lighting may be used only to powerdown or terminate a work process

Standby lighting

Standby lighting is the second type of emergency lighting alongside safety lighting (see page 4)

19

General requirements

Various regulations allow the use of both the

old and the new pictogram (see table): ASR

A1.3, health and safety regulation BGV A8

and DIN 4844 require these safety signs for

marking escape routes

licht.de advises against mixing the two

different signs, at least within the same part

of a building From a safety viewpoint, only

the escape sign cited in DIN 4844 and ASR

A1.3 should be installed in new systems

because the direction arrow integrated into

the pictogram is presented more clearly

Lighting requirements

DIN EN 1838 and DIN 4844-1 present

different requirements for illuminated and

back-lit safety signs in terms of the lighting

parameters to be met for the different

oper-ating conditions For escape sign luminaires

in emergency operation, DIN EN 1838

requires a much lower brightness than DIN

4844-1 for the sign as a whole DIN 4844-1

deals with normal operation, taking into

account that when the general lighting is on,

the escape sign needs to stand out against

brightly lit surroundings and thus needs

to be brighter than in emergency operation

The table on the right summarises the

requirements of the two standards

In the international standard CIE S 020/ ISO

30061 “Emergency Lighting”, the lighting

requirements for escape sign luminaires in

emergency and normal operation are

com-bined in a single document

licht.wissen 10 Notbeleuchtung, Sicherheitsbeleuchtung

Safety signs: quality is crucial

Safety signs for escape routes can be either illuminated safety signs, i.e with an external light source, or back-lit

safety signs (escape sign luminaires) with an internal light source

Comparison of lighting requirements

and dark

k = ––––– = 5:1 to 15:1

Average luminance of white

Luminance of green

Calculated average luminance of

Graphic symbol

Height of signs

Because a back-lit sign is easier to nise from a greater distance than a sign that

recog-is only illuminated, DIN EN 1838 and DIN

4844 stipulate that different distance factorsneed to be applied to establish the relevantrecognition distance

Since illuminated signs have a shorter nition distance, the pictogram needs to betwice as high as that of a back-lit sign to beequally recognisable at the same distance.Where smoke is present, back-lit signs arerecognisable for much longer and from agreater distance

Symbols in the formula for calculating sign height

d = recognition distance

p = height of pictogram

s = distance factor 200 for back-lit signs

s = height of pictogram s = distance factor 100 for illuminated signs

[21] Safety/escape signs clearly indicate the direction to take – provided the pictogram is correctly dimensioned for the required recogni- tion distance

20

21

Safety lighting required

“Photoluminescent safety guidance systems do not meet the requirements in terms of colour rendering orilluminance They can only be used in conjunction with

a standard-compliant safety lighting system, e.g as floor markings, or as a supplementary safety measure

in areas where safety lighting is not required.”

Runner 68 in Opfermann, Streit, Pernack commentary

on the 2004 Workplace Ordinance (ArbStättV)

Colour

Escape sign luminaires are easily and rectly identified The green safety colour isclearly recognisable even in emergency operation Standard signs with long after-glow photoluminescent pigments, however,appear dark after a power failure: the greensafety colour is no longer recognisable as acolour The white contrast colour generallyhas a yellowish green appearance

cor-Effectiveness

Emergency powered luminaires operate regardless of the operational status of thegeneral lighting Photoluminescent materials,

on the other hand, need to be sufficientlyand continuously charged ahead of an emer-gency Light sources with a predominantlyred spectral content (e.g incandescentlamps) and high-pressure sodium vapourlamps are not suitable sources for charging

Luminance

The luminance of a luminaire remains stant from the beginning to the end of thenominal operating time, which is generallyone or three hours The impression of bright-ness generated by a photoluminescent sign,however, diminishes within minutes After

con-60 minutes of operation, the luminance of anescape sign luminaire is significantly greaterthan that of a photoluminescent sign

Recognition distance

As luminance decreases, so does visualacuity and identifiability A 20 centimetre highescape sign luminaire is clearly identifiablefrom a distance of 40 metres; an illuminatedescape sign of the same height achieves thesame degree of identifiability up to a dis-tance of 20 metres

By contrast, the afterglow of a similarly sizedphotoluminescent signs weakens so much in

10 minutes that the recognition distance isonly around five metres; after an hour, thecontent of the sign can be recognised onlyfrom right in front of the sign With an es-cape sign luminaire, the recognition distanceremains constant throughout

licht.wissen 10 Emergency lighting, safety lighting

Escape sign luminaires for safety

In terms of performance, escape sign luminaires are always a better option than standard photoluminescent signs There are several reasons for this

[22] Escape sign luminaire in maintained ation – luminance of the white contrast colour:

photolumines-[27] … 10 minutes after power failure; nance falls to a level well below that required for compliance with DIN EN 1838

lumi-[28] … 30 minutes after power failure

[29] … 60 minutes after power failure

The requirements that safety luminaires need

to meet in terms of design and operationalreliability are set out in the following stan-dards:

DIN EN 60598-1 Luminaires – General

requirements and tests,

DIN EN 60598-2-22 Particular requirements

– Luminaires for emergency lighting,

DIN EN 62034 Automatic test systems for

battery powered emergency escape lighting

Manufacturers are required to display the

CE symbol on luminaires In doing so, theystate on their own responsibility that all therelevant European directives have been ob-served The ENEC symbol, which is acquired

on application, is the European safety testsymbol for luminaires Documenting that theproduct conforms to the relevant standards,

it is awarded by independent test and cation institutes in Europe In Germany, this

certifi-is the VDE (identification no 10)

