Language to go int students book 2

Funr: ti*n: sHffi nfi ff infr fi #*rlvfr r's#tifi n 2 Write the words in the correct order.. 3 Complete the text with the correct form of the verb in brackets.. 2 Write the words in the

Complete the puzzle by following the clues.

That film is absolutely au4vtL - don't go to see it (5)

I n e e d to g o t o b e d l' m a b s o l u t e l y - ! ( 9 )There were no free seats on the bus lt was very

8

After the journey the boys were really - (5)Your party was absolutely - Thank youl (9)

2 A " r e y o u h f f o r n i i i g p e r s o n ?L/*r ff h ili er rV: *qi* cr i]

1 Correct the mistakes in the following sentences

7 Kurt can't keeo hls eves awake

8 Stella likes to stays up late to watch films

#r*nti**r: $ilfuj**t ff*rl #bj#*t ilLi*si!**;c

2 Write the words in the correct order to makequestions Add do I does / did it necessary

Example: in / the I whar I ltaly? / you /

s a y / m o r n i n g / i nWhat do Vow sav Lwthe wuovwLwg

1 l t a l i a n s / l a n g u a g e / s p e a k ? i w h a t

2 r h e I b u i l t / c o l o s s e u m ? / w h o

3 from? / where / pasta / come

4 Vatiean? / lives / the / in / who

5 where lplay? lRoma football team

6 ltalians / breakfast? I whar I drink / for

3 Match the questions in Exercise 2 with the answersbelow

a) Coffee b) Br-icn ,Ji*i'nc c) ltalian d) ltaly

e ) I n R o m e f ) T h e P o p e g ) T h e R o m a n s

fi r;l i"n #l * r : r-a # $ | $ r r"ri ir i f; fr ft # t s r"it: fi il * u s

2 Underline the correct form of the verbs

Example: Ne took / was taking a shower when I phoned

/ was phoning him

1 \Ne stopped / were stopping at a caf6 when we drove

/ were driving home

I laughed / was laughing at the photos so much, Idropped / was dropping my drink

My boyfriend arrived / was arriving just as I served/ was serving dinner

Someone took / was taking my wallet while I got / wasgetting onto the train

5 | danced /was dancing when my shoe broke /was

breaking

3 Complete the text Use the correct form of the verbs

in brackets

Sharon likes playing jokes on people One day_, she wern"t

(go) shopping with her boyfriend Dave They '

a) after the American city b) 1'p1.; c) chocolate

d ) t h i n k o f c h o c o l a t e e ) s t r o n g i m a g e

f) American associations g) me of New York

h ) l i k e A m e r i c a n c i t l e s

Example: I love your dress - it reallv suits r,4orz

1 The word Mars always makes me

Grsi*:rn*r: fut*rc lE:ith *si# iiri* j?#iffSr f#

2 Correct the mistakes in the following sentences

B: Yes She will call /'s going to callhim Tom

Will you see / Are you going fo see that band?

B: Well I think l'm going to have / I'll havefish

4 A: lt's agreed, We'll get / We're going to get married

B: Oh, good idea I'm going to come / I'll comeloo

6 A: Are you going to go / Will you go out tonight?

B: No, / won't / I'm not - I'm too busv

the texts.

a) reysivitun b) koto c) deapss d) t+ge) maxes f) og g) gerede h) tefl i) draseg

il r;: r:im* r: f; ili$t fi* ifi iiv*s * ii* srl ** :i *rii'* s

2 Look at the pictures Write sentences using theprompts below

E x a m p l e : B e n - A n n a - g o o d g r a d e s :Bew got be*,er grades thaw Awwa

my three years, I really want to get my

5 e n t h * * t h e r h n n d

1'f** * i:ula r',y: t;*v'*is r:i di'rfil:*iT

1 Underline the correct word

Example: The first time you drive a car it feels very simple

/ complicated

1 | l i v e d i n K o r e a f o r n i n e t e e n y e a r s , s o l e a r n i n g K o r e a n

was no trouble / hard

2 With practlce, the Internet really does get more and

more straightforward / impossible

3 | tried to catch the ball with my left hand, but as l'm

right-handed it was quite a piece of cake / tough

4 | c o o k a l o t , s o c o o k i n g f o r e i g h t p e o p l e w a s b a s i c a l l y

no trouble / complicated

5 l f y o u r e v i s e o f t e n , t h e n r e m e m b e r i n g t h e r i g h t p h r a s e

is usually quite complicated / simple

ffi rnnirnar: ffi fl d*i v*rh#r i{ir *turiliy

A ( - n r n r n r r f o c n r r i n n

Ui:*a L:iilnryr r:rir *r:

1 Find eleven words to do with crime The first hasbeen done for you

ffi r nrnrun r : rr #v* nhi; #f ${.r ii:i#.ql}

2 Gombine two sentences to make one sentence Usethe words in brackets

Example: A cup of coffee is good lt will wake you up (for)

A cvtp of ooffie Ls good for wakLwg Aon n?

1 | s t u d y h a r d I w a n t t o l e a r n E n g l i s h f a s t (i n o r d e r to )

S h e d r i v e s c a r e f u l l y S h e d o e s n ' t w a n t t o h a v e a n

a c c i d e n t ( s o as not to)

3 M a r c o c a r r i e s a d i c t i o n a r y H e c a n c h e c k v o c a b u l a r ywhen he's reading (for)

4 T a k e a n u m b r e l l a l t m i g h t ra i n ( i n c a s e )

S h e a l w a v s c a r r i e s h e r p h o n e S h e c a n c a l l h e r fr i e n d s ( s o that)

6 Write it down You might forget it (in case)

7 I w a t c h th e n e w s in E n g l i s h I g e t l i s t e n i n g p r a c t l c e ( t o )

3 Rewrite the sentences so they have the samemeaning {.Jse the words in brackets and make anynecessary changes

E x a m p l e : I n s u m m e r , I w e a r a h a t b e c a u s e I w a n t m y h e a d

to keep cool (to)

Iw suvwvwer, I wear a hat to keq wvg head oooL

1 I n w i n t e r , I w e a r a h a t b e c a u s e I d o n ' t w a n t t o g e t c o l d ( i n order to)

wasn't so forgot photos camera

f o r s o m e t h i n g s A q u i c k t e s t w i l l s h o w i f y o u a r e l e f t - h a n d e d

r i g h t t h u m b 0 n t 0 p , y 0 u ' r e a ' l e f t i e ' S o m e p e o p l e

d o t h i n g s w i t h b o t h h a n d s e q u a l l y w e l l

t h i n g s : L e o n a r d o d a V i n c i , M a r i l y n M o n r o e , 0 p r a h W i n f r e y

a n d B i l l G a t e s t o n a m e b u t a fe w !

3 Write the words in the correct order

E x a m p l e : b o t h a b l e t o h a n d s w i t h S h e ' s t h r o w

She'E abLeto thvow wlth both hawds

1 food I spicy eat can't

2 t s l a n g u a g e s M y a b l e s p e a k f i v e t o d a d

3 the haven't see yet baby managed to We

to

P r a c : , c :

7 Teamwnrk

1."***hui*rv: v***iir

1 Write the letters in the correct order Then write the

phrases in the correct columns

i*pyp ini-a jcb send an meila georisan an event

geI a moontipor use a percumot write a trorpe

w o r k i n a e m a t g o f o r a n t e w i r e v i n e c r e v e i a f a x

ffi rnmnia n": $3i'*sefit pt*rfect siml:im

2 Underline the correct form of the verbs

G r e g : H e l l o , m y n a m e ' s G r e g J o n e s l ' d l i k e to a p p l y f o r

t h e m a n a g e r ' s j o b

L e n : W e l l , I h o p e y o u h a d /vou've had the right

experience t Did you do / Have you done this klnd

a I was / I've been there last Vear

OK But 5 were you / have you been the manager

Greg: No, that',s right, s I didn't / t haven't

Len: Look, l'm sorry Try again when 1a you had / you've

h a d m o r e e x p e r i e n c e T h a n k s f o r c a l l i n g G o o d b y e

G r e g : B y e

3 Correct the mistakes in the sentences Be careful

-not all the sentences are wrong!

