TEST 1 PASSAGE 1 It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important Education is much more open ended and all inclusive than schooling Education knows no bounds It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or on the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor It includes bot.
Trang 1TEST 1
PASSAGE 1
It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go
to get an education Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school The distinction between
schooling and education implied by this remark is important
Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling
Education knows no bounds It can take place anywhere, whether in the
shower or on the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor It includes boththe formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe ofinformal learning The agents of education can range from a reveredgrandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to adistinguished scientist Where as schooling has a certain predictability,
education quite often produces surprises A chance conversation with a
stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of otherreligions People are engaged in education from infancy on Education,then, is a very broad, inclusive term It is a lifelong process, a process that
starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral
part of one's entire life
Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whosegeneral pattern varies little from one setting to the next Throughout acountry, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, takeassigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework,take exams, and so on The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether
they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government,
have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught
For example, high school students know that they are not likely to find out
in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or
Trang 2what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with There are definiteconditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.
1 What is the main idea of the passage?
A The best school teach a wide variety of subjects.
B Education and schooling are quite different experiences
C Students benefit from schools, which require long hours and homework.
D The more years students go to school, the better their education is
2 What does the author probably mean by using the expression children interrupt their education to go to school (line 3)?
A Going to several different schools is educationally beneficial
B School vacations interrupt the continuity of the school year
C Summer school makes the school year too long
D All of life is an education
3 The word bounds in line 6 is closest in meaning to
A rules B Experience C Limits D exceptions
4 The word chance in line 12 is closest in meaning to
A unplanned B unusual C lengthy D lively
5 The word an integral in line 16 is closest in meaning to
A an equitable B a profitable C a pleasant D anessential
6 The word they in line 21 refers to
A slices of reality B similar textbooks C boundaries D seats
7 The phrase For example, line 23 introduces a sentence that gives
examples of
A similar textbooks
B the results of schooling
C the workings of a government
D the boundaries of classroom
subjects
8 The passage supports which of the following conclusions?
A Without formal education, people would remain ignorant
Trang 3B Education systems need to be radically reformed
C Going to school is only part of how people become educated
D Education involves many years of professional training.
9 The passage is organized by
A listing and discussing several educational problems
B contrasting the meanings of two related words
C narrating a story about excellent teacher
D giving examples of different kinds of schools
10 The writer seems to agree that
A.schooling is more important
Trang 4Giống như sợi quang học đã biến đổi thông tin liên lạc, chúng cũng đangcách mạng hóa y học Những sợi siêu mỏng, linh hoạt này đã mở ra mộtcửa sổ vào các mô sống của cơ thể Bằng cách chèn các sợi quang học quacác lỗhở tự nhiên hoặc các vết rạch nhỏ và luồn chúng dọc theo các đườngdẫn được thiết lập của cơ thể, các bác sĩ có thể nhìn vào phổi, ruột, tim vàcác khu vực khác mà trước đây chúng không thể tiếp cận được.
The basic fiber-optics system is called a fiberscope (n) [ˈfaɪ.bə skəʊp](kính sợi quang), which consists of two bundles (n) [ˈbʌndl] (bó) of fibers.One, the illuminating (adj) [ɪˈluːmɪneɪtɪŋ] (Chiếu sáng) bundle, carries light
to the tissues It is coupled (v) [ˈkʌpld] (được kết hợp) to a high-intensity(adj) [haɪɪˈluːmɪneɪtɪŋ] (cường độ cao) light source (n) [sɔːs] (nguồn) Lightenters the cores (n) [kɔː(r)] (lõi) of the high-punity (adj) [haɪ ˈpjuːnəti] (độbền cao) silicon(n) [ˈsɪlɪkən] (silicon) glass and travels along the fibers Alens (n) [lenz] (thấu kính) at the end of the bundle collects the light andfocuses (v) [fəʊkəsɪz] (hội tụ) it into the other bundle, the imaging bundle.Each fiber in the bundle transmits [trænzˈmɪt] (truyền) only a tiny (adj)[ˈtaɪni] (nhỏ xíu) fraction (n) [ˈfrækʃn] (Phần nhỏ) of the total (adj) [ˈtəʊtl](Toàn bộ) image (n) [ˈɪmɪdʒ] (Hình ảnh) The reconstructed (v) [riːkənˈstrʌktɪd] (dựng lại) image can be viewed through an eyepiece (n) [ˈaɪpiːs](thị kính) or displayed (v) [dɪˈspleɪ] (hiển thị) on a television screen (n)[skriːn] (màn hình) During the last five years, improved methods (n)[ˈmeθɪn]əd] (phương pháp) of fabricating (v) [ˈfæbrɪkeɪtɪŋ] (chế tạo) opticalfibers have led to a reduction (n) [rɪˈdʌkʃn] (giảm) in fiberscopediameter(n) [daɪˈæmɪtə] (đường kính) and an increase in the number offibers, which in tum (n) [tʌm] (dạ dày) has increased resolution (n) [rezəˈluːʃn] (độ phân giải)
Hệ thống sợi quang cơ bản được gọi là kính sợi, bao gồm hai bó sợi Một,
bó chiếu sáng, mang ánh sáng đến các mô Nó được kết hợp với một nguồnsáng cường độ cao Ánh sáng đi vào lõi của thủy tinh silicon có độ bền cao
Trang 5và truyền dọc theo các sợi Một thấu kính ở cuối gói thu thập ánh sáng vàhội tụ ánh sáng vào gói còn lại, gói hình ảnh Mỗi sợi trong bó chỉ truyềnmột phần nhỏ trong tổng số hình ảnh Hình ảnh được dựng lại có thể đượcxem qua thị kính hoặc hiển thị trên màn hình tivi Trong năm năm qua, cácphương pháp chế tạo sợi quang học được cải tiến đã dẫn đến việc giảmđường kính ống soi và tăng số lượng sợi, điều này làm tăng độ phân giảitrong dạ dày.
