Tài liệu INTERNATIONAL LAW Sixth edition docx

Preface pagexxiTable of cases xxiii Table of treaties and selected other international instruments lxxxi List of abbreviations clxii 1 The nature and development of international law 1La

Sixth edition

Malcolm Shaw’s engaging and authoritative International Law has become

the definitive textbook for instructors and students alike, in this ingly popular field of academic study The hallmark writing style provides

increas-a stimulincreas-ating increas-account, motivincreas-ating students to explore the subject more fully, while maintaining detail and academic rigour The analysis inte- grated in the textbook challenges students to develop critical thinking skills The sixth edition is comprehensively updated throughout and is carefully constructed to reflect current teaching trends and course cov- erage The International Court of Justice is now examined in a separate dedicated chapter and there is a new chapter on international criminal law The detailed references and reliable, consistent commentary which distinguished previous editions remain, making this essential reading for all students of international law whether they be at undergraduate level, postgraduate level or professional lawyers.

m a l c o l m n s h aw, q c is the Sir Robert Jennings Professor of national Law at the University of Leicester One of the world’s leading international lawyers, he has been awarded the decoration of ‘Officier de l’Ordre de la Valeur’ by the Republic of Cameroon He is a member of the Advisory Council of the British Institute of International and Comparative Law and a founding member of the Curatorium, Xiamen Academy of In- ternational Law He is also a practising barrister at Essex Court Chambers.

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Preface pagexxi

Table of cases xxiii

Table of treaties and selected other international

instruments lxxxi

List of abbreviations clxii

1 The nature and development of international law 1Law and politics in the world community 2

The role of force 4

The international system 5

The function of politics 11

Historical development 13

Early origins 14

The Middle Ages and the Renaissance 19

The founders of modern international law 22

Positivism and naturalism 24

The nineteenth century 27

The twentieth century 30

Communist approaches to international law 31

The Third World 38

2 International law today 43

The expanding legal scope of international concern 43 Modern theories and interpretations 49

Positive Law and Natural Law 49

Introduction 72

The material fact 76

What is state practice? 81

Opinio juris 84

Protest, acquiescence and change in customary law 89 Regional and local custom 92

General principles of law 98

Equity and international law 105

Judicial decisions 109

Other possible sources of international law 113

The International Law Commission 119

Other bodies 121

Unilateral acts 121

Hierarchy of sources and jus cogens 123

4 International law and municipal law 129The theories 131

The role of municipal rules in international law 133 International law before municipal courts 138

The United Kingdom 1 9

Customary international law 141

5 The subjects of international law 195

Legal personality – introduction 195

Mandated and trust territories 224

International administration of territories 230

The ‘Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus’ (TRNC) 235

The Saharan Arab Democratic Republic 236

Various secessionist claimants 237

Associations of states 238

Conclusions 242

Special cases 243

The Sovereign Order of Malta 243

The Holy See and the Vatican City 243

Insurgents and belligerents 245

National liberation movements (NLMs) 245

International public companies 248

Transnational corporations 249

The right of all peoples to self-determination 251

The establishment of the legal right 251

The definition of self-determination 256

Individuals 257

International organisations 259

The acquisition, nature and consequences of legal personality – some conclusions 260

6 The international protection of human rights 265

The nature of human rights 265

Ideological approaches to human rights in international law 268 The development of international human rights law 270

Some basic principles 272

The United Nations system – general 276

The protection of the collective rights of groups and individuals 281 Prohibition of genocide 282

Prohibition of discrimination 286

The principle of self-determination as a human right 289 The protection of minorities 293

Other suggested collective rights 301

The United Nations system – implementation 302

Political bodies – general 303

The Commission on Human Rights (1946–2006) 304

The Human Rights Council 306

Expert bodies established by UN organs 307

The Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of

The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural

Expert bodies established under particular treaties 311

The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 311 The Human Rights Committee 314

The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against

The Committee Against Torture 326

The Committee on the Rights of the Child 331

The Committee on the Protection of Migrant Workers 3 3 The Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 334 The Committee on Enforced Disappearances 334

Conclusions 335

The specialised agencies 338

The International Labour Organisation 338

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural

Organisation 341

7 The regional protection of human rights 345

The Council of Europe 345

The European Convention on Human Rights 347

The convention system 351

The European Social Charter 360

The European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and

Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment 362 The Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities 365