Example: Have you g€neto China? X beew

1 Have you ever ated Indian food?

2 He's never worked in an office, did he?

3 l ' v e n e v e r b e e n h e r e b e f o r e

4 Have you ever lyed to your boss?

5 We've bought a new computer yesterday

6 S a r a h ' s s e e n th e n e w t e a m le a d e r H e ' s g o r g e o u s !

7 They've flown on Concorde in '1 999

8 They ran the London marathon last Vear

1 Complete the crossword

Funr: ti*n: sHffi nfi ff infr fi #*rlvfr r's#tifi n

2 Write the words in the correct order

a ) i s C h a r l i e F r a n c e s , th i sFrawoes, thls Ls CharLLeb) me Vou evervone introduce let to

c ) V o u 1 3 0 s e e t h e n a td) and family are your you howe) again see to good you heref) was journey how the

g) dress i your love

h ) fo o d b u t t e r r i b l e t h e w a s

3 Write the phrases from Exercise 2 in the correct pad

of the dialogue

J e r r y : H e l l o 1Frances: lt's very nice to be here ' _?

Y o c r a r a m a f l a c f r r a r r

I must say ' -, Frances

T h a n k y o u Anyway, the meeting starts at 2.00 Let's meet

) : - a c i i c e

S A;jstrslin

lf **,: hr;i+ iv: l;"*v*[ its:r"lr.r

i A T*ke it **syvr: * l+ :: i; ! i: ryr: *::< 5 r+ *s i i*r n * vrr ith *r.t*

1 Underline the correct word

E x a m p l e : I l i k e d o i n g s p o r t s w i t h o t h e r p e o p l e a n d ta k i n geasv / patlt / break in team games

'1 Everyone can take a easy / part / break for five minutesand have a cup of coffee

2 Don't take ln / off / on any more work - you haven't got

t r m e

3 l ' v e g o t a h o s p i t a l a p p o i n t m e n t o n F r i d a y C a n lt a k e t h eday on / up / off?

4 You're very trred Sit down and take it off / easy / break

5 | n e e d t o d o m o r e e x e r c i s e I t h i n k l' l l ta k e o n / i n / u p

p l a y i n g t e n n i s

2 Rewrite the sentences using expressions with take

to replace the underlined words

E x a m p l e : C o m e o n ! R e l a x l J u s t e n j o y y o u r s e l f !Covwe owt Take Lt easrJt Jv-st ewjog govtrseLft

1 You look ill Why don't you have a holiday today?

T h e e x a m fi n i s h e s a t 2 3 O , t h e n v o u c a n h a v e s o m e fr e e

t i m e fo r a n h o u r

3 You can do many outdoor activities on this holiday

Last year, I tried to do more than was possible and I gotvery trred

l ' v e g o t m o r e ti m e n o w s o l ' m g o i n g t o b e g i n a n e whobby

fi :'r; :: riru r r: !J{} rh il * r =iiil *ll* r:* iLr l' ! e ls#s'r r':il ii i*li h t:r

g) gikawln sotbo h) trawe lobtet i) ugied kobo

Example: al raLw cLothes

i] r* r,:* * r : :'i r.t i I *it l".! i[i,;l i"l* t

2 Choose the correct endings (a-h) for the sentences

92 F For more exercises, go to r!,vvl*i.i+i:gl;;ti.:*"i.#-{Ji:}"ili;1i?l

li 1 il*t*rrnlnnti*n

V* r: * *h i; i e tqv" * *t* rr:: ! r: * ti + r.l

1 Complete the sentences using the correct form of

the words in brackets

Example: Smoking is horrible - | really feel like qLvLwq vta

* ri: ril*:;: t: f,rji#s' Js

2 Complete the sentences using the correct form of

6 We - have a piano, but we sold it

3 Write sentences about Gordon using used to

I i:i:* hr.rl,* ru; ir.t*i"i*v *iil* *;i *ii.l

1 Complete the dialogues using the words in the box,

a ) d e p o s i t b ) in t h e b l a c k c ) s ; ' ; i n G d) statement

e ) s a v i n g s f ) l e n d g ) b o r r o w e d h ) in t e r e s t i) in the red

j ) w i t h d r a w i n g k) current

r,':- l- ; :': ve :"i:s !.,=riih it+* + *i* *is

2 Put the words in the correct order and add anynecessary punctuation

E x a m p l e : l e n t b a n k t h e m e m o n e y t h elnte bawk Lewt vwe the nttoweg

1 the us they news told

7 lost she I was so a map me drew

8 me send a to don't postcard foroet

Example: student I job 4ordow v+sed to be a stwdewt

but wow he's aot a iob

1 l i v e w i t h p a r e n t s / m a r r i e d

2 n o c h i l d r e n / a d a u g h t e r

3 h a v e s k a t e b o a r d / a c a r

4 play the guitar / play golf

I'm savLwq all my money for my

r e t i r e m e n t l ' v e n e v e r'

because you know it's safe there

m o n e y

5 not wear glasses / wear glasses

1 3 The river

Vocabula:"y: phrersni v*rhs nhCIilt tfii.nrisffi

1 Rewrite the sentences so they have the same

meaning Use the words in brackets and make any

necessary changes

Example: We left the train at Paddington Station (get)

We got offthetraLw atPaddlwgtow StatLow

b) us up for the night and we went home the next day

c) on drivlng for about three hours We were hungry by

then so we got

d) on for about six hours He couldn't do it but luckily, a

local farmer out

e) off the bus and had a picnic by the road After lunch,

Gr*rnmnr: irr#s*fit nimp{m #ili$ fl#iltlnL}*{Js f{Jr futurm

3 Complete the dialogue using the present simple or

xlmr: nhN{a r"y'fl : r'umc}dln gs

1 Oomplete the crossword

Example: When my sister got vwarrled, she wore white

1 Vly dog died last year and I still feel sad I haven't got

2 My boyfriend and I have separated, but I still love himand want to get - together

3 C h o i is m y b e s t fr i e n d W e g e t o n r e a l l y w e l leacn other

My Tarewts got vwarrLed so Ueavs a1o

1 They had a big party when they agreed to get married

2 | have a friendlv relationshio with both my sisters

3 S h e b e c a m e s a d a n d a n g r y w h e n s h e fa i l e d h e r e x a m

We lived separately for two months but now we've

b e c o m e p a r t n e r s a g a i n

W e w e n t o n h o l i d a y a n d h a d a n o p p o r t u n i t y t o f i n d o u tabout each other

coach 8 (leave) at 8 00.