Optical fibers can also be used to deliver (v) [dɪˈlɪvə] (phóng ra) laser light
By use of laser beams (n) [biːm] (chùm), physicians can perform (v)[pəˈfɔːm] (tiến hành) surgery (n) [ˈsɜːdʒəri] (phẫu thuật) inside the body,sometimes eliminating (v) [ɪˈlɪmɪneɪtɪŋ] (loại bỏ) the need for invasive (adj)[ɪnˈveɪsɪv] (xâm lấn) procedures (n) [prəˈsiːdʒə] (thủ thuật) in whichhealthy tissue must be cut through to reach the site of discase Many ofthese procedures do not require (v) [rɪˈkwaɪə(r)] (cần đến) anesthesia (n)[ˌænəsˈθɪn]iːziə] (gây mê) and can be performed in a physician's office Thesetechniques (n) [tekˈniːk] (kĩ thuật) have reduced the risk (n) [rɪsk] (rủi ro)and the cost of medical care
Sợi quang học cũng có thể được sử dụng để phóng ra ánh sáng laser Bằngcách sử dụng chùm tia laser, bác sĩ có thể tiến hành phẫu thuật bên trong cơthể, đôi khi loại bỏ sự cần thiết của các thủ thuật xâm lấn, trong đó các môkhỏe mạnh phải được cắt qua để tiếp cận vị trí bị thoái hóa Nhiều thủ thuậttrong số này không cần gây mê và có thể được thực hiện tại phòng khámcủa bác sĩ Những kỹ thuật này đã làm giảm rủi ro và chi phí chăm sóc y tế.WORDS PRONOUNCE MEANING
optical fibers (n) /ˈɒp.tɪ.kl ˈfaɪ.bə/ Sợi quang
transformed (v) /trænsˈfɔːrm/ Biến đổi
Revolutionizing (v) /rev.əˈluː.ʃən.aɪzɪŋ/ Cách mạng hóa
Medicine (n) /ˈmed.ɪ.sən/ Y học
ultra-thin (adj) ˈʌltrə θɪn]ɪn Siêu mỏng
Trang 6Flexible (adj) ˈfleksəbl Linh hoạt
Tissue (n) ˈtɪʃuː Mô (tế bào)
Incisions (n) ɪnˈsɪʒn Vết rạch
Threading (v) ˈθɪn]redɪŋ Luồng qua
Established (adj) ɪˈstæblɪʃt Thiết lập
Pathway (n) ˈpɑːθɪn]weɪ đường nhỏ
Physician (n) fɪˈzɪʃn Bác sĩ
Lung (n) lʌŋ Phổi
Intestines (n) ɪnˈtestɪn Ruột
Inaccessible (adj) ɪnækˈsesəbl Không thể tiếp cậnFiberscope (n) ˈfaɪ.bə skəʊp Kính sợi quang
total (adj) ˈtəʊtl Toàn bộ
Reconstruct (v) riːkənˈstrʌkt Dựng lại
Image (n) ˈɪmɪdʒ Hình ảnh
Eyepiece (n) ˈaɪpiːs Thị kính, kính mắt
Display (v) dɪˈspleɪ Hiển thị
Trang 7Screen (n) skriːn Màn hình
Improve (v) ɪmˈpruːv Cải tiến
Method (n) ˈmeθɪn]əd Phương pháp
Fabricating (v) ˈfæbrɪkeɪtɪŋ Chế tạo
Surgery (n) ˈsɜːdʒəri Phẫu thuật
Eliminate (v) ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt Loại bỏ
Invasive (adj) ɪnˈveɪsɪv Xâm lấn
Procedure (n) prəˈsiːdʒə Thủ thuật
Anaesthesia (n) ˌænəsˈθɪn]iːziə Gây mê
technique (n) tekˈniːk Kỹ thuật
Risk (n) rɪsk Rủi ro
11 What is the main subject of the passage?
A The role of optical fibers in medicine B New surgical techniques
C The invention of optical fibers D A revolution in communication
12 In line 2, the author uses the expression have opened a window toindicate
that the use of optical fibers _
A has been unknown to the general public quite recently
B sometimes requires a surgical incision
C allows doctors to see inside the body without major surgery
D has enabled scientists to make amazing discoveries
Trang 813 Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word formerly inline 6?
