Travel to Santiago doc

The centre of Santiago around the historical Palacio de la Moneda was extended to a modern large city with help from an ambitious city plan, which was started in the 1930’es.. Plaza de A

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Translation: Maria Lundberg

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ISBN 978-87-7061-264-7

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A visit to Santiago

www.ciudad.cl

www.sernatur.cl

The Chilean capital, Santiago, is a meeting place

between cultures and nature Here you find both

new and old things, which have been influenced by

both the Spanish and the Indian culture, and the

architecture has a wonderful southern charm

Despite the size of the city, you are never far from

nature in Santiago In the city itself, you find large

parks and several ridges from where you have

beautiful views over Santiago and its surroundings

Between some of the hills, you can even take funiculars

As a great scene, the tall and omnipresent Andes in

Chile make up the eastern horizon The snow is clearly

visible on top of the mountains, and it gives a special

contrast in the pleasant Chilean summer heat, which

you can enjoy in for example one of the many nice

restaurants in the city

As the Andes constitute the east, the Pacific Ocean makes up the west, and when visiting Santiago, you should take time to visit the old and very evocative port, Valparaíso, where the

unsteady lifts bring people up and down the mountain slopes of the city Close to this, the fashionable beach town, Viña del Mar, is situated With its exclusiveness, it adds another dimension

to the diversity of the surroundings of Santiago Have a nice trip!

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Historical outline

The Santiago area was inhabited by the local Indian

tribes for several thousands of years before the first

Europeans arrived

Santiago was founded in 1541 by Pedro de Valdivia

at the Santa Lucia Hill close to the present centre

of the city The city’s full name was Santiago de

Nueva Extremadura, and it was the farthest

outpost in the Spanish colonial empire

The city grew slowly, and the Indian tribe,

Picunche, helped the Spanish colonialists erecting

buildings in the area south of the Mapocho River,

which was drained and laid out as Alameda

Alameda was later renamed Avenida Libertador

Bernardo O’Higgins At the end of the 17th

century, about 200 houses constituted Santiago,

which had 700 Spanish citizens as well as quite a

few Indian workers

However, a peaceful coexistence with all Indians

was not permanent for the Spanish settlers, who

primarily came from Andalusia The conflicts with

the local tribes lasted until sometime in the 19th

century

During the Spanish rule, the central and northern

parts of Chile were controlled from Peru, but as the

total population of the long country increased, the

opposition against the colonial power also

increased In 1810 Chile was declared an

independent nation, but after a time with several

clashes and changing political systems, Chile

became once again Spanish in 1814 However, the

struggle to obtain independence continued, and the

entire Argentine and Chilean troops led by

Bernando O’Higgens and José de San Martin went

on horseback over the Andes from Argentina

They arrived and defeated the Spanish military

forces, so that the country was once again

independent in 1818 The same year Santiago was

made the capital of Chile, and Bernardo O’Higgins became the first president of the country

During Chile’s fight for independence in the period between 1810 and 1818, the city was only moderately damaged, among other things in connection with the Battle of Maipú south-west of the city

Through the 19th century, the growth in the population of Santiago began When the country became independent less than 30 000 people lived here, and only a few decades later, there were more than 100 000 inhabitants Some large and beautiful buildings from the Spanish period were placed here, among others the Palacaio de la Moneda as well as a number of churches and monasteries, and more buildings and parks were now established The Quinta Normal Park was laid out as a recreational area, and 15 years later, the Teatro Municipal was built as the new cultural centre of the city At this time, bridges across the Mapocho River were constructed, which

permitted a large city development in new areas close to the historical centre Santiago was also connected to the Pacific Ocean via the railway line

to Valparaíso

From 1879 to 1883, Chile made war on Bolivia and Peru concerning territorial rights for the northern part of the present Chile, which is rich in raw materials The Chilean troops conquered, and the formal integration of the areas created an increased prosperity in Chile This made it possible to invest in buildings appropriate for a capital, and for the centenary of the country’s independence, the Art Museum and the National Library were built

The centre of Santiago around the historical Palacio de la Moneda was extended to a modern large city with help from an ambitious city plan, which was started in the 1930’es At this time, the area became more densely built-up with taller buildings, and a good deal of new institutions was

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established within the cultural and financial world

At the same time, the population of the city really

began to increase because of an increase in the

immigration from the northern and southern parts

of Chile

Through the 20th century, there was democracy in

Chile for long periods of time In 1973 there was a

military assumption of power led by Augusto

Pinochet In connection to the change of system,

there were frenzied battles around the Government

Palace, Palacio de la Moneda, which was subject to

an air bombardment It was also in this building and

on this occasion that the Marxist president Salvador

Allende, who was elected in 1970, shot himself

In the 1970’es and the 1980’es there was economic growth in Chile, and in Santiago many large buildings and constructions were built, which gave the city a new boost At the same time, a number

of challenges (for example traffic) occurred in the city, which had nearly five million inhabitants