The European Union 369

The OSCE (Organisation for Security and Co-operation in

The Banjul Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights 391

The Arab Charter on Human Rights 395

8 Individual criminal responsibility in international law 397International criminal courts and tribunals 399

The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia

The Special Court for Sierra Leone 418

The Extraordinary Chambers of Cambodia 421

Kosovo Regulation 64 panels 423

East Timor Special Panels for Serious Crimes 424

The Bosnia War Crimes Chamber 426

The Special Tribunal for Lebanon 427

The Iraqi High Tribunal 428

The Serbian War Crimes Chamber 429

The acquisition of additional territory 495

Boundary treaties and boundary awards 495

Accretion 498

Conquest and the use of force 500

The exercise of effective control 502

Intertemporal law 508

Critical date 509

Sovereign activities (effectivit´es) 511

The role of subsequent conduct: recognition, acquiescence and

Conclusions 520

Territorial integrity, self-determination and sundry claims 522

The doctrine of uti possidetis 525

Beyond uti possidetis 528

International boundary rivers 531

The Falkland Islands 532

‘The common heritage of mankind’ 533

The polar regions 534

Leases and servitudes 538

The law of outer space 541

The definition and delimitation of outer space 543 The regime of outer space 544

Telecommunications 549

11 The law of the sea 553

The territorial sea 556

The width of the territorial sea 568

The juridical nature of the territorial sea 569

The right of innocent passage 570

Jurisdiction over foreign ships 574

International straits 575

The contiguous zone 578

The exclusive economic zone 580

The continental shelf 584

Definition 586

The rights and duties of the coastal state 588

Maritime delimitation 590

Landlocked states 607

The high seas 609

Jurisdiction on the high seas 611

Exceptions to the exclusivity of flag-state jurisdiction 614

The 1982 Law of the Sea Convention (Part XI) 629

The Reciprocating States Regime 631

The 1994 Agreement on Implementation of the Seabed Provisions

of the Convention on the Law of the Sea 632

The International Seabed Authority 633

Settlement of disputes 635

The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea 638

12 Jurisdiction 645

The principle of domestic jurisdiction 647

Legislative, executive and judicial jurisdiction 649

Civil jurisdiction 651

Criminal jurisdiction 652

The territorial principle 652

The nationality principle 659

The passive personality principle 664

The protective principle 666

The universality principle 668

War crimes, crimes against peace and crimes against

Treaties providing for jurisdiction 673

Illegal apprehension of suspects and the exercise of

jurisdiction 680

The US Alien Tort Claims Act 683

Extradition 686

Extraterritorial jurisdiction 688

13 Immunities from jurisdiction 697

Sovereign immunity 697

The absolute immunity approach 701

The restrictive approach 704

Sovereign and non-sovereign acts 708

State immunity and violations of human rights 715

Commercial acts 718

Contracts of employment 725

Other non-immunity areas 727

The personality issue – instrumentalities and parts of the state 728 The personality issue – immunity for government figures 735 Waiver of immunity 740

Pre-judgment attachment 742

Immunity from execution 744

The burden and standard of proof 748

Diplomatic law 750

The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961 752 The inviolability of the premises of the mission 754

The diplomatic bag 759

Diplomatic immunities – property 762

Diplomatic immunities – personal 764

Waiver of immunity 771

Consular privileges and immunities: the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, 1963 772

The Convention on Special Missions, 1969 774

The Vienna Convention on the Representation of States in their

Relations with International Organisations of a Universal

Character, 1975 775

The immunities of international organisations 776

14 State responsibility 778

The nature of state responsibility 781

The question of fault 783

Imputability 785

Ultra vires acts 788

State control and responsibility 789

Mob violence, insurrections and civil wars 791

Circumstances precluding wrongfulness 793

Invocation of state responsibility 799

The consequences of internationally wrongful acts 800

Cessation 800

Serious breaches of peremptory norms (jus cogens) 807

Diplomatic protection and nationality of claims 808

The exhaustion of local remedies 819

The treatment of aliens 823

The relevant standard of treatment 824

The expropriation of foreign property 827

The property question 830

The nature of expropriation 830

The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency 842

15 International environmental law 844

State responsibility and the environment 851

The basic duty of states 851

The appropriate standard 853

Liability for damage caused by private persons 858

Prevention of transboundary harm from hazardous

The provision of information 890

The provision of assistance 891

Nuclear safety 892

Civil liability 893

Hazardous wastes 895

Marine pollution 898

Pollution from ships 898

16 The law of treaties 902

The making of treaties 907

Formalities 907

Entry into force of treaties 925

The application of treaties 926

The termination of treaties 945

Termination by treaty provision or consent 945

Material breach 947

Supervening impossibility of performance 949

Fundamental change of circumstances 950

Absorption and merger 971

Cession of territory from one state to another 973

Secession from an existing state to form a new state or states 974

‘Newly independent states’ 977

Dissolution of states 979

International human rights treaties 981

Succession with respect to matters other than treaties 985

Membership of international organisations 985

Succession to assets and debts 986

The African Union (Organisation of African Unity) 1026

The Organisation of American States 1030

The Arab League 1031

19 The International Court of Justice 1057

The organisation of the Court 1058

The jurisdiction of the Court 1064

Application for interpretation of a judgment 1105

Application for revision of a judgment 1105

Examination of a situation after the judgment 1107

The advisory jurisdiction of the Court 1108

The role of the Court 1113

Proliferation of courts and tribunals 1115

20 International law and the use of force by states 1118Law and force from the ‘just war’ to the United Nations 1119 The UN Charter 1123

The right of self-defence 1131

The protection of nationals abroad 1143

Terrorism and international law 1159

21 International humanitarian law 1167

The scope of protection under international humanitarian law 1170 The wounded and sick 1171

Prisoners of war 1172

Protection of civilians and occupation 1176

The conduct of hostilities 1184

Armed conflicts: international and internal 1190

Non-international armed conflict 1194

Enforcement of humanitarian law 1199

22 The United Nations 1204

The Security Council 1206

The General Assembly 1210

Other principal organs 1213

The peaceful settlement of disputes 1216

The League of Nations 1216

The United Nations system 1217

The Security Council 1218

The General Assembly 1221

The Secretary-General 1222

Peacekeeping and observer missions 1224

The collective security system 1235

The Security Council 1236

Determination of the situation 1236

Chapter VII measures 1241

The use of force in non-enforcement situations 1 257

The range of UN actions from humanitarian assistance to enforcement – conclusions 1266