D other areas of the body
15 According to the passage, what is the purpose of the illuminatingbundle in
the fiberscope?
A To reconstruct images
B To perform surgery inside the body
C To carry light into the body
D To collect and focus light he body
16 Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word cores in line9?
A clusters B lines C tips D centers
17 According to the passage, how do the fiberscopes used today differfrom those
used five years ago?
A They are larger in diameter B They use brighter lights
C They are longer D They contain more fibers
18 The word resolution in line 16 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
A efficiency B sharpness C inconvenience D strength
Trang 919 Which of the following is not mentioned by the author as one of the advantages of laser surgery techiques?
A They are safer than conventional surgery
B They are relatively easy to teach to physicians
C They can be performed in a physician's office
D They can often be performed without anethesia
20 Where in the passage does the author provide a basic description of a fiberscope?
A Line 1-3 B Line 11-13 C Line 7-9 D Line 15
PASSAGE 3
Ever wondered what it feels like to have a different job? Here, four peoplewith very different careers (/ kəˈrɪə (r) /, nghề nghiệp) reveal(/ rɪˈviːl /, tiếtlộ) the trade secrets of their working day
Harry:
I not only provide appearance(/ əˈpɪərəns /) for my client(/ ˈKlaɪənt /, kháchhàng), I also do damage control(/ ˈDæmɪdʒ / kənˈtrəʊl /, kiểm soát thiệt
Trang 10hại) / We've had clients involved in lawsuits(/ ˈLɔːsuːt / kiện cáo),divorces(/ dɪˈvɔːs /, ly hôn) or drugs(/ drʌɡ /, mai túy) One mistakenly(/ mɪˈsteɪkənli /, nhầm lẫn) took a gun to an airport On the red carpet(/ ˌRedˈkɑːpɪt /, thảm đỏ) - at the Academy Awards or the Golden Globes - I'm theperson making my client look good The other day at an Oprah Winfreyevent, the carpet wasn't put down properly and my clients almost wentflying - I had to catch them They can make some strange(/ streɪndʒ /, lạlùng) requests, too At a black-tie gala at the White House, two clientshated the dinner and insisted(/ ɪnˈsɪst /, khăng khăng) that we circle(/ ˈSɜːkl/, vòng quanh) around Washington DC to find a KFC open at la.m I had to
go in wearing a gown(/ ɡaʊn /, áo choàng) and order so they could eat it inthe
Jennifer:
I could teach you to do a basic(/ ˈBeɪsɪk /, cơ bản) brain operation(/ˌ pəˈreɪʃn /, hoạt động) Ɒpəˈreɪʃn /, hoạt động) in two weeks But what takes time andexperience (/ ɪkˈspɪəriəns /, kinh nghiệm) is doing it without wrecking(/Rekɪŋ/, phá hủy) the brain of the patients(/ ˈPeɪʃnt /, bệnh nhân) – earning
your limitations(/ ˌLɪmɪˈteɪʃn /sự hạn chế, giới hạn) takes years I ended
up working as a pediatric(/ ˌPiːdiˈætrɪk /, nhi khoa) neurosurgeon(/ˈNjʊərəʊsɜːdʒən/, giải phẫu thần kinh) because children make betterrecoveries(/ rɪˈkʌvəri /, phục hồi) from brain damage(/ ˈDæmɪdʒ /, chấnthương) than adults So it's more rewarding(/ rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ /,xứng đáng) interms of outcome(/ ˈAʊtkʌm /, kết quả) and I find their resilience(/ rɪˈzɪliəns /, khả năng phục hồi) really inspiring(/ ɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ /, cảm hứng) It'staken me a decade (/ ˈDekeɪd /, thập kỉ) to become comfortablediscussing(/ dɪˈskʌs /, bàn luận) an operation(ca phẫu thuật) with children,but they have to be able to ask questions You have to show them respect
Sometimes their perspective(/ pəˈspektɪv/,quan điểm, góc nhìn) is funny;most teenage girls just want to know how much hair you'll shave off
Trang 11I don't get upset(/ ˌɅpˈset /, buồn phiền, khó chịu) by my job Thesechildren are dying when they come in and
I do whatever I can to make them better
Solange:
When you become a judge(/ dʒʌdʒ /, thẩm phán) after years of being abarrister(/ ˈBærɪstə (r) /, luật sư) and trying to make points(/ pɔɪnt /,quanđiểm) that win cases, you have to remember that a huge part(/ hjuːdʒ / / pɑːt/, một phần lớn) of what you do is listening - to advocates (/ ˈÆdvəkət /,biện hộ), to witnesses(/ ˈWɪtnəs /, nhân chứng), to defendants(/ dɪˈfendənt /,nhân chứng) Behind closed doors most judges, even very experienced(/ ɪkˈspɪəriənst /, có kinh nghiệm) ones, are much more anxious(/ ˈÆŋkʃəs /, lolắng) about their work than most people might think We agonise (/ˈÆɡənaɪz /, dằn vặt) over what we do and the decisions (/ dɪˈsɪʒn /, phánquyết) we have to make It would be bizarre(/ bɪˈzɑː (r) /, kỳ lạ) to say that
as a judge, we learn to be less judgmental(/ dʒʌdʒˈmentl /, phán xét) But asyou see the complex(/ ˈKɒmpleks /,phức tạp) and difficult(/ ˈDɪfɪkəlt /, khókhăn) lives of the people who end up in front of you, you realise(/ˈRiːəlaɪz /, nhận ra) that your job is not so much to judge them as toensure(/ ɪnˈʃʊə (r) /, chắc chắn) that everyone receives(/ rɪˈsiːv /, nhận)justice(/ ˈDʒʌstɪs /, sự công bằng)
21 In the first paragraph, what best paraphrases the sentence My day typically starts with a business person going to the airport, and nearly always ends with a drunk?