Quality luminaires

As well as qualifying for a safety test symbol,

a quality luminaire for safety lighting needs tomeet the following criteria:

> reliable performance in an emergency,

> light distribution tailored to ensure optimalillumination of the escape sign or escaperoute,

> low energy-efficient consumption duringmains and emergency operation,

> easy mounting and maintenance with correspondingly low costs,

> suitability for recycling at end of servicelife

Safety luminaires need to be installed for cape route illumination or for anti-panic light-ing in addition to route-marking escape signluminaires This lighting can be realised by

es-1 dedicated safety luminaires with beamspreads tailored for the task or

2 luminaires which are normally used forgeneral lighting – e.g specular louver lumi-naires – and which act as safety luminaires inthe event of a power failure

Dedicated safety luminaires – Variant A

(Fig 30) – meet all quality criteria:

> The light is distributed in a wide-angledbeam

> The required uniformity is achieved withluminaires at widely spaced mounting points

> The lamps used – e.g ⭋ 16 mm 8 W ear fluorescent lamps – have a low powerconsumption rating

lin-Because installing separate safety luminairesmeans additional installation costs, someoperators favour dual-purpose luminairesthat provide both general and safety lighting

– Variant B (Fig 31) The disadvantage is

that these luminaires are not designedspecifically for safety lighting, so they do notoffer an optimal beam spread for emergencyoperation Consequently, more luminairesthan necessary need to be incorporated intothe safety lighting to achieve the lighting uni-formity required along escape routes Energyconsumption – and therefore the emergencypower capacity required – is also manytimes higher than with Variant A Where

⭋ 16 mm 8 W linear fluorescent lamps mightsuffice for Variant A, for example, ⭋ 26 mm

58 W models are required for Variant B Another possible option – one which avoidsthe disadvantages of Variant B while still al-lowing the safety lighting to be integrated

neatly into the architecture – is Variant C

(Fig 32) Here, small dedicated emergencyluminaire modules are built into general light-ing luminaires

licht.wissen 10 Notbeleuchtung, Sicherheitsbeleuchtung

Luminaires for safety lighting systems

The light provided by luminaires for safety lighting systems helps ensure that potentially hazardous work

operations can be terminated safely and/or the rooms in question evacuated without risk in the event of a

general power failure

Safety lighting with

[30] dedicated safety luminaires

[31] general lighting luminaires used as safety luminaires

[32] integrated emergency luminaire modules – built into general lighting luminaires by the luminaire manufacturer (“dual luminaire”)

With this option, it is important to make sure

that the “dual” luminaires are made by an

established manufacturer Retrofitting, e.g

by an electrician, always amounts to a

struc-tural modification of the original luminaire

and thus invalidates the CE symbol and

ENEC test symbol of the luminaire

Retrofitting or altering general lighting

lumi-naires for service as safety lumilumi-naires (Variant

2) also counts as a modification that can

in-validate a product licence This can includeintegrating

> emergency EBs to reduce luminous fluxand energy consumption in emergency operation,

> changeover modules for switching tween mains and emergency power supply,

be-> individual battery packs as an emergencypower source for the luminaire in the event

For the alternative energy source to powersafety lighting, a distinction is made betweenthree modes of connection:

> Non-maintained operation

The safety luminaires are activated only inthe event of a power failure This mode ofconnection may be used for escape routelighting in all types of building

> Maintained operation

The safety luminaires are permanently vated Maintained operation is the option al-lowed for escape sign luminaires

acti-> Switched maintained operation

The safety luminaires are activated and activated together with the general lightingluminaires

de-The switch-over from normal operation tothe power source for safety lighting mustoccur if the line voltage exceeds the nominalrated voltage by 15 % for more than 0.5seconds When mains power returns, thesafety lighting must stay on for at least an-other minute, except in assembly rooms thatare darkened for operational purposes and

in facilities in which the light sources used forgeneral lighting – e.g high-pressure dis-charge lamps – have relatively long startingtimes

Alternative power sources

Battery-operated central power supply tems need to comply with DIN EN 50171,single battery luminaires with DIN EN 60598-2-22 Generating sets (diesel) need to meetthe requirements of ISO 8528-12, while DINVDE 0100-560 applies to specially securednetworks

sys-licht.wissen 10 Emergency lighting, safety lighting

Safety lighting operation

If mains power fails, an alternative energy source needs to be provided to power the safety lighting Battery

systems, generating sets or a specially secured network (E DIN VDE 0108-100, see page 35) are suitable options

Central power supply system with no restriction onoutput power (CPS))

Central power supply system with a limitation onoutput power (LPS)

Individual battery

Battery power supply

Any battery voltage, preferably 216 Vlead: 2.0 V / cell

NiCd: 1.2 V / celllife: min 10 years Any battery voltage, preferably 24 or 48 Vlead: 2.0 V / cell

life: min 5 yearsmax 1,500 W for 1 hourmax 500 W for 3 hoursNiCd: 1,2 V / cellBlei: 2,0 V / celllife: 4 years