The Security Council, international law and the International

Court of Justice 1268

The role of the General Assembly 1271

The UN and regional arrangements and agencies 1273

23 International institutions 1282

Introduction 1282

A brief survey of international institutions 1284

Institutions of a universal character 1284

Regional institutions 1287

The American continent 1291

The Arab League 1292

Some legal aspects of international organisations 1295

Personality 1296

The constituent instruments 1303

The powers of international institutions 1306

The applicable law 1309

The responsibility of international institutions 1310

Liability of member states 1314

The accountability of international institutions 1317

Privileges and immunities 1318

Dissolution 1329

Succession 1330

Some useful international law websites 1332

Index 1342

The fifth edition of this book that appeared in 2003 has been extensivelyrevised To mark the growing importance of the international prosecu-tion of alleged war criminals and others accused of egregious crimes, anew chapter on Individual Criminal Responsibility in International Lawhas been introduced The chapter on Air and Space Law has had to beremoved, with the section on Outer Space being moved to the chapter

on Territory The increasing significance of the International Court ofJustice is recognised by devoting a separate chapter to it The section onthe International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea has been moved to thechapter on the Law of the Sea The other chapters in the book have beenre-examined, updated and, where necessary, rewritten I have also beenable to correct some errors I am particularly delighted that the bookhas been translated into, among other languages, Chinese, Polish, Hun-garian and Portuguese and I am very grateful for the work of all thoseinvolved

I would especially like to thank Sinead Moloney of CambridgeUniversity Press for her encouragement, assistance and above all patience.Particular gratitude is owed to Merel Alstein for her meticulous researchassistance and for updating the web reference section I am, once again,very grateful to Diane Ilott for her careful and thorough copy-editing and

to Maureen MacGlashan for so carefully preparing the index and tablesrespectively A debt remains to Sir Elihu Lauterpacht QC for his encour-agement in the early development of this work I also remain grateful to

my many colleagues from many countries for their advice and agement, while reassuring them that all responsibility for the end productrests squarely with me

encour-xxi

As ever, the real and deepest thanks are due to my wife Judith and

my children, Talia, Ilan and Daniella They have borne the brunt of mytravails over the years and endured the inevitable pressures and have done

so in a caring and loving manner Their support remains the indispensablefoundation of this work

Malcolm N Shaw QC

Faculty of Law University of Leicester Spring 2008

Note: Figures in square brackets refer to volume and page of the Annual Digest/International Law Reports where cited cases are reproduced ‘Et al.’

reflects the fact that the Annual Digest practice was to reproduce reports

in sections according to subject matter so that reports are liable to bedistributed throughout a volume

I◦Congreso Del Partido [64 ILR 154] 145 n72, 699 n699, 707, 710–13,

714, 719, 735 n205

A v B 1323 n184

A Ahlstr¨om Oy v Commission: see Woodpulp Cases (Ahlstr¨om

Osakeyhti¨o and Others v Commission (In re Wood Pulp Cartel)

(Joined Cases 89/85, 104/85, 114/85, 116–17/85 and 125–9/85)) [96ILR 148]

A and B v State of Israel 166 n190, 1174 n33

A Company Ltd v Republic of X [87 ILR 412] 740 n237, 743, 748 n280,771–2

A (FC) v Secretary of State for the Home Department 150, 153 n119

A Limited v B Bank and Bank of X [111 ILR 590] 182

A and Others v Secretary of State for the Home Department 140 n50

AA v Azerbaijan 329 n351

Aaland Islands case 200–1, 251–2, 489 n12, 539–40, 969

Abbasi and Juma case [123 ILR 599; 126 ILR 685] 130, 181 n269, 182n276, 187, 188, 811 n212, 812

Abbott v Republic of South Africa (Decision No 107/92) [113 ILR 411]

707, 746 n263, 747–8

Abu Dhabi Arbitration (Petroleum Development Limited/Sheikh of AbuDhabi) [18 ILR 144] 105 n146, 585 n144

Re Accession of the European Community to the Convention for the

Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (Opinion2/94) [108 ILR 225] 369

xxiii

Acquisition of Polish Nationality (Series B, No 7) [2 AD 292] 1004 n249Adams v Adams [52 ILR 45] 478, 479 n135

Ex parte Adan 185

ADM Milling Company v Republic of Bolivia [63 ILR 56] 721

Administration des Chemins de Fer du Gouvernement Iranien v Soci´et`aLevant Express Transport [52 ILR 315] 707 n52

Administration des Douanes v Soci´et´e Caf´es Jacques Vabre and Weigel

et Compagnie [93 ILR 240] 174

Administrative Tribunal case: see United Nations Administrative

Tribunal, Effect of Awards of Compensation [21 ILR 310]; UnitedNations Administrative Tribunal, Review of Judgment

Advocaten voor de Wereld v Leden van de Ministerraad (judgment of

Aerial Incident (USA v USSR) case 1076 n132

Aerotrade Inc and Aerotrade International Inc v Republic of Haiti [63ILR 41] 723

Affo and Another v Commander Israel Defence Force in the West Bank(HC 785/87); Rafia and Another v Commander Israel DefenceForce in the Gaza Strip and Another (HC 845/87); Hindi v