Martina: That's early

Sophia: Yes, that's why I e - (go)to bed early

ffi rnrfi ncier: rtrefining re$etive cl;luses

2 Gomplete the sentences using a relative pronoun (ifnecessary) from the box

when where which who whose thatExample: lt's the restaurant where we first kissed

1 She's someone I met at a partv

6 lt's our love keeps us together

3 Combine two sentences to make one Add a relativepronoun (if necessary) and make any other changes

Example: She's got a car lt goes at more than 220 km an

h o u r She's got a oay that goes at vwore thaw 2zo k-yw awhour

e) waste of energy f) spend same time

g) save you time

Many people are suffering from the 21st century

epidemic - Hurry sickness

Sufferers try to fit everythinginta every day They never

Taking the stairs instead of the lift

o Getting angry in a traffic jam is a t _

lt doesn't o - or get you there faster

Don't get impatient w a i t i n g f o r e - m a i l s t o d o w n l o a d ,

'- to worry about the more important

t h i n g s i n l i f e

D r J a c q u e l i n e A t k i n s o n , a p s y c h o l o g i s t s p e c i a l i s i n g i n

time management at the University of Glasgow, says

that new technology makes it harder for people to

control their lives and still have a good quality of life

You should u _ that technology provides, out

d o n ' t th i n k th a t it w i l l s o l v e a l l v o u r p r o b l e m s

2 Correct the mistakes in the following sentences

Example: You should +.e-go away for the weekend

s o m e t i m e s X

1 You no should worry about being late all the time

2 Perhaps you could trying walking to work

3 | t h i n k y o u o u g h t to t a k i n g m o r e b r e a k s

4 P e r h a p s y o u d o n ' t o u g h t to use the car so much

5 Perhaps could you plan your day better

6 Y o u s h o u l d t o n o t e a t y o u r lu n c h a t y o u r d e s k

3 Give advice for someone who's feeling ill using the

words in brackets

E x a m p l e : T a k e a n a s p i r i n ( c o u l d )

PerhaTs govc couLd talce aw asTLrLw

1 Go to the doctor (should)

'

, - Cnanges

" : : I il L : = ti': i il* *iv*i'-; : l+,:: i::i F u ! i ri i * 1:

noun with the correct picture.

a) sssert b) dogo thelah c) ccsssue

d ) ir a p i n s s n * e ) e i n s o f ) t h w a l e

b)Write the adjective which goes with each

Example: haplr,."ess - halpu

Gls*':ir":i:"r: S'"*$*Frt p*$**t sinrpl* with ;'e; *,rrce#j,l

.t*sf

2 Use the prompts to write complete sentences,

a) | / iust ldo I ill've iwst dowe Lt

b) No / she / move / yet

4 Have they reached a decision yet? _

5 Have you seen the cat around here anywhere?

6 H a s J u l i a m o v e d h o u s e ?

ryry

1 tl H n i n r n n l r t n : r c ' r , r ' , n ?r v I r v v v

| l J v r , ( v u r u ) , \ r u ;

\J* * * l: u 5 * r'v ; i; h r* s * I'v * i* fi: ii,Ji]1" sr4rii{:jl.;, #,r:

1 Correct the mistakes in the sentences Be careful not all the sentences are wrong!

Fu * *t i: ii : i,*,!r: i*: * i * * * p r-: i iie t*r i{ ir *$t:i

2 Write the words in the correct order

E x a m o l e : v o u b i t t h e w i n d o w c l o s e c o u l d aCowLd uow oLosethe wLwdow a bLtz

1 S f ; * i n g * l * n m

'r'I,:

* # i: ll i ;l nr;,r # i *: i:il',i ri S ;f C s r l i i:l i t'i ii i * n r I i l :: ri*; Lg l ij ril,: l

1a) Find five adjectives in the wordsquare The first has

been done for you

b) Match the words with the definitions below

ii/it i; ;,i ir ll i ;: : ti: i I : {: tj ij j-r {,j * i,l ; ii; t ;1

1 Correct the mistakes in the following sentences

Example: I can't eat this soup - my furk is dirty X sVoow

1 M y f a t h e r i s a c o o k e r i n a r e s t a u r a n t "

2 l t w i l l b e a t h r e e - p l a t e d i n n e r : s o u p , m e a t a n d d e s s e r t

3 W h a t ti m e d o y o u have your biggest m e n u o f t h e d a y ?

4 iVy sister is a vegan, so she eats a lot of eggs

5 Y o u s h o u l d a l w a y s k e e p ic e c r e a m in t h e f r o z e n

6 i u s e d to b e a v e g e t a b l e , b u t n o w I e a t m e a t a n d fi s h

7 P u t th e c a r r o t s i n w a t e r a n d fr y t h e m for ten mtnutes

i"li.**llntl, {,/ll:'ii i-tilf;r:i-iti.i{:i;ii:iriit'."riril.it .ij:$;rrri::f!l;jiliirt;;

2 Underline the correct form of the verbs

E x a m p l e : l ' v e d e c i d e d t o d o / d o i n g a c o m p u t e r c o u r s e

1 He usually avoids fo eat / eating any meat products

2 | can'I aff ord fo buy / buying new clothes every month

3 Tom is going to give up smoking / to smoke

4 She managed to pass / passing all her exams

5 You waste so much time fo ptay / ptaying computer

g a m e s

6 They're planning to have / having a surprise party for

M e g a n

7 | offered to clear up / clearing up afler dinner

8 He keeps on to interrupt / interrupting me

3 Complete the text with the correct form of the verb

in brackets

{i t"rrllri};t r: $fi t;+fi * u*::ri!:!{!tr;} i

2 Complete the dialogue with the correct form of the

3 Write sentences using the second conditional Begin

with the words in the brackets

E x a m p l e : I h a v e n ' t g o t h i s a d d r e s s I want to send him an

e - m a r l ( | f )

If I had hLs address, I,d sewd hLwv aw e-rwalL

1 H e h a s n ' t g o t ti m e H e wants to finish the repor.i:oday

You'll look good if you decide to do (do) more exercise Don,t

s p e n d t i m e ' - - - ( t a l k ) a b o u t i t J o i n a g y m a n d m a k e

s u r e y o u m a n a g e ' ( g o ) t h e r e r e g u l a r l y

Think of the money you'll save if you give up 3 ismoke) Don't just keep on o _ Isay) you,re going rogrve up, but really do it lt's easier if you avoid 5

-(go) to places where other people smoke

Go out more You probably waste a lot of time 6{watch) TV Plan 7 (meet) friends after work Gosomewhere you enjoy You can afford B _- (be) nrce

'j

:: I :,: !: i: ! t: r"lrt : r'.: ;l t I ! :-: t : * il, | 1r * t-i':

1 Put the letters in the correct order Then match the

words to the correct definition

3 Where you go to say you've arrived

4 You can't get on the plane without one

5 W h e r e y o u b u y c h e a p e r a l c o h o l a n d c i g a r e t t e s

6 W h e r e y o u s e e w h a t ti m e y o u r p l a n e g o e s

7 Where they check your passport

8 The bags you carry onto the plane

l*il*;trii:e i: gnEt" #f;Ii*{:l ir;*:r:iLi

2 Underline the correct form of the verbs

Example: When she finished I had finishedlhree

sandwiches, she lelll had feltbeller

1 When I arrived I 'd arrived, the concert already started

I had already started

2 We wanted I had wanted some lunch, but the

restaurant didn't open I hadn't opened

3 | realised lhal I forgot I 'd forgotten my keys, when I

pushed I 'd pushed the door

4 | wanted I 'd wanted to buy the jeans that I saw I

'd seen the day before.

5 When Peter came in, he realised I 'd realisedthat we

organised I 'd organised a surprise party

3 Put these events in the correct order

( z r I rntnK sne ts =_=- in her roles BRILLIANCE i

a ) | w a s l a t e fo r t h e m e e t i n g

b ) | r e a l i s e d t h a t I h a d m i s s e d a b u s

c) after I had waited forty mlnutes for the

d) when I arrived at the bus stop

'-t-=-i] r" t t':.: : ;-r :; t : ll: i.r';; l!: i i.r il: il {,: ii il l i :^ i r : : t-r ii ii

2 Complete the texts with the correct form of the verb

in brackets Be careful - not all the verbs are in thepassrve,

Great Inventions

The ice lolly was oreated (create) by an American calledFrank Epperson He was a lemonade salesman

and he discovered ice lollies by accident! He

I t (leave) a glass of lemonade with

a spoon in it outside his house on a freezing coldnight When Epperson ' - (find) theglass in the morning, he tried to take the spoonout, But the lemonade 3 - (freeze)

d u r i n g t h e n i g h t a n d i t c a m e o u t o f th e g l a s s o n

the spoon So the firsf ice lolly u - (invent)The idea t (sell) to a food processingcompany lce lollies 6 (know) as 'popsicles'

in the USA

Vespas The first commercially successful scooier, the Vespa,'