A Normally, I will take a business person and a drunk at the airport
B Normally, I will go to the airport in the morning and come back with a
drunk
C
Normally, my first passenger will be a businessman and my last one a
drunk
Trang 12D Normally, I will drive a businessman to the airport and come back
almost drunk
22 What does Harry probably do for a living?
A A tour guide B An agent( quản lý) C A lawyer D A
drives
23 The word circle in line 20 could be best replaced by
A look B drive C walk D ride
24 In line 26, what does Jennifer mean when she says, Learning your limitations takes years? Đạt được những hạn chế
It takes a person a long time to
A perform even a basic operation.
(thực hiện hoạt động cơ bản
B understand what he cannot
help
C control his weakness in
operation (kiểm soát điểm yếu củaanh ta trong hoạt động)
D be able to perform a brain
surgery.(có thể thực hiện mộtcuộc phẫu thuật não)
25 The word their in line 29 refers to
A patients’ B neurosurgeons’ C children's D.
adults’
26 The word perspective in line 32 is closest in meaning to
A prospective- tương lai B Worry – lo lắng C View – tầm nhìn D.
question -
27 According to the passage, whose job involves in a large part listening to
others?
A Jennifer's B Harry's C Luc’s D Solange’s
28 According to the passage, who is likely to meet different types of
people every day?
A Solange B Harry C Jennifer D Luc
Trang 1329 The word ones in line 40 refers to
defendants
30 What is the purpose of this passage?
A to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these jobs (thảo luận về
những thuận lợi và khó khăn của những công việc)
B to report what different people do and think about their jobs(báo cáo
những gì người khác làm và nghĩ về công việc của họ)
C to raise awareness of the importance of different jobs( nâng cao nhận
thức về tầm quan trọng của những công việc khác nhau)
D to inform people of what to expect in those jobs ( thông báo cho mọi
người về những gì mong đợi trong công việc đó)
PASSAGE 4
A. Supermarket shopping with children, one mother says, is absolutemurder: “They want everything they see If it's not the latest sugar-coatedbreakfast cereal, it's a Disney video or a comic Usually all three I can'tafford all this stuff and, anyway, if I agree to their demands I feel I've beenpersuaded against my better judgment and I feel guilty about buyingandfeeding them rubbish Yet I hate myself for saying no all the time, and Iget cross and defensive in anticipation as we leave home I do my best toavoid taking them shopping but then I worry that I'm not allowing them tohaye the experience they need in order to make their own choices I can'twin
B. Research has found that children taken on a supermarkettrip make apurchase request every two minutes More than $150 million a year is nowspent on advertising directly to children, most of it on television Thatfigure is likely to increase and it is in the supermarket aisles that theinvestment is most likely to be successful For children, the reasons behind
Trang 14their parents’ decisions about what they can and cannot afford are oftenunclear, and arguments about how bad sugar is for your teeth areunconvincing when compared with the attractive and emotionallypersuasive advertising campaigns
C. According to Susan Dibb of the National Food Alliance, 'Mostparents are concerned about what they give their children to eat and haveideas about what food is healthy - although those ideas are not alwaysaccurate Obviously, such a dialogue between parents and children is agood thing, because if the only information children are getting aboutproducts is from TV advertising, they are getting a very one-sided view.Parents resent the fact that they are competing with the advertising industryand are forced into the position of repeatedly disappointing their children.'The Independent Television Commission, which regulates TV advertising,prohibits advertisers from telling children to ask their parents to buyproducts But, as Dibb points out, "The whole purpose of advertising is topersuade the viewer to buy something So even if they cannot say, "Tellyour mum to buy this product," the intended effect is precisely that.’
D A major source of stress for some parents shopping with children isthe mental energy required to decide which demands should be agreed toand which should bc refused One mother, says she has patience when itcomes todiscussing food with her children, but she still feels unhappy aboutthe way she manages their shopping demands: 'My son does pay attention
to advertisements but he is critical of them We talk a lot about differentproducts and spend time looking at labels I've talked about it so much thatI've brainwashed him into thinking all adverts are rubbish We have verylittle conflict in the supermarket now because the children don't ask forthings I won't want to buy
E Parents also admit they are inconsistent, even hypocritical, in theirresponses to their children's purchasing requests Mike, father of a son of
Trang 15seven and a daughter of three, says, 'We refuse to buy him the sweets hewants on the grounds that it's bad for him while we are busy loading thetrolley with double cream and chocolate for ourselves It's enjoyable to buynice things, and it's quite reasonable that children should want to share that,
I suppose But I stil find myself being irritated by their demands It partlydepends on how I feel If I'm feeling generous and things are going well in
my life, I'm more likely to say yes, It's hard to be consistent.’