Commander Israel Defence Force in the Judea and Samaria Region(HC 27/88) [83 ILR 121] 166 n190

Afouneh v Attorney-General (Palestine) [10 AD 327] 681

AFRC case 420

Agassi v Robinson (Inspector of Taxes) 653 n37

Agbor v Metropolitan Police Commissioner [52 ILR 382] 765 n374AGIP Spa v People’s Republic of the Congo [67 ILR 318] 831 n311, 833n323, 836 n342, 1042 n194

Ex parte Ahmed and Patel 151

Ahmend Ali Al-Kateb v Goodwin 168 n204, 170

AIC Ltd v Nigeria [129 ILR 571] 720, 745

AIG v Iran [84 ILR 645] 192 n348, 831, 837 n350

AIG Capital Partners Inc v Kazakhstan 745

Air India v Wiggins [77 ILR 276] 688 n217

Air Services Agreement of 27 March 1946 case (United States/France)[54 ILR 303] 794 n93, 795, 949 n214

The Akademik Fyodorov [131 ILR 460] 742, 746

Akayesu case (ICTR-96-4-T) 409, 431, 432, 438

Al-Rawi case: see R (Al-Rawi) v Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs

Al Sabah v Grupo Torras SA 653 n37

Al-Skeini v Secretary of State for Defence [133 ILR 693] 138 n41, 153n119, 653 nn33 and 37, 663 n72, 1183 n79

Alabama Claims 111, 135, 941, 1048

Alamieyeseigha v CPS 734

Alcom Ltd v Republic of Colombia [74 ILR 170] 707, 718 n111, 719,746–7, 762

Alconbury case: see R (on the Application of Alconbury Ltd) v Secretary

of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions

Alejandre v Republic of Cuba and the Cuban Air Force [121 ILR 603]

126 n238, 715 n95

Alem´an Lacayo v Nicaragua 387

Alfred Dunhill of London Inc v Republic of Cuba et al [66 ILR 212]

192, 705, 722–3

Re Alien Children Education Litigation 160 n161

Aloeboetoe v Suriname 801 n150

Alvarez et al v Colombia 387 n247

Alvarez-Machain case [95 ILR 355] 147 n88, 160–1, 681–2, 685, 686Amalgamated Metal Trading v Department of Trade and Industry180

Ambatielos Claim (Greece v United Kingdom) [23 ILR 306, 24 ILR 291]

273, 820, 936, 946, 1051 n253, 1056

Ambatielos Claim (Greece v United Kingdom) (Preliminary

Objections) [19 ILR 416] 1081

AMCO v Republic of Indonesia [89 ILR 366] 100 n116, 101 n124, 103,

107 n157, 825, 828, 836, 1042

Amerada Hess Shipping Corporation v Argentine Republic [79 ILR 1]

160 n160, 685

American Insurance Association v Garamendi 189

Aminoil case (Government of Kuwait and American Independent OilCompany) [66 ILR 518] 802 n155, 804 n166, 829 n298, 834,835

Amoco International Finance Corporation v Islamic Republic of Iran(Case No 56) [83 ILR 500] 837

Amoco Overseas Oil Company and Amoco Transport Company v.Compagnie Nationale Alg´erienne de Navigation and T/S Amenas[63 ILR 252] 721 n131

AN International Bank Plc v Republic of Zambia and Others [118 ILR602] 749 n285

Anderson v NV Transandine Handelmaatschappij et al [10 AD 10] 194

n359

Anderson case: see R v Home Secretary, ex parte Anderson

Anglo-French Continental Shelf case (First Decision) [54 ILR 6] 107n161, 111 n182, 556 n9, 593, 594 n198, 595, 600, 601 n241, 603nn257 and 259, 606, 638 n425, 916, 920–1, 938, 1054–5

Anglo-Iranian Oil Company case (Interim Measures) [19 ILR 501] 901,1094

Anglo-Iranian Oil Company case (Preliminary Objection) [19 ILR 507]

Applicability of Article VI, Section 22, of the Convention on the

Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations [85 ILR 300] 1325Applicability of the Obligation to Arbitrate under Section 21 of theUnited Nations Headquarters Agreement of 26 June 1947 [82 ILR225] 135, 165, 941 n182, 1068, 1113 n357, 1311, 1320

Application for Arrest Warrant Against General Shaul Mofaz 740 n235Aquarone case 174 n236

Arab Monetary Fund v Hashim and Others (No 3) [83 ILR 243, 85 ILR1] 479 n139, 1301–2

The Arantzazu Mendi [9 AD 60] 474, 481

Arbitral Award of 31 July 1989, Case concerning (Guinea-Bissau v.Senegal) (Request for Indication of Provisional Measures andJudgment) [92 ILR 1] 1093 n238, 1094 nn243 and 244

Arbitral Award Made by the King of Spain on 23 December 1906 case(Honduras v Nicaragua) [30.457] 518 n177, 939 n175, 1053 n268,1054

Argentina (Republic of) and Others v Weltover Inc and Others [100ILR 509] 722, 724