- ( m a d e ) i n 1 9 4 6 b y th e lt a l i a ncompany Piaggio lt was a new kind ofvehicle: a two-wheeled personal transportThe frame was open, the two small

w h e e l s c o u l d e a s i l y 8 (remove) and a passenger could

-o

- (carry) on the back

The Vespa was practical and

e c o n o m i c a l a n d m i l l i o n s o f p e o p l e'o

- (buy) them Today it

" - (see) as the best ofcity fashion

i d e a c a m e f r o m h e r f a t h e r 0 R l G l N

96 F, c r r m o re exe rc i s es, g o to,+:s,.+- i + = = :,: -: r=: :: '.:.{=:-4.: ::: :: =.:.-.

?3 l-h* fi.ltr".rr* *f t*ys

V* * * b * i* r\:: {iJ'tis :-: fi i:l {-l s r'il-r}$

1 Write the letters in the correct order and match them

with the pictures

a) besatodark b) gajwis zuzepl c) droba mega

d) radsc e) losdl f) petcromu mage

D

D

ffir*:n'lns*r: ilr*#ft1 \,.sf lis 't* ti*iiq *i:e *l fr;fru1.* Ffmhifihiiify

2 Correct the mistakes in the following sentences

Example: He may not togroto the party on Saturday X ga

3 Rewrite the sentences so they have the same

meanings Use the modal verb in brackets and make

any necessary changes

7 He's not sure whether to phone the doctor today (may)

8 There's a possibility that the job starts on Mondav

( c o u l d )

? , + i' i i **ii y**

ii * * n b :: I il iw t * i e p h r: n i rr g tr-r: * | * $ :! j * s {i

1 Complete the puzzle and find the mystery word

1 lf someone isn't there when I phone; I always leave a

v w e s s a a e 0 l

Z p e a s " i o n ; t u p - | j u s t w a n t t o a s k y o u aquestion (4)

3 H i , _r_,- i s J u l i a W i l l i a m s s p e a k i n g ( 4 ),4 ,Oh, could you the phone for me? (6)

# ia ru ri-n n l: ;: h l* * i: i yqr tfu f; ;t h ry t-jt ir } * p ii l r: i n ;

2 Write the words in the correct order

E x a m p l e : E p e a k i n g h e l l o J u l i o it ' sFleLLo, Lt's JwLLo speaklwg

1 A: it's can speak Ana hi to I Rita

B : n o t m o m e n t a t s h e ' s l'm here afraid the

2 A : m e s s a g e a l e a v e p l e a s e can IB: course of Yes

l i n e ' s I ' m a f ra i d

h i m c a s e

25 Do the right thing

1 Gomplete the text using make or do

2

?

456

{3neseq"fisr: m*da{ w*rhs fnr nee*ssitg *nd eb$ig*tinn

2 Match the situations with the correct sentence

a) You must remember to ask some questions

b) You have to speak quietly

c) You mustn't tell anyone

d) You don't have to say anything

e) You should read the questions carefully

f) You must wear a seat belt

3 Rewrite the sentences so they have the same

meanings Start with the word(s) given

Example: lt's New Year and I feel it's necessary for me to

m a K e s o m e c n a n q e s

It's New Year and I rwust wvake sovwe ohawges

1 lt's not necessary for me to get up early on Saturday

2 lt's a good idea to try to remember friends' birthdays

My teacher says that I

It's forbidden to drink and drive

You

prohibited to copy other students' answers in exams

1 Correct the mistakes in the following sentences

E x a m p l e : S o r r y l ' m l a t e - the journey t o o k a l o n g s f t i m etoday X

1 | hate being late, so I make sure that my journeys are

c a r e f u l l y t i m i n g had really good time at the office party

think that sitting in a traffic jam is a waste off time.love having time out, when I don't have to go to work

By time I get home from work, l'm exhausted

I alwavs arrive for work on the time

2 Compfete the sentences using although, however, inspite of, despite or despite not

Example: He felt 1ll ftowever, he went to work

1 H e w e n t t o w o r k , f e e l i n g i l l

2 - it rained every day, we enjoyed our holiday

3 - f e e l i n g h u n g r y , s h e a t e a n e n o r m o u s m e a l

4 lhe coat was exl:ensive, it was worth it

5 The film was a critical success it didn't makeany money

6 - b e i n g l o n e l y , s h e n e v e r f e l t s a d

7 H e f a i l e d t h e e x a m , a l l th e s t u d y i n g h e d i d

3 You have some problems with one of youremployees Write sentences telling him / her about theproblems Use the words in brackets

Example: Work starts at 8.00 You are often late

( a l t h o u g h )ALthough work stavts at g.oo, Uow are oftew Late

1 The morning break is fifteen minutes You take twenty.(however)

-*

L u n c h f i n i s h e s a t 1 2 3 0 Y o u n e v e r c o m e b a c k o n ti m e ( a l t h o u g h )

T h i s is a n o n - s m o k i n g o f f i c e Y o u s m o k e a l l th e t i m e (in spite of)

There are three weeks paid holiday You take extra timeoff (however)

Employees cannot make personal phone calls You make

27 Anhievenrent

Ve: c n [: u i n t"'."1: a * h i *rr* lil * nt'r: * l: ei p r* j c ci.s

1 Complete the crossword All the answers are nouns

f f i r n m n l i l l " : F r s s E n t p e r f e c i s r n D t a e t : c t r l ; n : r c ; s

3 Gomplete the sentences using the correct form of

the present perfect

Example: l'vepLawted (plant) two nev,r rrees in rny

q a r d e n

1 They (play) tennis all afternoon

2 - (you reach) level three on that new

c o m p u t e r g a m e ?

3 M y m o t h e r - ( c o o k ) a l l m o r n i n q

4 L o o k , s h e _ - ( m a k e ) a l l th e s e c i k e s

5 I =_- (try) to fix my car but it still doesn.t work

6 | feel really fit because | _ (go) to the gym

S: Ho',rr much i (have / pay)?

J : A c t u a l l y , t h e m a n w a s q u i t e k i n d He , _ ( m a r e/ p a y ) f o r a l l o f i t I n th e end, I only 3 ( h a v e /pay) for one extra suitcase

S : O h , w e l l T h a t ' s n o t s o b a d

J : N o , b u t I w a n t e d to bring my dog But I a

^ ( a l l o w / bring) h i m b e c a u s e h e d i d n , t h a v e a p a s s p o r t

S : A p a s s p o r t ? F o r y o u r d o g ?J: Yes, they u _- (make / leave) him at tne alrport

2 Write the letters of the verbs in the correct order

Then match them with the nouns from Exercise 1

Example: to (kowr) y@rk on a Troject

5 l d i d

6 S h e w e n t o n

r ; S h * i < i n g h * n d s

io'ci **::ie rv: ri*i*g iltt;*in*ns

1 Tick (/) the two correct endings for each verb

V*** h n i n rry; -i:h * u-;* s t"h*l

1 Complete the sentences with words from the twoboxes

Skiers have been enjoying yesterday's falls of

7 Two cars were destroyed by lightning ln last night's

n'l ra m rfr ili t: r# p ilr tt# d *qt*lt* tE * *t$

2 Rewrite the following sentences in direct speech

E x a m p l e : S h e s a i d it h a d a l l b e e n a m i s t a k e 'lt was aLL a rwLstake.'