31 What makes the woman of the first passage feel terrible when shopping
with her kids?
A She cannot afford all the stuff for her children
B The children demand things all the time, including something bad and
not good for them
C When the children want something not good for them, she is tired of
saying 'no'
but is to blame, for agreeing to buy
D She cannot have freedom to buy what she wants
32 Why don't she just leave them home and go shopping by herself?
A She is afraid of her children not having chances of deciding themselves
B She is afraid of their safety if she leaves them alone at home
C She wants her children to decide whether go or not
D She feels lonely and uncertain if she goes by herself
33 What makes the children want to buy stuff every two minutes ?
A an easy-catching view
B fascinating advertisement
C B & C are correct
D None is correct
34 What is the-main-idea-of the text?
A Supermarket shouldn't let colorful stuff in the main aisles
B There should only be appropriate programs on television for children
C Parents shouldn’t bring their children to the supermarket.
Trang 16D Parents should give more persuasive reasons to explain for their
children
35 Which paragraph of the article mentions 'the fact that children do not
understand why their parents refuse their demands?
A Paragraph B
B Paragraph C
C Paragraph D
D Paragraph E
36 Which paragraph of the article mentions 'a parent who feels annoyed
even before the children ask for anything'?
38 Which paragraph of the article mentions 'a parent who has different
rules for themselves and their children"?
A Paragraph B
B Paragraph C
C Paragraph A
D Paragraph E
39 Which paragraph of the article mentions ‘someone who feels children
ought to find out for themselves how to make decisions about what tobuy’?
PASSAGE 1
Trang 17It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed havebecome extinct What causes extinction? When a species is no longeradapted to a change environment, it may perish The exact causes of aspecies' death vary from situation to situation Rapid ecological changemay render an environment hostile to a species For example, temperaturesmay change anda species may not adapt Food resources may be affected
by environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a speciesrequiring these resources Other species may become better adapted to an
environment, resulting in competition and ultimately, in the death of a
species
Fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history ofEarth Recent analyses have also revealed that on some occasions manyspecies became extinct at the same time - a mass extinction One of the best
- known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with
the demise or dinosaurs and many other forms of life Perhaps the largest
mass extinction was the one that occurred 225 million years ago whenapproximately 95 percent of all species died Mass extinctions can becaused by a relatively rapid change in the environment and can beworsened by the close interrelationship of many species If, for example,
something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the oceans,
then the oxygen content of Earth would drop, affection even organisms notliving in the oceans Such a change would probably lead to a massextinction
One interesting, and controversial finding is that extinctions during the past
250 million years have tended to be more intense every 26 million years.The periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the earth's orbit with
a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative Some researchershave also speculated that extinction may often be random That is, certainspecies may be eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason
Trang 18A species’ssurvival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability toadapt If so, some of revolutionary history may reflect a sequmce ofessentially random events
1 The underlined word ultimately closest in meaning to
A exceptionally B Unfortunately C Eventually D dramatically
2 What does the author say in paragraph 1 regarding most species in
Earth's history?
A They have been able to adapt to ecological changes
B They have caused rapid change in the environment
C They have remained basically unchanged from their original forms
D They are no longer in existence
3 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as reulting
from rapid ecological change?
A Availability of food resources
B Introduction of new species
C Temperature changes
D Competition among species
4 The word demise is clogest in meang to
A help B death C Recovery D change
5 Why is plankton mentioned in the second paragraph?
A To emphasize the importance of food resources in preventing mass
extinction
B To illustrate a comparison between organisms that live on the land and
those that live in the ocean
C To point out that certain species could never become extinct
D To demonstrate the interdepemdence of different species
6 According to paragraph 2, evidence from fossils suggests that
A there has been only one mass extinction in earth's history
B extinction of species has occurred from time to time throughout
earth's history
C extinctions on earth have generally been massive
Trang 19D dinosaurs became extinct much earlier than scientists originally believed
7 The underlined word finding is closest in meaning to
A published information
B research method
C scientific discovery
D on going experiment
8 Which of the following can be inferred from the theory of periodic
extinction mentioned in paragraph 3?
A The theory is no longer seriously considered
B Most scientists believe the theory to be accurate
C Many scientists could be expected to disagree with it
D Evidence to support the theory has recently been found
9 In paragraph 3, the author makes which of the following statements
about a specie's survival?