Argentina/Chile Frontier case (Palena) [38 ILR 10] 496, 509, 515 n156,

531, 934 n149, 939 n175, 1051 n252, 1055

Argentine Airlines v Ross [63 ILR 195] 721

Re Argoud [45 ILR 90] 681

Arkansas v Tennessee [9 AD 112] 498

Armament Dieppe SA v United States 557 n16

Armando Dos Santos case 425

Armed Actions case: see Nicaragua v Honduras (Border and

Transborder Armed Actions) [84 ILR 218]

Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Congo v Uganda)

(Request for Provisional Measures): see Congo v Uganda

Arrest Warrant case: see Congo v Belgium (Arrest Warrant case)

Artico case [60 ILR 182] 349, 938

Artukovic v Rison (In the Matter of the Extradition of Artukovic) [79ILR 383] 960 n15

AS & DD (Libya) v Secretary of State for the Home Department 906 n23Ashby case 320

Asociacion de Reclamantes v United Mexican States [84 ILR 87] 700Assanidze v Georgia 350 n24

Associated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd v Wednesbury Corp 692 n245Association of Lawyers for Peace and Four Other Organizations v.Netherlands 164 n178

Association SOS Attentats v France 736

Asylum case (Colombia v Peru) (Haya de la Torre case) (Judgment) [17ILR 280] 76–7, 78, 83, 86 n54, 90 n74, 92, 488, 758–9

Asylum case (Colombia v Peru) (Haya de la Torre case) (Request forInterpretation) [17 ILR 339] 1067 n66, 1105

Asylum case (Colombia v Peru) (Haya de la Torre case)

(Implementation of Judgment) [18 ILR 349] 1065, 1098

Athens Maritime Enterprises Corporation v Hellenic Mutual War RisksAssociation (Bermuda) Limited [78 ILR 563] 615 n323

Attorney-General (Canada) v Attorney-General for Ontario [8 AD 41]

151 n106, 166–7, 220

Attorney-General (England) v Associated Newspapers Ltd 154 n124Attorney-General (England), Reference (No 1 of 1982) 695 n261Attorney-General (Fiji) v Robt Jones House Ltd [80 ILR 1] 459

Attorney-General (New Zealand) v Ortiz and Others [78 ILR 591] 650Attorney-General (New Zealand) v Zaoui 167 n197

Auditing of Accounts between the Netherlands and France 852, 883n214, 933 n142

Australia and New Zealand Banking Group v Commonwealth ofAustralia 701 n18, 719–20, 721

Avena (Mexico v USA) (Provisional Measures) [134 ILR 120] 130,135–6, 159, 164 n178, 221, 773 n432, 774, 800 n142, 1091 n227,

1093 n238, 1094, 1095 n249, 1101 n292, 1103 nn302 and 305

In the matter of AY Bank Ltd 185, 988 n168

Azazh Kebbeda Tesema and Others v Italian Government [9 AD 93] 467Azinian v United Mexican States [121 ILR 1] 789 n62

Aziz v Republic of Yemen 740

Baboeram-Adhin and Others v Suriname (Communication Nos.146/1983 and 148–154/1983) [94 ILR 377] 274 n48

Baccus SRL v Servicio Nacional del Trigo [23 ILR 160] 703, 729–30, 731Bagilishima case (ICTR-95-1A-T) 432

Baker v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) 169 n211Baker v Carr 189, 190–1

Bancoult v McNamara 190

Bancoult case 188

Bandes v Harlow and Jones Inc.; Harlow and Jones Inc v Bandes andAlvarez [92 ILR 468] 192

Bank of Hawaii v Balos 225 n140

Bankovi´c v Belgium and Others (Application No 52207/99)

(Admissibility) [123 ILR 94] 349, 350, 653, 1185 n88

Barbados v Trinidad 592, 601 n245, 605, 606, 636 n410, 1016 n24, 1055Barbie [78 ILR 124, 100 ILR 330] 174 n236, 670, 671

Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company Ltd, Case concerning(New Application, 1962) (Belgium v Spain) (Second Phase) [46ILR 178] 105, 107, 124, 137, 250, 800, 811, 816–17, 818, 841 n369,

982, 1081, 1147 n149

Barrandon v United States [113 ILR 464, 116 ILR 622] 726–7

Baˇsi´c et al v Republika Srpska 380 n212

BCCI (In Liquidation) v Price Waterhouse (A Firm) and Others [111ILR 604] 734

Beagle Channel Arbitration (Argentina/Chile) [52 ILR 93] 111 n182,

Behring Sea Arbitration 1048, 1092 n232

Beit Sourik v Government of Israel [129 ILR 189] 1182

Belgian Linguistics case [45 ILR 114] 288, 348 n14, 355

Belgium v Nicod and Another [82 ILR 124] 755 n316

Belgium (Government) v Postlethwaite 687 n211

Belgium/Netherlands Frontier case [27 ILR 62] 1075 n127

Belilos v Switzerland [88 ILR 635] 916–17, 922

Bena¨ım c Procureur de la R´epublique de Bordeaux 216 n97

Benin/Niger 137 n35, 510, 515 n153, 531, 542, 1063

Benvenuti and Bonfant Srl v Government of the People’s Republic of theCongo [65 ILR 88, 67 ILR 345] 831 n311, 836 n340, 1042 n194Bergman v de Siey`es [14 AD 150] 769 n403