,WC

3 Rewrite the following sentences in reported speech'

E x a m p l e : ' l ' v e b e e n s t a y i n g i n L o n d o n s i n c e y e s t e r d a y '

H e s a i d h e ' d b e e w s t a u L w g L w L o w d o w s L w c e t h e d a gbefore

1 'We're very happy with the hotel room 'They said

' l ' l l

b e g l a d w h e n it ' s a l l fi n i s h e d '

S h e to l d m e' Y o u

c a n s t a r t t h e r a c e w h e n I s a v " G o " '

H e t o l d u s'We're going to leave tomorrow

2 Match the first and second

1 l f t h e c o m p a n y w e n t o n - l i n e ,

2 l f I w i n t h e r a c e ,

3 lf I was the new boss

4 You won't be late

If the vweetLwg fvwLshes Late, I'LL get a taxl

1 l'll probably get a pay rise next week I want to buy a

\dn*,t*;ije +i: ti:i'rg* :,#{:} t"ijffLi

1 Write the letters in the correct order and complete

the definitions

a) bets-relsel b) zagameni c) wepssepran d) i*i:V

e) volne f) stewbie 9) yetrop h) xett ookb

Example: You see it at the theatre: p!4g

1 Y o u c a n r e a d a b o u t fashion a n d fa m o u s p e o o l e :

2 A l o n g , w r i t t e n s t o r y a b o u t i n v e n t e d p e o p l e :

i? el**n nird t!rj',r

\Ji:*;,:i:ii1;lr* h*r,l;i:+-:',0';ltit, +liLi i,-ii:;';i-iiii.rr**lt;

1 Write the letters in the correct order

Example: Some students don't llkehorwework( E K H R O M O W )

4 Don't forgett o - ( U M U C A V ) t h e c a r p e t s a n d

( S T U D ) t h e f u r n i t u r e iili:iliry,el": *iii.rl.-r s*i"l'rii:;-Jl,.J'i# i.i:ris::l'iii li+iili.llr;1,1.,1f * iiii !.: t:;l

2 Correct the mistakes in the following sentences

Be careful - not all the sentences are wrong!

3 Write the words in the correct order

At a dinner party: G = Guest H = Host

G : T h e m e a l is d e l i c i o u s( 1 ) it did have you ceiivered 7

H : ( 2 ) it m y s e l f I i o a c i u a i l y cooked

G : A n d I l o v e o i r e o a r t y i n v i t a t i o n s S o f u n n y l( 3 ) t h d n : o c c j i d m a k e y o u ?

G : ( 7 ) g e t I N o m y s e l f can it

I a l s o n e e d a w a k e - u p c a l l in t h e m o r n i n g

R : T h e r e i s a c h o i c e h e r e(8) do yourself you it can or can I done rt haveyou for

G: Perhaps it's best if you do it

7 M i l l i o n s o f t h e s e a r e d e l i v e r e d t o h o m e s e v e r v d a v :

f,i i* *t r:i * l': !:.r ir: $ 1 il # | f s i: i i., i.! i: Li il i1 * i_! i

2 Complete the text about the financier George Soros

using the verbs in the box

a ) c r e a t e d b ) h a d b e e n li v i n g c) had been earning

d) made e) gave f) had been working g) lost

h) rni:ir+# i) didn't use i) moved k) had

George Soros was born in

Budapest in 1930 Before he vwoved

to London in 7947, Soros

t

in his native countrv

Hungary, where his father was a

lawyer He later 2

another move to tfr" ffSe"-ffe

t

- in the frnancial centre

of London for a number of vears

before he ' - to New york.

In both cities, he speculated on the financial markets

a n d " - - h u g e w e a l t h

In Wall Street, however, he u - failure as

well as success Up until 1998, his business , _

$4,000 a minutel But in 199g, he 8 -billions of

dollars on the currency markets

Soros became a vely rich man but he n _ hi

money only for himself He 10 _ larqe

amounts of moner- to many schools utr-d.oll"g" uro.rid

We - (stand) for most of the show before we

(find) two seats

She _- (expect) her friend for ages before she

f i n a l l y _ - ( a r r i v e )

j l

t t:

3 3 Tomorrow's world

'"' ; c : b t.: i * r1': ti * s* ri h i *';t c i: * l"l g r::;

# t,t n: *'l':r r: iil'f il iE: Hi {:h Liri"T * il {i i't'"$ ft ;r t''s #{,*yr*

2 Match the clauses and use the correct form of the

verbs in brackets

Exa m pl e : t-f T hoye h e wLLL hav e ft'wLshed TaLwtLwg

that door bt4 towLght

1 I h o p e h e ( f i n i s h ) p a i n t i n g t h a t d o o r f

2 B y J u n e 1 4 t h ,

3 I have onlv one more to read

4 We (flV) for fourteen hours non-stop

5 l t ' s th e i r g o l d e n w e d d i n g t o m o r r o w ,

6 B y 8 3 0 to n i g h t ,

a ) b y t h e t i m e th l s fl i g h t l a n d s

b) his train (reach) Rome

c) so they (be) married for 50 years

d) we (live) here for ten vears

e) and then | (read) all her books

f) by tonight

3 Correct the mistakes in the following sentences

Be careful - not all the sentences are wrong!

Example: Will ye++nishe+that job by tonight? X go'.c

have fvwLshed

6l8

I W i t t y o u h a v e p a s s e d t h e e x a m f o r n e x t J u l y ?

V*e alii:l*ry "i: srmt!i**i ffI**:f;ilr$ itfid $VmFt*ms

1 Complete the sentences using the correct form ofthe word in brackets

Example: When I was on holiday, I got loads of mosquitobltes (bite)

1 My foot feels very (itch)

2 | was by a snake last year (bite)

O w ! l ' v e b e e n - b y a b e e l ( s t i n g )You need to see a doctor - your stomach is very

( s w e l l )

D o n ' t g e t s h a m p o o i n y o u r e y e s - it really(sti ng )

W h a t ' s t h a t o n y o u r a r m ? (s w e l l )

M y b a c k w h e n I u s e a c o m p u t e r ( a c h e )

H e l p ! Y o u r d o g is - m i n e ! ( b i t e )

2 Decide which sentences are correct and which areincorrect Rewrite the incorrect sentences

Example: He came out in red spots all over his back /OK

3S lrs nr*ic,,len

2 Complete the text about the Nazca lines using the

correct form of the verbs in brackets

2 Complete the text below using the words fromExercise 1 Words can be used more than once

The Nazca lines ll;X,:::ru,*.3;[".

i i:y::'I'f::jj::, m y s t e r i e s i n t h e w o r l d H i s t o r i a n s :::-::::lli: o n l y d i s c o v e r e d sl:u:"' unsorved t h e s e ; I rb in*ease your output you,n need to * _

| * ^ : ^ - ; _ " : ; ; ^ ; : ^ " : j , " : ' r " " - '"

more, but you'll also need your s

:1'j:i1ll,Ti:lilll-"":"r'"a"'u",-whq, uwad,e (coutd / mal<e) lines which ar" ontu 'ollr",^rq i lffi:H[i:J,ffif"ff1ffi',";-"','.:ti i l -::lii-"1' :" :1t1* about how to " , ari s:iI

(;'J;;i ;";; ' "

will be high and you may need extra monel' L , s -: _:

i I wlll be hrgh and you may need extra moneY L , s -: _:,:Many theories have been suggested: the Nazca people

food.r Some peoplq beljeve'th;t the iines were art forms I I Remember the three Rs: - the rlgftl

o r t h a t t h e p e o p l e ( c o u l d / u s e ) t h e a n i m a l { | t h e r i g h t p l a c e a t t h e r i g h t t i m e

desigps to asl< their gods to send r.aln rlh

of all, is that the lines s (might/ show) airtr.itt I

from outer space where to land rhey ireronly suie'ot one | 'Jri:i;irn;r: ltti";-iintiil;i:q :':::

3 Write sentences with must, might, could, can't to large city

make deductions' Use the words in brackets to help Jakavta, whLch Ls a veru ,) r) .- - , -s :,.: tal,,-taL of

-E x a m p l e : H e w a s l a t e f o r t h e m e e t i n g ( p o s s i b l y / m i s s / 1 T h e n e w m a r k e : - J I - = _ : : - _ , - - : _ - ^ : c :rain) He vwLght have vwLssed the traLw His wife rryor.ks ^ _ =

ii :-r l O ii :-r c i f r i e n d s

', : c a ii u I a r-v: v * ii: *-x p r"'* s * i * n s * fu n i.l { f r i E: * ci m h i 5:

1 Underline the correct alternatives

ffi l* rn i* a r; * f * s * *t * * r'f u et,,ryiti: ;fo r n i"'i rl s,'**:rt

2 Put the time expressions in the correct column

a) two years b) ages c) | arrived d) Monday

e ) a w e e k f ) 2 5 t h M a y g ) s i x m o n t h s h ) 1 9 9 9

i ) lu n c h t i m e j ) y e s t e r d a y k ) th i s m o r n i n g

l ) te n m i n u t e s m ) e i g h t o ' c l o c k n ) t h e s t a r t o f t h e f i l m

3 Write sentences using the present perfect with for or

slnce Use the verbs in brackets

1 Find nine words or expressions to do with happinessand unhappiness The first has been done for you

[ : * i - C t ' * l ' ' ' ; ! ; ' r 1 ir : 1 ; r , i " y " i

2 Write the words in the correct order

E x a m p l e : w o r s t w h a t t e l l i n g w o u l d i s m e y o u r

f e a r m i n d y o u ?V,lowLd r4or't vwLwd teLLLwg rwe what gour worstteaY Ls?

1 Arq you happy in your work?

I'd like

2 W h a t k e e p s y o u ' a w a k e a t n i g h t ?Could you

3 W h a t d o y o u d o i n t h e e v e n i n g s ?Would you mind

4 H o w m u c h d o y o u s p e n d o n c i g a r e t t e s ?

5 What makes you depressed?

Would you mind

6 Are you free at the weekend?

When I was six, my family moved I lived

to Romania for a year | (1\ started I madefriends with a girl of my own age Now welive in different countries but we (2\ are intouch I write news with each other lt'sgreat to think that over the years l've never(3) forgotten / /osf contact with her Wedon't phone very often, so we (41 keep /make in touch by rruriting blrthday cards

We usually (51 post I send a lot of newswith the cards, so we can (61 find out I

k e e p u p w i t h w h a t h a s b e e n h a p p e n i n g i nour lives I can always (71 rely with I relY

on her to wrlte because she never forgets

m y b i r t h d a v O u r fr i e n d s h i p i s v e r y s p e c i a land I hope we can (81 remain I continuefriends for another forty yearsl

9 Pay too little for something:

Lili*i'r.t*"t*tr: lilirri r:*n#i[:r-]il.:i{ ;:lF'}ij i u:.'isil I u.l'*rtiir

2 Look at the pictqres then complete the story using

the correct form of the verbs in brackets

n'.tl,u*r,, *l*-,, -,.-::'\+r.-,-o

-3 Write sentences using the third conditionar

E x a m p l e : I d i d n ' t p h o n e m y g i r l f r i e n d o n n e r b i r t h d a V ( S h e

was uoset)

lf (owLtj I'dphowed wvg gLrLfrLewd owherbL*hday,

she woiLdw't'have beew vtqset

N L < ]

: : - s _ _ : _ _ 1.ou about my int.erview I w a s n , t

a : a _ ! u e l - , o u s e v e n t h o u g h t h e r e w e r e t h r e e : - : : : : : : - l e r e I t h i n k I l o o k e d r e a l l y g o o d

- n r : : r : : t e w suitl F i r s t t h e y a s k e d m e i f - a n r * X T w a s

; : c - w i t h c o m p u t e r s a n d w h a t s o f t w a r e h a v e I : s e C T h e y a l s o w a n t e d to know if c a n t

g i v e t h e m m y d e c i s i o n S o t h 4 t m e a n s t h a t I

g o t t h e j o b l I , m s o h a p p y l : - )

H o w a b o u t y o u ? D i d y o u have a good t.ime with

t h a t g u y y o u met? Send me ALL the det.ails!

i A lucky break!

Lesson 3

Use willto rnake a decision at the time of speaking:l've got a terrible headache Have you? Illl get youThe film's at four

some asptflns

Great! I'll come withYOU

Use willwith the exoressions I think and I don't think

Do vou want to come to the party? Yes, I think I will

I think l'll go to bed nov, OK See you in the

I'm going to call the baby James

We're going to spend a week in France

r Use the comparative form of adjectlves with than to

c o m p a r e t w o t h i n g s :Betraining is harder for him than it is for me

NOf Retraining is merb harder fer him

OR Betraining is as harder for him

Use adjectives with /notl as as to compare two

t h i n g s :l'rryas tall as you (We're the same height.)This house isn't as big as the other one (This house issmaller.)

Use the superlative form of adjectives to compare three

Use the past simple to talk about completed actions or

events in the past, often with a time reference

lyesterday, Iast week, in 1999 etc.ll

We met Tom yesterday

Julie didn't speak to Matthew last week

Did th,Qy go on holiday last year?

I visited my grandmother every Salurday when

lwas a child

Use the pastcontinuous t o d e s c r i b e l o n g e r a c t i o n s a n d

events In the past:

I was lying awake at three o'clock last night

r Use the past continuous to set the scene in a story:

The rain was falling and the wind was blowing through

the trees in the dark forest

r Use the past.simple a n d p a s t c o n t i n u o u s t o g e t h e r i n

one sentence if the first action is still going on when the

second actlon happens:

He was driving his car very fast when a dog ran in front

of him

When a wh- word is the subject of the sentence, it

comes before the verb We do not use the auxiliarv do

or did, we use a main verb in,the correct tense:

Who ate my cake?

What's happened? The flat is a mess!

NOT +rha+4id-haBBen+

When a wh- word is the object, normal question word

order with an auxiliary is used:

Who is Diavid talking to? Jan

What did the teacher say to the students? She told

th6m'to opejn their books.'

Whosaw Vic? (Marjorie\ | Who did Marjorie see? (Vic)

(whois the subject of I lwho is the object of

the question) | the question)

Lesson 5

r Use can to talk about ability in the present:

I can write with both hands

You can't swim

Can Jane speak ltalian?

Grammar reference

Use wasn't able to, didn't manage to or couldn't totalk about something that was not possible on aparticular occasion in the past:

Unfortunately, we weren't able to fix the car

I didn't manage to escape t had to be rescued

TheV couldn't find the exit

r Use the present perfect to talk about past experiences

I t i s n o t i m p o r t a n t w h e n th e e x p e r i e n c e s h a p p e n e d :I've worked as a manager and a supervisor (At some

t i m e - i t i s n ' t im p o r t a n t w h e n )Have you ever visited the Acropolls in Athens? (At any

t i m e i n v o u r li f e ? )I've never tasted oysters - are they nrce7 (Never in mV

l i f e )

Use the past simple to talk about completed actions inthe past, often with a time reference (yesterday, lastweek, in July etc.):

I applied for the job in 2001

We ate fish at the restaurant yesterday

Did they go to Rome last year?

L*rron g

o Note the following verb patternsPleased + fo + infinitive

L o v e l y + t o + i n f i n i t i v eCongratulate + somebody + onCongratulations + on

S e n d + s o m e t h i n g + t olntroduce + somebody'+ to

Use could to talk about ability in the past:

I could read when I was four

Sam couldn't write until he was five

Could you run fast when you were a child?

r Use uzas able to or

something that was

l'm pleased to be hereIt's lovely to see youagatn

I congratulated I sabelle

on her exam success

Cong ratulations o.n yourrecent engagement

Please send my love toyour parents

David introduced me tohis mother

C o m p a r a t i v elarger

S u p e r l a t i v elargest

O n e s y l l a b l e

e n d i n g i n a

c o n s o n a n t :

add -er / -est

l r r e g u l a r

adjectives

paagood

lf you use sun cream, you won't get sunburn.

You'll get wet if you don't take rain clothes

Will I need rain clothes if I go in June?