A It is associated with astronomical condition
B It may depend on chance events
C It does not vary greatly from species to species
D It reflects the interrelationship of many species
10 According to the passage, it is believed that the largest extinction of the
A 65 million years ago
B 250 million years ago
C 225 million years ago
D 26 million years ago
PASAGE 2
Clipper ships were the swiftest sailing ships that were put to sea and the
most beautiful These ships had their days of glory in the 1840s and 1850s.The first were built in Baltimore, but most were constructed in theshipyards of New England It was Chinese tea that brought them into
existence Tea loses it flavor quickly when stored in the hold of a vessel,
and merchants were willing to pay top prices for fast delivery Americanship-builders designed clippers to fill this need Then came the CaliforniaGold Rush of 1849, when clippers took gold seekers from the East Coast tothe West by way of Cape Horn
Trang 20Clippers were built for speed, and considerations of large carrying capacityand economical operation were sacrificed for this purpose They had long,
slender hull with sharp bows Their three slanted masts carried a huge
cloud of canvas sail, including topgallants and royal sails, and sometimesskysails and moonrakers, to capture the power of the winds They required
a hard- driving captain and a large, experienced crew
Many records were set by clippers Sovereign of the Seas made it from SanFrancisco to New York in eighty-two days Flying Cloud did 374 miles inone day Lightning traveled from New York to Liverpool in thirteen days,and Ino made it from New York to Singapore in eight-six days
Some 500 clippers were built in American shipyards British yards turnedout some twenty-seven tea clippers, as the British ships were called Unlikethe wooden American ships, British clippers were "composites" with ironframes and wooden planking The most famous tea clipper was the CuttySark
By 1860, the age of the clippers was fading Gold diggings in Californiawere nearly exhausted American investors found railroad building moreprofitable than clippers Most importantly, there was a technologicalinnovation that doomed the clipper, and in fact, the entire age of sail: thedevelopment of the steamship
11 What is the author's main purpose of the writing?
A To provide a brief history of
Trang 2113 According to the passage, where were the majority of clipper ships
15 According to the passage, how did the California Gold Rush affect
clipper ships?
A People who wanted to participate in the Gold rush became passengers
on clipper ships
B It stimulated the demand for tea on the West Coast
C It encouraged the development of railroads, which competed direetly
with clipper ships
D The newly discovered gold was used to finance the construction of new
ships
16 According to the passage, which of the following considerations was of
the most importance to the owners of clipper ships?
A Small crews
B Reduced operating costs
C Increased cargo capacity
D Maximum speed
17 Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word slanted in line
12?
A Tilted B Towering C Strengthened D Slender
18 What can be inferred from the passage about skysails and moonrakers?
A They were never used on clipper ships
B Skysails were the highest sails on the mast, and moonrakers were the
lowest
C They were not always used on clipper ships
D They were much larger than royal sails and topgallants.
Trang 2219 All of the following are given in the passage as reasons for the decline
of clipper ships EXCEPT
A the development of steamships
20 In the next paragraph, the author will most likely discuss
A the relationship between speed
and ship design
B further developments in sailing
[A]
"Almost every single person l've worked with thinks there's a goldennugget of an apartment "waiting right for them," said Paul Hunt, an agent atCiti Habitats who specializes in rentals "They all want to be in the Village,and they all want the 'Sex and the City' apartment."
The first shock for a first-time renter will probably be the prices Considerthat the average mmonthly rent for a one-bedroom in the Village is morethan $3,100 and that the average for a studio is over $2,200, Or that theaverage rent for a one-bedroom in a doorman building anywhere in
Manhattan is close to $3,500 [B]
Trang 23Mr Hunt said that when he shows prospective renters what their budget
really can buy; they are sometimes so appalled that "they think I'm trying tofool them or sofmething, and they run away and I don't hear from themagain."
Alternatively, the renter checks his or her expectations and grudginglydecides to raise the price limit, or look in other neighborhoods or get aroommate "When expectations are very high, the process can be veryfrustrating," Mr Hunt said
The thousands of new graduates who will be driving the engine of the city'srental market from now until September will quickly leam that renting in
New York is not like renting anywhere else [C]
The second shock is likely to be how small a Manhattan apartment can be
It is not uncommon in New York, for example, to shop for a junior bedroom only to find out it is really a studio that already has or can have awall put up to create a bedroom
one-[D] To start with, landlords want only tenants who earn at least 40 times
the monthly rent, which means an $80,000 annual salary for a $2,000apartment According to census data, more than 25,000 graduates aged 22
to 28 moved to the city in 2006, and their median salery was about
$35,600
Those who don't make 40 times their'monthly fent need a guarantor,
usually a parent, who must make at least 80 times the monthly rent Inaddition to a security deposit some landlords also want the first and lastmonth's rent Tack on a broker's fee and a prospective renter for that $2,000apartment is out of pocket nearly $10,000 just to get the keys to the place
21 Which of the following would be the best title for this article?
A Best Guide to Finding an Apartment in New York City
B New York City - Haven for First-time Renters
C Surprises Await First-time Renters in New York City
Trang 24D Sure You Can Afford it in New York City?
22 On average, how much do tenants have to pay for a studio in New York
24 Which of the following is NOT listed by Mr Hunt as a reaction of
prospective renters when he informs them of the prices?
A They think the broker is meaning to deceive them.