Berizzi Brothers Company v SS Pesaro [3 AD 186] 703

Berry case 321

Beth El Mission v Minister of Social Welfare (Israel) [47 ILR 205] 280

Bhajan Singh case: see R v Home Secretary, ex parte Bhajan Singh [61

ILR 260]

Biloune and Marine Drive Complex Ltd v Ghana Investments Centreand the Government of Ghana [95 ILR 183] 831–2, 836 n343Birch Shipping Corporation v Embassy of the United Republic ofTanzania [63 ILR 524] 747

Blagojevi´c case (IT-02-60-A) 433 n199, 443 n229

Blaˇski´c case (IT-95-14-T) [122 ILR 1] 437

Blathwayte v Baron Cawley 154, 186 n306

B.M 173

Re Bo Xilai 775 n444

Board of Trade v Owen 655

Boffolo case 826

Bolivian Railway Company case 792 n76

Boos, Waller and Brooker v Barry and Others [121 ILR 499] 7, 157,754–5, 764

Border and Transborder Armed Actions case: see Nicaragua v Honduras

(Border and Transborder Armed Actions) [84 ILR 218]

Bosphorus Airways v Ireland 351 n27, 788 n56, 1317 n161

Botswana/Namibia case 496 n49, 497, 499 n61, 504–5, 513, 531, 933n142, 934

Braka v Nacional Financiera 722

Brannigan and McBride v UK 356, 358 n79

Branno v Ministry of War [22 ILR 756] 1300 n74, 1319 n165

Brazilian Embassy Employee case (Case No 706) [116 ILR 625] 173, 727Brazilian Federal Loans case [5 AD 466] 136 n32, 796 n107

Brcko Inter-Entity Boundary case 105, 470

Brdjanin case (IT-99-36-T) 433

Breard v Greene; Republic of Paraguay et al v Gilmore et al.; Re Breard; Republic of Paraguay et al v Gilmore III et al [118 ILR 22] 130,

164 n179, 165–6

Ex parte Brind [84 ILR 754, 85 ILR 29] 150 n98, 153 n119, 154 n124, 168

British Airways Board v Laker Airways Ltd and Another [74 ILR 36]

Caf´e Jaques Vabre case [93 ILR 240] 174

Caglar v Billingham (Inspector of Taxes) and Related Appeals [108 ILR510] 236 n203, 478–9

Caire case [5 AD 146 et al.] 783, 788, 789 n64

Callejo v Bancomer SA [84 ILR 106] 722

Calley v Calloway 669

Camacho v Rogers 163 n178

Cameroon v Nigeria (Case concerning the Land and Maritime

Boundary Between Cameroon and Nigeria) (Countermeasures:Order of 30 June 1999) 1097, 1100

Cameroon v Nigeria (Case concerning the Land and Maritime

Boundary Between Cameroon and Nigeria) (Judgment) (2002) 89n63, 108 n165, 122 n217, 134, 216–17, 224, 496 n45, 497 nn50 and

52, 508, 515 n154, 519 n183, 520, 524 n207, 601 n245, 604–5, 606,

607, 907 n27, 908, 909 n35, 910 n43, 934, 940–1, 1016 n29, 1075n128, 1078, 1103, 1114

Cameroon v Nigeria (Case concerning the Land and Maritime

Boundary Between Cameroon and Nigeria) (Preliminary

Objections) (1998) 103, 104, 110–11, 516, 519 n180, 1016, 1066,

1070, 1075 n122, 1082, 1087 n200

Cameroon v Nigeria (Case concerning the Land and Maritime

Boundary Between Cameroon and Nigeria) (Provisional Measures)(1996) [106 ILR 144] 1066, 1070 n91, 1093–4, 1095

Cameroon v Nigeria (Case concerning the Land and Maritime

Boundary Between Cameroon and Nigeria) (Request for

Interpretation) (1999) 1105

The Camouco (Panama v France) [125 ILR 164] 642

Campbell and Cosans case (Merits) [67 ILR 480] 355

Can and Others v United States [107 ILR 255] 190, 191

Canada v Cargnello (Decision No 4017/1998) [114 ILR 559] 173 n228,

726 n157

Canada v Edelson [131 ILR 279] 755 n314

Canepa v Canada 320

Canevaro case 815 nn233 and 235

Carbonar v Magurno (Decision No 9675/1993) [114 ILR 534] 727Carey and New England Petroleum Corporation v National Oil

Corporation and the Libyan Arab Republic [63 ILR 164, 63 ILR232] 732

Carl Zeiss Stiftung v Rayner and Keeler Limited (No 2) [43 ILR 23] 445,477–8, 480–1, 482

The Caroline 1131, 1139–40, 1145

Cassell v Broome 154

Castillo P´aez v Peru [116 ILR 451] 390 n266

Castro and Others v Saudi Arabia [63 ILR 419] 723

ˇ

Celebi´ci case (IT-96-21) 443 n229

Centre for Industrial Development v Naidu [115 ILR 424] 746

Cerrutti arbitrations 1053 n265

Certain Expenses of the United Nations (Article 17, paragraph 2, of theCharter) [34 ILR 281] 8, 937, 1065 n55, 1066 n57, 1113 n357, 1114,1272–3, 1295, 1304, 1307