L*ss*n 1 1

#;s*# fa ;lnrj ur*rrjili Use used fo + infinitive for repeated actions in the pasl

t h a t d o n ' t h a p p e n n o w :

I used to drink a lot of coffee (But now I don't.)Women didn't use to smoke in public

( B u t n o w t h e y d o )Did Harry use to smoke?

Use used fo to talk about past states:

Sarah used to have lonq hair

Jse would to talk about repeated actions in the past:

We would spend our holidays bV the sea

My grandfather would sit in his chair and tell us stories

t * s s n n 1 3 v"erhs; uq,ith I'r,+,* nhj**ts

Verbs can have one object or two They can have adirect object:

I sent a letter

A n d a n i n d i r e c t o b j e c t :

I sent a letter to you

The indirect object is often a person, and often goesbefore the direct object:

I sent you a letter

We offer vou a first-class service

r Sometimes the indirect object goes after the direct

o b j e c t W h e n th i s h a p p e n s , t h e r e is u s u a l l y a

p r e p o s r t r o n :

We can lend money to you

Pr*s*nt *irnpi* fifr.$ **fitinc.i*** fr,;r fu'[urc

o Use the present simple to talk about timetables a n d

p r o g r a m m e s i n t h e f u t u r e :Does the boat leave at six this evening?

The tour starts at 7.30 tomorrow

The film doesn't finish at eight, it finishes at half pasteight

,/'N't" y';;il; *;til;;ith' ;;il;;pt' '

"s""'ffi*-l

\.""0r institutions, e g schools, offices, shops etc _ _ ^ _*.j

r Use the present continuous a n d a t l m e r e f e r e n c e(tomorrow, next week, at ten o'clock, etc.) to talkabout definite future arranoements vou have madeVourself :

l'm seeing the doctor at four o'clock

We're travelling to Lisbon next Saturday

U s e th e f i r s t c o n d i t i o n a l t o m a k e s u g g e s t i o n s , g i v e

a d v i c e o r w a r n i n g s :

lf you plan several flights, it'll be cheaper to buy a pass

lf vou book Vour ticket well in advance, you'll get a

better pnce

lf you don't like hot weather, go in December

Y o u c a n a l s o u s e im p e r a t i v e s i n f i r s t c o n d i t i o n a l

s e n t e n c e s :

lf you're going out, take the dog with you

Unless means if nof:

Don't go to Australia unless you like hot weather

(Don't go to Australia if you don't like hot weather.)

:" Note: The ffclause often comes first but it can come second: \

', lf you use sun cream, you won't get sunburn

i, You won't get sunburn if you use sun cream

i When the lf clause comes first, put a comma after it You don't need

\ a comma !-*-.***-*_ when it comes second

-"" *_"-_ _J

l**ss*n I *

!"€r* **rr*ttrili;t;#ft5 tl,l iik*a ':** tii-qlii:*=

Use the -ing form or a noun after these verbs: like,

love, enjoy, hate, don't mind, can't stand:

I love playing basketball

I can't stand junk food

Use the infinitive with ro after these verbs' want,

decide, need, forget, learn, promise, would Iike /

love / hate'

I want to take more exercise

l'd love to play baseball

Use the ing form or a noun after a preposition:

l'm sick of running round the park

Phrasal verbs can be intransitive (no object needed):

We set off at 9.00 NOT lAe set eff the iournev et g,00,

Or transitive (they need an object):

He got over the death of his father NOT t+e-gre+-eve+

S o m e tr a n s i t i v e p h r a s a l v e r b s a r e s e p a r a b l e ( t h e v e r b

a n d th e p a r t i c l e c a n b e s e p a r a t e d b y t h e o b j e c t ) :

I put Ewa up for the night

I put up Ewa for the night

Can you look after the baby?

Can you look after her?

NOT ean yea leel< the ba

o R @

4 S o m e tr a n s i t i v e p h r a s a l v e r b s h a v e t w o p a r t i c l e s w h i c h

are not separable:

Students usually look up to their teachers

NOT Stadents asudly l@

tcss*n "tr5

$+ti:*si v*fLi.q f'ilf r;i'",i*1; **ivi,:r+

o Use should, could or ought fo to give advice:

You should get more sleep

You shouldn't work so hard

You could try going to bed earlier

You ought to do more exercise during the day

Use who or thatlor people, which or thatfor things,where for places, whenfor times and whose for peoole

a n d th e i r p o s s e s s l o n s :Jane's the girl who told me to buy some lavencler oil.Lemon has a smell which increases people's energy.This is the village where my husband grew up

I like nighttime when the town is nice and quietThat's the man whose house we staved in last summer

U s e r e l a t i v e c l a u s e s t o d e f i n e t h e p e r s o n o r t h i n g y o u

a r e ta l k i n g a b o u t :That's the man

That's the man who bought my house

( T h e r e l a t i v e c l a u s e d e f i n e s ' t h e m a n ' ):' Note: You don't need a relative pronoun when you are defining the'\'robjectofasentence: Cherriesarethefruit(that)l likemost i

Use alreadywhen the action is completed:

l've already tidied my desk (My desk is tidy now.)

Use Tusf when the action happened very recently:

l've just repainted my bedroom (j finished painting a

f e w m o m e n t s a g o )

Atread) andTusf come before the verbShe's already bought some plants

He's just tidied the house

Yef comes at the end of the sentence

I haven't walked the dog yet

Use nof yef when the action is not completed but youexpect it to be completed in the future

I haven't bought a fish tank yef (But I will soon.)George hasn't finished that book yef (But he'll finish it

i n t h e n e x t w e e k )

o Use yef to ask whether an action is completed:

Have vou taken up a sport yet? (Are you doing a newsport now?)

,' " N ;;;- N ; ;;; i;;; ;il ilili,; ;, d ;i ;;;;i;*, i,,,n pr,,

",,''r',,. laue you prepared the food alreadyT (You did that quickly ) '

111

A s k i n g s o m e o n e

t o d o s o m e t h i n g

Open the window!

Can you open

Yes, I do - it's cold

The form of the second conditional is:

/f + past simple, would (or could or mightl + infinitive

Use the second conditional t o t a l k a b o u t u n l i k e l V o r

imaginary situations ln the present a,nd the future:

lf I didn't have a car, I'd take the train

(But I have got a car, so I won't take the train.)

If lwon the race, I'd be delighted

(But I probably won't win the race so I won't be

delighted.)

Would you stop working if'rlou won the lottery?

(You probably won't win the lottery")

Note: You can use vvereor razaswith l, he, she and it

lf I were rich, I'd buy a house abroad

lf she were taller, she could be a nodel

If it wasn't raining, we'd go to the beach

Note: The rTclause often com0s first but it can come second:

lf I were richer, I'd be happier

l'd bb happier if I were richer

When the if clause comes first, put a comma after it You don'tneed a comma when it comes Second

Use the infinitive with' fo after these verbs' want,decide, need, learn, promise, would like / love / hate,plan, afford, mana,ge, offer:

I want to go out tonight

Do you need to buy some new ieans?

He didn't promise io write but I'm sure he will

Note: You can also use verb i object + infinitive with to afterthe verbs wantand would tike / love / hate:

I'd love you to come on holiday with me

They wanted her to join the swimming club

r Use the -ingform after these verbs: /ike, enjoy, Iove,hate, finish, go, stop, avoid, spend / waste time andafter some two-part phrasal verbs: give up, take up,carry onl keep on: '

I avoid taking exercise

He keeps on laughing at her

Do you avoid writing letters?

I don't waste time surfing the lnternet

L e s s o n 2 1

o Use the past perfect to talk about an action thathappened before another action in the past:

When I arrived at the terminal, the plane had alreadytaken off

(First the plane took off, then I arrived at the terminal.)

I realised I hadn't packed my passport

(First I left my passport behind, then I realised.)Had the meeting started when you arrived?

Note: The difference between the past perfect and the past

s i m p l e i s :When I arrived at the bus stop, the bus left

(l arrived and the bus left at the same time.)When I arrived at the bus ston the bus had left

(The bus left, then I arrived.)