B They decide to move to another city
C They decide to look for a place in a different neighborhood
D They find someone to share the accommodation with
25 According to Mr Hunt, what would make the process of finding an
apartment challenging?
A Renters do not trust the brokers
B Renters over expectabout places they can rent
C Landlords expect tenants to have secured income
D Renters want to bargain with landlords
26 Which of the following would best describe the attitude of renters who
decide to raise their price limit after being informed of the price?
Frustrated
27 In which space (marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] in the passage) will the
following sentence fit? Aside from the realities of price and space, the
requirements set by New York landlords are also bound to help turn a bright-eyed first-time renter's outlook grim
Trang 25A A B B C C D D
28 Why did the writer mention the income of college graduates in 2006?
A To demonstrate that graduates can earn a decent salary if they work in
New York City
B To indicate that less than 50% of the surveyed graduates could afford
apartments in New York City
C To suggest that New York City is not a place for graduates
D To prove that to guarantee a place in New York City is financially
out of reach for an average graduate
29 What does the word Those in line 28 refer to?
D Parents
30 Which of the following sentences would best complete the last
paragraph?
A On top of that, every owner also has their own requirements, so just
because you qualified here doesn't mean you'Il qualify there
B So you had better accept that you'll never have what you want no matter
how hard you work
C So the key to finding that first apartment is to learn as much as possible
about the market before arriving in the city and to keep an open mind
D You have to be flexible and you have to come to the city armed with
information and financial paperwork
PASSAGE 4
It's often said that we learn things at the wrong time University studentsfrequently do the minimum of work because they're crazy about a goodsocial life instead Children often scream before their piano practicebecause it's so boring They have to be given gold stars and medals to bepersuaded to swim, or have to be bribed to take exams But the story isdifferent when you're older
Trang 26Over the years, I've done my share of adult learning At 30, I went to acollege and did courses in History and English It was an amazing
experience For starters, I was paying, so there was no reason to be late - I
was the one frowning and drumming my fingers if the tutor was late, notthe other way round Indeed, if I could persuade him to linger for an extrafive minutes, it was a bonus, not a nuisance.I wasn't frightened to askquestions, and homework was a pleasure not a pain When I passed anexam, I had passed it for me and me alone, not for my parents or myteachers The satisfaction I got was entirely personal
Some people fear going back to school because they worry that their brains
have got rusty But the joy is that although some parts have rusted up your
brain has learnt all kinds of other things since you were young It has lean
to think independently and flexibly and is much better at relating one thing
to another What you lose in the rust department, you gain in the maturitydepartment
In some ways, age is a positive plus For instance, when you're older, youget less frustrated Experience has told you that, if you're calm and simply
do something carefully again and again, eventually you'll get the hang of it.The confidence you have in other areas - from being able to drive a car,perhaps - means that if you can't, say, build a chair instantly, you don't, like
a child, want to destroy your first pathetic attempts Maturity tells, you that
you will, with application, eventually get there
I hated piano lessons at school, but I was good at music And coming back
to it, with a teacher who could explain why certain exercises were usefuland with musical concepts that, at the age of ten, I could never grasp, wasmagical Initially, I did feel a bit strange, thumping out a piece that I'dplayed for my school exams, with just as little comprehension of what thecomposer intended as l'd had all those years before But soon, complex
Trang 27emotions that I never knew poured out from my fingers, and suddenly Icould understand why practice makes perfect