Certain German Interests in Polish Upper Silesia case [3 AD 5 et al.] 101

n120, 103 n136, 137, 806, 824, 833, 911, 1002

Certain Phosphate Lands in Nauru (Nauru v Australia) (PreliminaryObjections) [97 ILR 1] 224 nn135 and 136

Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products case 1038

CGM Industrial (Pty) Ltd and Others v KPMG and Others [121 ILR472] 707 n52

Chahal v United Kingdom [108 ILR 385] 358

Chamizal Arbitration 499 n61, 505–6, 531, 1053 n265

Champagnie case 321

Chandler v Director of Public Prosecutions (England) 181 n269

Channel Tunnel case: see Eurotunnel case (Partial Award); R on the

Application of Channel Tunnel Group Ltd and France-Manch SA v.Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions[119 ILR 398]

Chattin case [4 AD 248] 824 nn273 and 275

Cheney v Conn [41 ILR 421] 151 n106

Chierici and Rosa v Ministry of the Merchant Navy and Harbour Office

Chow Hung Ching and Si Pao Kung v R [15 AD 147] 167

Christian v The Queen [130 ILR 696] 181 n270, 499

Chrysostomos v Turkey 355 n52

Chuan Pu Andrew Wang and Others v Office of the Federal Prosecutor(Switzerland) 448 n16

Chumbipuma Aguirre v Peru (Barrios Altos case) 272 n35, 390

Chung Chi Cheung v R [9 AD 264] 143–4, 145

Chung Kheng Lin v Minister for Immigration (Australia) 168 n203City of Berne v The Bank of England 472

Civil Aeronautics Administration v Singapore Airlines Ltd [133 ILR371] 464

Civil Air Transport Inc v Central Air Transport Corporation [19 ILR85] 463, 476–7, 485

Clark (Inspector of Taxes) v Oceanic Contractors Inc 553 n37

Clerget v Banque Commerciale pour l’Europe du Nord and Others [65ILR 54] 463

Clipperton Island Award (France and Mexico) [6 AD 105] 511 n130, 512CME Czech Republic BV v Czech Republic 802 n150, 805 n172, 832n312

CND v Prime Minister of the UK and Others 180, 181 n269, 184, 185Coard v USA [123 ILR 156] 1197

Coe (On Behalf of the Wiradjuri Tribe) v Commonwealth of Australiaand Another [118 ILR 322] 168 n201

Colombia–Venezuela Boundary Arbitration [1 AD 84, 1 AD 371] 526,968

Comercial F SA v Council of Ministers (Case No 516) [88 ILR 691] 810Commercial and Estates Company of Egypt v Board of Trade [2 AD 11,

Compa˜n´ıa de Aguas del Aconquija v Argentina 136 n29

Re Competence of Conciliation Commission [22 ILR 867] 1052 n261

Competence of the European Community to Conclude InternationalAgreements Concerning Services and the Protection of IntellectualProperty (Opinion 1/94) [105 ILR 75] 242

Competence of the General Assembly for the Admission of a State to theUnited Nations [17 ILR 326] 933, 937 n165, 1210 n27, 1306Compulsory Membership in an Association Prescribed by Law for thePractice of Journalism (Articles 13 and 29 American Convention

on Human Rights) (Advisory Opinion OC-5/85) [75 ILR 30]: see

Licensing of Journalists case

Conditions for Admission of a State to Membership of the UnitedNations [15 AD 333] 464, 1113 n357, 1210 n27, 1268, 1295

Condor and Filvem v Minister of Justice (Italy) (Case No 329) [101 ILR394] 743, 747

Congo v Belgium (Arrest Warrant case) [128 ILR 60] 82, 112, 397 n4,

1153, 1177, 1180, 1181, 1270

Consortium X v Swiss Federal Government 1322 n180

Constitutional Court case 387 n247

Construction of a Wall case [129 ILR 37] 83, 88, 107, 110, 255, 276, 322,

Cook v United States (The Mazel Tov) [6 AD 3] 158, 164

Coreck Maritime GmbH v Sevrybokholodflot [107 ILR 658] 961 n22Corfu Channel case (United Kingdom v Albania) (Merits) [16 AD 155]

101, 107 n156, 109 n170, 213–14, 280 n81, 575–6, 610, 781 n20,784–6, 806, 852, 854, 863, 936 n162, 1073, 1077–8, 1089 nn208 and

215, 1092, 1104, 1127, 1148, 1187 n105, 1221

Corfu Channel case (United Kingdom v Albania) (Preliminary

Objection) [15 AD 349] 1076–7

Cornejo v County of San Diego 159 n155

Corporacion Venezolana de Fomento v Vintero Sales Corporation et al.