As a visitor today, you can see a modern city where the many projects, which have been made

in the last decades, are clearly visible A modern metro with several lines has been established, and modern districts, high-rise blocks, hotels, and shopping centres have been built in various places

in consideration of the city’s historical buildings and districts from previous centuries

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Tour 1: Santiago

1 Plaza de Armas

Plaza de Armas

Metro: Plaza de Armas

Since the Spanish period of Santiago, the square

Plaza de Armas has been the centre of the city, and

here you can see the highlights of the Spanish

buildings in the city

There is always a good atmosphere on the square,

where the street life flourishes among artists, chess

players, and different cultural activities, which take

place here Therefore, if you have the time, it is an

attraction in itself just sitting on a bench and

enjoying life

2 Cathedral of Santiago/Catedral Metropolitana

Plaza de Armas Metro: Plaza de Armas

The impressive Cathedral of Santiago, Catedral Metropolitana, is the fifth cathedral built in this place The first one was burnt by locale Indians shortly after it was built, and the other three were destroyed in earthquakes

The cathedral was built in 1745 by the Italian Architect Joaquín Toesca, and the style is Baroque with classic features The towers were built at the end of the 19th century The interior is worth seeing among other things because of its beautiful altar

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2a Museum of Religious Art/Museo de Arte

Sagrado

At this museum, which is situated in connection to

the cathedral, you can see historical religious art,

such as the silver works, paintings and sculptures of

the Jesuits

3 Historical Museum/Museo Hístórico

Nacional

Plaza de Armas www.dibam.cl/museo_historiconacional.htm Metro: Plaza de Armas

In the beautiful palace, Palacio de la Real Audiencia, from 1807, you find the Historical Museum of Chile Originally, the palace was built for the public administration of the city

The collection of the museum describes the different epochs of the country’s history; the culture of the Aboriginal population of Chile, the Colonial Period under Spain, the country’s independence process and the modern Chilean society

4 Central Post Office/Correo Central

Plaza de Armas Metro: Plaza de Armas

One of the most elegant buildings on the square, Plaza de Armas, is the palace from the 19th century, which was converted into the central post office only few years after it was built The palace

is still a post office, and here you can also find a small postal museum, Museo Postal

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5 City Museum/Museo de Santiago Casa Colorada

Merced 860 www.munistgo.cl/colorada/p1.htm Metro: Plaza de Armas

The Casa Colorada is the best preserved building from the country’s Colonial Period The building was built between 1769 and 1779 as a residence for the first president of the country, Mateo de Toro y Zambrano

Today the Casa Colorada houses the Santiago City Museum The museum mainly describes the development of the city until the 19th century

6 Merced Basilica/Basilica de la Merced

Calle Merced/Calle Mac-Iver Metro: Plaza de Armas

The Merced Basilica was built in 1735, and it is a fine building in new Renaissance style Inside you can see the gallery, which is in German Baroque style

The church’s art collection makes a visit here extra special Among other things, you find a collection from the Easter Island, which contains several Moai wood statutes Among the other art objects, you find a number of figures of Christ

7 Archaeological Museum/Museo Arqueológico

José Victorino Lastarria 307 www.mavi.cl/arqueologico Metro: Universidad Católica

At the Santiago Archaeological Museum, you can see a large collection of effects, which describe the history of the country There are findings from areas all over the country, and they give a fine impression of the former times of the lengthy country

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8 Forestal Park/Parque Forestal

Along Ismael Valdés Vergara

Metro: Bellas Artes/Puente Cal y Canto

Along the southern side of the Mapocho River

between the Plaza Italia and the Mapocho Station,

the green space, the Forestal Park, is situated

Several museums are situated here, and you can see

various sculptures or just enjoy the walk along the

Metro: Bellas Artes

The National Art Museum of Chile, Museo

Nacionale de Bella Artes, was founded and built in

1910 on occasion of the centenary of the country’s

independence

Among other things, the museum contains a collection of sculptures and a number of works by Chilean artists, e.g Mulato Gil and Roberto Matta

10 San Cristóbal Hill/Cerro San Cristóbal

Cerro San Cristóbal Metro: Baquedano, funiculare til toppen fra enden af Pio Nono

The San Cristóbal Hill is the highest point of the city, and it is 860 metres high Of course, there is a good view from here at the Terraza Bellavista, where you at the top can see the 22 metres tall statue of the Virgin Mary Pope John Paul II celebrated Mass here in 1987