Lesson 22

Use the passive w h e n y o u d o n ' t k n o w w h o d o e s th e

action, or you are not interested in who does it, or it isn't

important who does it:

The winner of the competition was announced during

First the band is chosen Then a single is released

Next, a full-length album is recorded

Use the passive in more formal contexts:

The new president was taken to the White House

where he was interviewed bv a senior iournalist

Use by + agent (the person or thing) when we want to

s a v w h o d i d th e a c t i o n

he was interviewed by a senior journalist

The film was directed bv Almod1var

Use the verb be in the correct tense + past participle:

The Spice Girls were created bv a businessman

The bildge is being built at the moment

This room has been painted recently

r Use wll/to talk about things that you think are very likely

to haopen in the future:

l'm sure interactive books will become very popular

We won't live on other planets

Will we use cars?

Use may, mightor couldto talk aboui possibilities in

the future:

I think we may communicate entirely by e-mail

We rnight not need telephones at all

Robots could be in every home in fifty years

Use have to or mastto talk about obliqations that comefrom other oeoole:

You have to send that e-mail today Jhe boss says it'snecessarv.)

I have to be at the office by eight o'clock (These arethe company rules.)

You mustn't park here (lt's the law.)Note: The usual ouestion form is Do I have to ? noIMustJl:

Do I have to retype this report?

Do we have to leave so early?

o Use don't have to when something is unnecessary:

You don't have to use abbreviations in e-mails (lt isn'tnecessary.)

Use should and shouldn'r to ask for and give advice

U s e s h o u l d t o s a y s o m e t h i n g i s a g o o d id e a , a n dshouldn'tto say it's a bad idea

You should get more fresh air

You shouldn't smoke

Use althgugh, despite (not), in spite of and however

to introduce contrasting ideas:

Sasha didn't phone Peter, although she'd planned to

Despite going to bed very late, we all got up at six

Did you enjoy your holiday in spite of the terribleweather?

Note the different forms:

although + clauseAlthough I hate commuting, I love my job

despite (not) + -ing formDespite leaving at six, I arrived late

Despite not having an alarm clock, I manage to wake

up eailv

in spite of+ noun or -ingform

In spite of his health, he climbed the rnountain

He climbed the mountain, in spite of being in badhealth

However + clause (However goes at the start of asentence )

I often feel tired However, l enjoy the job

Note: The object of an active sentence becomes the subject oi

the oasslve sentence:

People broadcast the programmes

The prpgrammes are broadcast

1 1 3

L e s s o n 2 7

r Use both the present perfect simple and the present

perfect continuous to talk about recent actions and

situations that have a result in the oresent

r Use the present perfect simple when you focus on the

result of a completed activity:

He's tested the power device and it works

I haven't revised for mV exam - I think l'll fail

Have you run a marathon?

o Use the present perfect continuous w h e n y o u f o c u s o n

the activity The activity may or may not be completed:

He's been testing the power device

I haven't been revising, l've been sleeping!

Have you been running?

Use the first conditional t o t a l k a b o u t t h i n g s t h a t m a y

You can start reported speech in two ways:

Subject + told + object (+ fhaf)

I told him that I was ready to go

Subject + said (+ thatl

I said that I was ready to go

When you report what somebody said, the verb tenses

( N o o n e o b l i g e d h i m t o

w o r k h a r d )

Use let / didn't let or was(n't)/were(n't) / allowed to

say that something was or wasn't permitted: He said that he was ready to go.

@

7-They said they'd been to the market

She said she'd been to Aberdeen

Note: There is no change with the past perfect:

'Mark had arrived late, as usual.'> He said Mark had arrivedlate as usual

permission to eat it?)

She didn't let him go

I saw John yesterday.

She said that she had seen John the day before

rffir

,/.

He told me he was going to work the following day.

r The time expressions (yesterday, this week etc ) also

I do everything myself (Nobody helps me.)When Peter was little, he never did anything himself

His mother did it all

Don't worry about food for tonight We'll cook itourselves

Can the twins dress themselves yet or are they still tooyoung?

U s e th e s t r u c t u r e h a v e + s o m e t h i n g + p a s t p a r t i c i p l e(also known as the causative) to say that somebody

I have my car serviced by Olds Motor Group

John has his hair cut by a friend

Form: Use the correct tense of have + something +

p a s t p a r t i c i p l e :

I have my bike repaired at'Wheelies'

l'm going to have this room painted

By 2050, scientists will have perfected the 'brainlink'computer

' bra i n I i nk' com Duter perfected

o Use the past perfect simple to talk about an actlon that

h a p p e n e d b e f o r e a n o t h e r a c t i o n i n t h e p a s t :

When she returned to the UK, she had already written

some of Harry Potter

(First she wrote some of her book, then she returned to

t h e u K )

U s e th e p a s t p e r f e c t c o n t i n u o u s t o t a l k a b o u t lo n g e r

activities or situatlons that haooened before another

action in the past:

Before 1996, Joanne had been living in Portugal

( U p to 1996, J o a n n e w a s l i v i n g i n P o r t u g a l )

I'd been waiting for ages before I was served

They hadn't been expecting Mario to arrive so late

Had they been seeing each other long when they got

married?

( M o n d a y )

1 1 5

r e r e i ' e n c e

L e s s o n 3 4

Phrasei r.'*1"'lls *" s** [-*sn*n "i4

L e s s o n 3 5

r Use musf have been when you are sure something

W A S t T U E :

She must have been a storyteller

( l a m sure she was a storyteller )

Use can't have been when you are sure something

w a s n ' t tr u e :She can't have been an ordinary member of society

( l a m s u r e s h e wasn't an ordinary m e m b e r o f s o c i e t y )

Use might have been or could have been when you

t h i n k s o m e t h i n g w a s p o s s i b l e :

I think she might have been a soldier

She could have been a rich and powerful woman

i Note: '\-*- *-*.***-r We can also make deductions about things in the present i

-',- -_: */

Use must be when you are sure something i s t r u e :

That must be an insect - it's qot six leas

U s e c a n ' t b e w h e n y o u a r e s u r e s o m e t h i n g i s n ' t tr u e :That can't be a spider lt's only got six legs Spidershave got eight legs

Use might be when you think something i s p o s s i b l e

I think it might be a bee

i \ i * n - d m f i n i * 6 r G i f i t i u e f f lt r r ; s * s

Use non-defining r e l a t i v e c l a u s e s t o a d d e x t r a

i n f o r m a t i o n t o a s e n t e n c e :

My car is two years old

My car, which needs a service, is two years old

My pet rabbit died in June last year

My pet rabbit, who was adorable, died in June lastYear

L c s s n n 3 7

$*r*;$mnt rl#rf*rit krii{h "f#{ flffid si,q{:#

Use the present perfect with forand sincelo talk about

a c t i o n s o r s t a t e s t h a t s t a r t e d i n t h e p a s t a n d c o n t i n u enow:

I've known Bichard for five years

( W e m e t f i v e y e a r s a g o a n d I s t i l l k n o w h i m n o w )I've been living with my brother since I sold my flat.( A n d l' m still living w i t h h i m )

I Note: There are manv situations when either form is conect

I I've worked in London for five years

\Jr, !:rry_":99:lJtrdon for five years

o The present perfect continuous is often used when we

t a l k a b o u t s o m e t h i n g t e m p o r a r y :I've been taking the bus to work recently( M y c a r is n ' t working.)

You can ask polite (or indirect) questions wilh Couldyou, Can you, Would you and l'd like lf you use aquestion word, the question word (when, where, why,whgt, who and how) goes before the subject:

Could you tell me when the film starts?

Would you find out why Sarah looks so upset, please?

Use if or whetherwhen the direct question is a yes / no

q u e s t r o n :Can vou tell me if vou'd like to have dinner sometime?l'd like to know whether you want to go out tomorrow