Croatia et al v Girocredit Bank AG der Sparkassen 991 n190

Crotty v An Taoiseach and Others [93 ILR 480] 170 n217

Currie case 321

Cutting case 664–5

Cyprus v Turkey (Application No 25781/94) [120 ILR 10] 236, 350,

354, 355 n56, 356, 357, 358, 469–70, 478 n133, 782, 790 n70Cyprus v Turkey, Decisions on the Admissibility of the Applications(Nos 6780/74, 6950/75, 8007/77) [62 ILR 4] 274 n49, 354

Cyprus v Turkey (First and Second Applications) 1197

Cyprus v Turkey (Third Application) 354

Cyprus cases (Greece v UK) 354

Cyprus cases (Greece v UK) (Second Case) 273, 274 n49

The Cysne (Portugal v Germany) [5 AD 150 et al.] 794 n92

Czarnikow Ltd v Rolimpex [64 ILR 195, 64 ILR 204] 731

Dames & Moore v Regan [72 ILR 270] 162 n171, 708 n56

Danzig Railway Officials case (Jurisdiction of the Courts of Danzig) [4

AD 281, 4 AD 287] 259

Daventree Ltd v Azerbaijan 192 n351

Davy case 787 n53

De Andrade v De Andrade [118 ILR 299] 766 n382, 767 n383

De Becker v Belgium (No 214/56) (Admissibility) [25 ILR 172] 355

De Haber v Queen of Portugal 702 n19

De Queiroz v State of Portugal [115 ILR 430] 727

De Sanchez v Banco Central de Nicaragua and Others [88 ILR 75] 160n163, 711, 828

Definition of Other Treaties Subject to the Interpretation of the

Inter-American Court 388

Delagoa Bay case 505 n92

Delali´c case (IT-96-21) 326

Delgamuukw and Others v The Queen in Right of British Columbiaand Others; First Nations Summit and Others, Interveners [115ILR 446] 298 n180

Dellums v Bush [87 ILR 684] 190 n331

Demjanjuk v Petrovsky [79 ILR 534] 671 n120

Deputy Registrar case [94 ILR 308] 766

Derbyshire County Council v Times Newspapers Ltd 154 n124

Deutsche Continental Gas-Gesellschaft v Polish State [5 AD 11] 200n19, 448

Diallo (Guinea v Democratic Republic of the Congo) 809, 817–18, 819n250, 820 n253, 1071 n100

Dickinson v Del Solar; Mobile and General Insurance Company Ltd(Third Party) [5 AD 299] 766

Diergaardt et al v New Zealand 292 n155

Dietrich v The Queen 168 n201

Diggs v Dent 164

Diggs v Schultz [60 ILR 393] 164

Director of Public Prosecutions v Doot and Others [57 ILR 117] 654Director of Public Prosecutions v Stonehouse [73 ILR 252] 655

Distomo Massacre case (Prefecture of Voiotia v Germany) [129 ILR556] 728, 1178 n56

Re Ditfort, ex parte Deputy Commissioner of Taxation [87 ILR 170]

Dralle v Republic of Czechoslovakia [17 ILR 155] 704–5

Drozd and Janousek v France and Spain 274 n49, 349

Dubai Bank v Galadari 187

Dubai/Sharjah Border Arbitration [91 ILR 543] 491, 498, 510 n128, 514n147, 522, 558, 591, 1049 n233, 1052 n257

Duc de Guise Claim [18 ILR 423] 787 n53

Re Duchy of Sealand [80 ILR 683] 199 n16

Dudgeon case (Merits) [67 ILR 395] 355 n55, 357 n74

Duke of Brunswick v King of Hanover 182 n274, 702

Dumont v State of Amazonas [15 AD 140] 733

Durmic v Serbia and Montenegro 313 n257

Eain v Wilkes [79 ILR 439] 687 n211

East Timor case (Portugal v Australia) [105 ILR 226] 88, 114 n193, 124n232, 255, 257, 1067 nn69 and 70, 1068, 1088 n202, 1114 n362,

1219 n76

East Timor (Democratic Republic of), Fretilin and Others v State(Netherlands) [87 ILR 73] 449

Eastern Carelia case [2 AD 394] 1051 n253, 1109–11

Eastern Greenland (Legal Status of) (Denmark v Norway) [6 AD 95, 6

AD 428, 6 AD 430] 103 n133, 491, 505 n18, 509 n115, 511, 512–13,

516 n160, 517, 518, 521 n194, 524 n209, 535, 905 n18, 938, 940n178

Eastern Treaties Constitutionality case [73 ILR 691, 78 ILR 176] 172n224

Eckhardt v Eurocontrol (No 2) [94 ILR 331] 1321 n176

Eckle case (Merits) [68 ILR 48] 355

Ecuador (Republic of) v Occidental Exploration and Production Co.185

Edye v Robertson 163

EEOR: see Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOR) v.

Arabian American Oil Company and Aramco Services; Ali Boursan

v Arabian American Oil Company and Aramco Services [90 ILR617]

Effect of Awards case: see United Nations Administrative Tribunal, Effect

of Awards of Compensation [21 ILR 310]

Effect of Reservations on the Entry into Force of the American

Convention (Articles 74 and 75) (OC-2/82) [67 ILR 559] 925 n106,

937 n167, 982 n138

Egypt (Arab Republic of) v Gamal-Eldin [104 ILR 673] 725

Egyptian Workers’ Claims (Report, Final Report and Recommendationsmade by the Panel of Commissioners) [117 ILR 195] 1046 nn214and 217, 1047 n221

Eichmann case [36 ILR 5] 166, 214, 433, 651, 664 n77, 669 n102, 671–2,680

El Salvador v Nicaragua 563

El Salvador/Honduras (Land, Island and Maritime Frontier Dispute)[97 ILR 112, 97 ILR 266] 89 n66, 92 n82, 109 n169, 154, 229–30,