31 It is implied in paragraph 1 that
A young learners are usually lazy in their class
B teachers should give young learners less homework
C young learners often lack a good motivation for learning
D parents should encourage young learners to study more
32 The writer's main point in paragraph 2 is to show that as people grow
up,
A they cannot learn as well as younger learners
B they have a more positive attitude towards learning
C they tend to learn less as they are discouraged
D they get more impatient with their teachers
33 The phrase For starters in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by
A For beginners
B First and foremost
C At the starting point D.At the beginning
34 While doing some adult learning courses at a college, the writer was
surprised
A to have more time to learn
B to be able to learn more quickly
C to feel leaming more enjoyable
D to get on better with the tutor
35 In paragraph 3, the word rusty means
A not as good as it used to be through lack of practice
B impatient because of having nothing to do
C covered with rust and not as good as it used to be
D staying alive and becoming more active
36 The phrase get there in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to
have the things you have long desired
A achieve your aim with hard
work
B arrive at an intended place with
difficulty
Trang 28C receive a school or college
degree
37 All of the following are true about adult learning EXCEPT
A experience in doing other things can help one's learning
B young people usually feel less patient than adults
C adults think more independently and flexibly than young people
D adult learners have fewer advantages than young learners
38 It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that maturity is a positive plus in
the
learning process because adult learners
A pay more ațtention to detail than younger learners
B have become more patient than younger learners
C are less worried about learming than younger learners
D are able to organize themselves better than younger learners
39 It is implied in the last paragraph that when you learn later in-life, you
A should expect to take longer to learn than when you were younger
B find that you can recall a lot of things you learnt when younger
C can sometimes understand more than when you were younger
D are not able to concentrate as well as when you were younger
40 What is the writer's main purpose in the passage?
A To show how fast adult
learning is
B To describe adult learning
methods
C To encourage adult learning
D To explain reasons forlearning
TEST 3
PASSAGE 1
Humans have struggled against weeds since the beginning of agriculture.The global need for wed control has been answered mainly by the chemicalindustry Its herbicides are effective and sometimes necessary, but some
Trang 29post serious problems, particularly if misused Toxic compounds threaten
animals and public health when they are present in food plants, groundwater, and drinking water They also harm workers who apply them
In recent years the chemical industry has introduced several herbicides thatare more ecologically sound Yet new chemicals alone cannot solve theworld's wed problems Therefore, scientists are exploring the innate weed-killing powers of living organisms, primarily insects and microorganisms The biological agents now in use are harmless to humans, environmentallyfriendly, and offer the benefit of specificity They can be chosen for theirability to attack selected targets and leave crops and other plantsuntouched In contrast, some of the most effective chemicals kill almost allthe plants they modified for resistance Furthermore, a number ofbiological agents can be administered only once, after that no addedapplications are needed Chemicals, typically, must be used several timesper growing season
1 What is the passage primarily about?
A The importance of the chemical industry
B The dangers of toxic chemicals
C Advantages of biological agents over chemical ones
D A suggestion to ban the use of all herbicides
2 What have humans struggled against since the beginning of agriculture?
A grass B trash C weeds D None are correct
3 According to the passage, the use of chemical agents
A has become more dangerous in
recent years
B in occasionally required
C is perfectly safe
D should be increased
4 According to the passage, biological agents usually consist of
A a insects and microorganism
B food plants
C various types of mammals
D weeds
Trang 305 Toxic compounds threaten animals and public health when they are
A present in air
B present in environment
C present in food plants, ground
water, and drinking water
D None are correct
6 Which of the following is NOT GIVEN as an advantage of using
biological agents over chemical herbicides?
A They are less likely to destroy
desirable plants
B They are safer for workers
C They are more easily available
D They do not have to be used as
often
7 According to the text, some of the most effective chemicals
A revive all the plants in some area
B kill almost all the plants they modified for resistance
C provide minerals for plants
D All are correct
8 Biological agents can be chosen for
A their ability to attack selected
10 The word toxic in line 4 means
A harmless B useless C useful D poisonous
PASSAGE 2
Jonas Salk is the American physician and medical researcher who
developed the first safe and effective vaccine for poliomyelitis Salk
received his M.D in 1939 from New York University College of Medicine,where he worked with Thomas Francis Jr., who was studying how todevelop vaccines from killed viruses Salk joined Francis in 1942 at the
Trang 31University of Michigan School of Public Health and became part of agroup that was working to develop a vaccine against influenza
In 1947, Salk became associated professor of bacteriology and head of theVirus Research Laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh School ofMedicine, wherehe began research on poliomyelitis Working withscientists from other universities in a program to classify the various strains
of the polio virus, Salk corroborated other studies in identifying three
separate strains He then demonstrated that killed virus of each of the three,although incapable of producing the disease, could induce antibodyformation in monkeys
In 1952, he conducted tests of his killed-virus vaccine, first on childrenwho had recovered from polio and then on subjects who had not had thedisease The results of both tests showed that the children's antibody levelsrose significantly and no subjects contracted polio from the vaccine His
findings were published the following year in the Journal of the American
Medical Association In 1954, a mass field trial was held, and the vaccine,
injected by needle, was found to safely reduce the incidence of polio OnApril 12, 1955, the vaccine was released for use in the United States
Salk served successively as a professor of bacteriology, preventivemedicine, and experimental medicine at Pittsburgh, and in 1963, he becamefellow and director of the Institute for Biological Studies in San Diego,Califormia, later called the Salk Institute Among many other honors, hewas awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1977
11 What is the main idea of the passage?
A How Salk and his colleagues learned to kill viruses
B How Salk was promoted to important positions at the University of
Pennsylvania
C How the medical research of Jonas Salk led to the development of the
polio vaccine
Trang 32D How Jonas Salk trained to be a physician of medical researcher
12 Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word vaccine
used in line 2?
A Medicine that creates immunity against a disease
B Medicine designed to cure a discase temporarily
C A medicine designed to kill viruses that are fatal to children
D A medicine designed to kill any kind of vinuses
13 In the first paragraph, what was Thomas Francis Jr studying?
A How to prevent the spread of influenza in Michigan
B How to develop vaccines from killed viruses
C How to get a degree in medicine from New York University
D How to work with physicians from Manhattan
14 Which sentence in the second paragraph describes Salk's first work at
the University of Pittsburgh?
A The second sentence
B The third sentence
C None of the above
D The first sentence
15 Which word is closest in meaning to the word corroborated as used in
A it was incapable of producing the disease
B it had three strains that scientists worked with
C it helped monkeys from antibodies
D it did not induce antibody formation in monkeys
17 Look at the word findings in line 16 Which of the following words or phrases from the previous sentence does the word findings refer to?