The area at the foot, at the beginning of the funicular, has a very nice atmosphere with a number of good restaurants and shops From the top, you can take an amazing trip with the funicular, a teleférico, from hill to hill, through the air and the tree crowns high above Santiago

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Tour 2: Santiago

11 Santa Lucía Hill/Cerro Santa Lucía

Cerro Santa Lucía

Metro: Santa Lucía

The hill Cerro Santa Lucía is historical to Santiago

because Pedro de Valdivia is thought to have

founded the city at exactly this place in 1541 From

the top, there is a very fine view over the city

12 National Library/Biblioteca

Nacional

Avenida Libertador Bernardo O´Higgens 651

www.dibam.cl/biblioteca_nacional

Metro: Santa Lucia

The National Library of Chile, Biblioteca Nacional,

is established in the impressive building in French

new classic style from 1924 At the library, you can

see a fine collection of books, maps and documents,

which date back to approximately 1500

Architectonically, the José Medina Room is among

the most interesting rooms

13 San Francisco Church and Convent /Iglesia y Convento San Francisco

Calle Londres 4/Alameda www.museosanfrancisco.cl Metro: Santa Lucia

The San Francisco Church is the oldest building in Santiago, built in 1628 The Virgin Figure at the altar was brought to Chile by Pedro de Valdavia

The Museum of Art from the Colonial Period, which has been established in the convent buildings at the place, is also interesting You also find a small garden, which is a nice green area in the middle of the large city

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14 City Theatre/Teatro Municipal Agustinas 794

Metro: Santa Lucia

Santiago’s theatre building from 1857 is the leading theatre in the country for ballet, opera and different kinds of concerts The building is built in French new classic style

The square in front of the theatre is beautifully laid out, and opposite you can see the palace, Palacio Subercaseaux, from 1903

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15 Avenida Libertador Bernardo

O’Higgins

Avenida Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins

Metro: The stations between Estación Central

and Santa Lucia

The boulevard Avenida Libertador Bernardo

O´Higgins is the central thoroughfare of Santiago

The traffic is hectic, and you sense a good city

atmosphere when walking down the boulevard,

which has small and cosy parks On the central part,

you can see a copy of a statue from the Easter

Island

16 Dieciocho Street/Calle Dieciocho

Calle Dieciochi Metro: Toesca

A trip down the street Calle Dieciocho is a visit to Santiago's past In the decades around the year

1900, this was where the wealthy families of Santiago built their palaces Today it is not one or

a few individual buildings that are the attraction of the street, but the atmosphere and the general impression of the area

17 Cousiño Palace/Palacio Cousiño

Calle Dieciocho 438 www.palaciocousino.cl Metro: Toesca

Formerly, the Cousiño Palace was the residence of one of Chile’s most successful, wealthy and enterprising dynasties, the Goyenechea-Cousiño family Among other things, the family had interests in wine production, coal and copper mining, horse breeding and construction of railways

The extravagant palace was finished in 1878, and right from the start it impressed the inhabitants of the city Only the best materials were used, and there were outstanding parquet flooring, Bohemian crystal chandeliers, hand-painted Italian ceramics and faiences, as well as a lot of other effects, which had primarily been imported by boat from Europe

The Palacio Cousiño has been made into a museum, and besides the beautiful palace you also get a good impression of fine Europan art wares from the 19th century

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Tour 3: Santiago

18 Stock Exchange/

Bolsa de Comercio

Calle la Bolsa 64

Metro: Universidad de Chile

The Santiago Stock Exchange, Bolsa de Comercio,

was built in 1917 In the architectonically exciting

building, you can experience the spirited

atmosphere during the hectic trades, which are

normal at stock exchanges all over the world

19 Mint of Santiago/

Palacio de la Moneda

Plaza de la Constitución Metro: Moneda

Palacio de la Moneda was built in 1799 as one of the last buildings during the country’s Spanish period Originally, it was the mint of the country, and today it is the seat of the Chilean government and is therefore also called Palacio de Gobierno, which means the Government Palace

It was in the Palacio Moneda that president Salvador Allende shot himself in 1973 in connection with Augusto Pinochet assuming control of the country In front of the Palacio de

la Moneda, you can see the soldiers’ changing of the guard

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20 Museum of Pre-Columbian Art/

Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino

Calle Bandera 361

www.precolombino.cl

The Santiago Museum of Pre-Columbian Art

belongs to the finest of its kind in the world It has

been established in the old customs house from the

colonial time, Palacio de la Real Aduana, which is a

sight in itself

The exhibition of the museum describes the period

of time before the Spanish colonisation, and you

find many effects in wood, ceramics, metals as well

as textiles A visit here gives you a good impression

of the large cultures of the continent such as the

Mayas and the Aztecs

21 Court Building/Palacio de los Tribunales

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Calle Bandera 362-385

The Palacio de los Tribunales is the most important

courts in Chile, and here you find among others the

Supreme Court and the Military Court of the

country The building was also scene for the

establishment of the first National Assembly of the

country

You do not rediscover the strict exterior French

new classic style on the interior However, you do

find a number of beautiful rooms and corridors

22 Former Congress Building/

Ex Congreso Nacional

Calle Catedral 1158

The Former Congress Building of Chile is an

impressive building, which is built in French new

classic style with Corinthian columns in 1901 The

Congress held its meetings here until 1972, but

because the country’s Congress now has its seat in

Valparaíso, the building is not used for its original

purpose Today the Chilean Ministry of Foreign

Affairs is placed here

In the garden of the Former Congress Building,

you can see a statue of the Virgin Mary It was put

up in memory of the approximately 2 000 people,

who died here in connection with the fire in the

former Compañia de Jesus Church

23 Central Market Place/

From the many well-filled stalls with fruits, vegetables, sea food and lots more, you get an impression of Chile’s status as large exporter of foods

The market building is a construction that was produced in England and then sailed to Chile for the final building

24 Mapocho Station/

Estación Mapocho

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Plaza de la Cultura

www.estacionmapocho.cl

Metro: Puente Cal y Canto

The old Mapocho Station of Santiago was built in

1912 as the point of departure for the railway to

Valparaiso In 1976 the station closed for its

original railway operations, and was deserted for

the following 15 years

It has now been converted into a cultural centre, where artistic and cultural activities, exhibitions, concerts etc are arranged on a regular basis For those interested in architecture, the roof

construction is especially admirable

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Day Tours from

Santiago

25 Valparaíso

120 km NW www.municipalidaddeValparaíso.cl With bus from Terminal Alameda in Santiago

Valparaíso is one of the most important ports of Chile, and one of the most charming cities altogether The city was founded as Spanish port

in 1536

The beautiful position of Valparaíso at the coast of the Pacific Ocean has also lead to important tourism, and furthermore, the city has been the domicile for the National Congress of Chile since 1973

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25a Historical Centre

To the east lie the large squares Plaza de la Victoria

and Plaza Simon Bolivar Besides the lovely

atmosphere and the beautiful parks, you can see the

Cathedral of Valparaíso, Iglesia Catedral If you

walk west of the wide boulevard, Avenida Brasil,

you get to the monument of the Briton Lord

Thomas Cochrane, who was the leader of the

Chilean Navy from 1817 to 1822 Further to the

north-west, the city’s beautiful centre from the 19th

century, Plaza Sotomayor, is situated In the

surrounding streets, you find many of the historical

buildings of the city From here, you can walk up

the hill, Cerro Concepción, where several historical

churches are situated On the way up there, you

pass Plaza Justicia, where the court building of the

city, Palacio de Justicia, is situated

To the north, the old part of the city ends with

Plaza Wheelwright, where you can see the beautiful

Customs House of the city, Edificio de la Aduana,

which was built in 1854

25b Lifts of Valparaíso/Ascencores

The historical part of Valparaíso by the sea is surrounded by ridges During the growth of the city, the unique and charming lifts were put up all over the city and are like no other lifts in the world The lifts are funiculars, but the old rustic cars running on steel constructions make them special One of the most recommendable trips with the lifts is the trip with the Ascensor Artillería, which was built in 1893 and runs from Plaza

Wheelwright to Paseo 21 de Mayo At the top, you find the most famous view of the city and the well-known Café Mirador Here you can also visit the Maritime Museum, Museo Naval y Maritimo The Ascensor Concepción, which runs to Cerro Concepción, is the oldest of the lifts of Valparaíso

It was opened in 1883, where it ran on water The Ascensor Cordillera, which departs from a small alley in Calle Serrano, goes to Plaza E

Ramirez Here you can get a fine impression of the construction of the lift and you can also visit a museum, Museo Lord Cochrane The course of the lift is very steep, and it opened in 1887

From Paseo Yugoslavo you can take the Ascensor

El Peral from 1902 to Cerro Alegre Here lies the beautifully renovated palace, Palacio Baburizza, which is now used as an art museum

26 Viña del Mar

110 km NW www.vinadelmar.cl www.casino.cl/casino With bus from Terminal Alameda in Santiago

Tiêu đề	A Visit to Santiago
Tác giả	Stig Albeck, Ventus Publishing ApS
Trường học	University of Chile
Chuyên ngành	Tourism and Cultural Studies
Thể loại	essay
Năm xuất bản	2008
Thành phố	Santiago

Định dạng
Số trang	44
Dung lượng	4,54 MB