Tài liệu Travel to New Delhi pptx

Download free ebooks at bookboon.com5 A visit to New Delhi http://delhitourism.nic.in www.incredibleindia.org New Delhi is capital of the world’s second most populous country.. It is

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Translation: Claus Jensen

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ISBN 978-87-7061-298-2

1st edition

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Incredible India & Brian McMorrow.

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5

A visit to New Delhi

http://delhitourism.nic.in

www.incredibleindia.org

New Delhi is capital of the world’s second most

populous country The city in itself has a

population of more than 13 million The

atmosphere is as hectic and exciting as one would

expect of a metropolis in a large and culturally

diverse country

Visitors to New Delhi immediately get a sense of

the city’s centuries old history under various

English rulers, Indian maharajas and Moguls, as

well as today’s democratic government elected by

the largely Hindu population

Old, beautiful mausoleums, fortresses, grand buildings, monumental city planning, busy bazaars, spicy food and peaceful parks are some of the lingering impressions after a few days in New Delhi

It is of course also possible to go on a trip away from the city A popular destination is the amazing Taj Mahal, which is India’s most famous building and one of the most beautiful in the world

Have a good trip!

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Historical outline

Excavations in the New Delhi area suggest that it

was settled around 2,500 years ago The Pandavah

people founded their capital, Indrapratha, in the

region, which was known as Khadava-Pratha A

couple of archeological finds in Purana Quila have

indicated that the area was significant in the later

Mauryan period

The first actual city, the forerunner to the present

Indian capital, was Lal Kot, which was founded in

the 11th century by the Tomar ruler Anangpal

The city’s area was expanded by King Vigraharaja

IV in the middle of the 12th century

In 1206, Qutbuddin Aibak became the first sultan

of the city, and he laid the foundation to the

Qutab Minar Tower, which is still standing where

the old city lay in the days of the sultan The

succeeding sultan dynasties continued developing

the city by erecting new buildings and new cities,

eight in total These new cities were actually city

quarters, but they were referred to as cities

A couple of these new cities were built around Siri:

the second city by Alaud-Din Khalji around the

year 1300, and the third by Ghiysud-Din Tughlug

a few decades later It is still possible to see the

remnants of the fifth city at Feroz Shah Kotla The

city was founded as Ferozobad by Feroz Shah

Tughluq in 1354

The sixth city was built by Humayun, but

following its destruction, it was reconstructed by

Sher Shah Suri and called Purana Quila This was

in the beginning of the 16th century, and it was to

be the last new city before the coming of the

There was some activity during the reigns of the Moguls Akbar and Jehangir in the first decades of the 17th century, but it was Shah Jahan who started New Delhi’s development towards becoming the great capital we see today In 1648, Shah Jahan moved the capital from Agra to his new seventh city of Shahjahanabad, which remained the capital of the Moguls until 1857 – known today as Old Delhi Shah Jahan’s great construction work is situated by the Red Fort, which was the city’s fortified centre He also built the impressive Jama Masjid Mosque

During this period, Great Britain, through the British East India Company, was expanding its interests and its possessions in India, and Calcutta became the British capital In 1803, the British conquered the capital of the Moguls, and India became part of the English Colonial Empire, formally subordinated to Calcutta The Mogul’s were still the formal rulers of the city and the situation was relatively peaceful until 1857, when a revolt broke out against the British rule That was

to be the end of the Moguls; India would now be governed from England, and regionally from Calcutta

In 1911, the British decided to shift India’s capital from Calcutta to the capital of the Moguls, and they founded the eighth city, New Delhi, to the south of Shah Jahan’s city A number of great construction works were undertaken in British Imperial style Especially the architects Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Barker became influential via their grandiose designs of administration buildings New Delhi was officially inaugurated in

1931

Wide boulevards, parks and large office buildings characterize New Delhi This part of the capital’s

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Since 1931, and in particular since India gained its

independence in 1947, New Delhi’s population

and size have increased at an explosive rate In

addition to India’s general population growth,

many newcomers, primarily Hindus and Sikhs,

arrived from areas that today belong to Pakistan

The large migration to New Delhi also laid the

foundation for establishing several of its industries,

and the city has gradually become the country’s

financial centre as well The increased numbers of

tourists and foreign businesses in New Delhi have

contributed to the cosmopolitan atmosphere

pervading several of the city quarters

Present-day New Delhi has grown to include all the historic cities in the area, and its modern skyscrapers stand side by side with ancient monuments The city has become a melting pot of historic buildings and peoples, which infuses it with a colour and variety not found in many other places

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Tour 1: New Delhi

1 The Red Fort/Lal Quila

Netaji Subhash Marg

The Red Fort is one of New Delhi’s most

impressive historic monuments The Mogul

Emperor Shah Jahan built it in 1638-1648 when he

decided to shift the capital from Agra to New

Delhi The Red Fort of Agra inspired New Delhi’s

Red Fort, and it is a beautiful testament to the

Mogul period in the area

Lahore Gate is the main entrance to the large fortress, which is encircled by a 2.4-kilometre wall reaching a height of 33 metres The gates were built sufficiently tall to allow the Mogul emperors

to pass through them on their elephants

The fort complex has, among other things, two audience halls, Divan-i-Am and Divan-i-Khas, the Royal Baths of the Moguls and the beautiful Pearl Mosque/Moti Masjid, which was built in 1658

Every year, India’s prime ministers raise the flag from Aurangzeb’s bastion at the Red Fort as a symbol of the country’s independence

2 Chandni Chowk

Chandni Chowk

Chandni Chowk is the lively main street in New Delhi’s Old Delhi quarter The street has for centuries been the city’s central market place, and visitors to Chandni Chowk get a good impression

of the hustle and bustle of an Indian metropolis

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At Chandni Chowk, directly across from the Red

Fort lies the Jain Temple Sri Digambar Jain Lal

Mandir with its beautiful murals The temple is

best known for its avian veterinary hospital, which

was built according to the Jain axiom ”Live and let

live”

Chandni Chowk also has the Sikh temple

Gurudwara Shish Ganj, which was erected on the

spot where the Sikh guru Tegh Bahadur died and

became a martyr in 1675

The street’s Hindu temple was built in 1623 and

dedicated to the god Shiva The temple has several

beautiful statues

3 Jama Masjid

Matya Mahal, Bho Jala

Jama Mashid is India’s largest mosque It was

finished in 1656, and it is a mighty testament to

the religion of the Moguls Jama Masjid was built

as Mogul Shah Jahan’s most important mosque

The mosque is built on a raised foundation, making it possible to view the beautiful construction from all sides As was common with the Moguls, Jama Masjid is built of red sandstone with inlaid white marble The pulpit is carved out

of a single block of marble

The mosque’s two minarets are 40 metres tall

4 Chawri Bazaar

Chawri Bazaar

The Chawri Bazaar is one of Old Delhi’s best spots for experiencing a genuine market atmosphere Chawri means ”a place where four roads meet”, and it has always been a meeting point for buying and selling various goods

5 Raj Ghat

Mahatma Gandhi Road

Raj Ghat is the place where the father of day India, Mahatma Ghandi, was cremated in 1948 and his ashes dispersed in the waters of the Yamamuna River

present-Today, the area is a beautiful park containing a simple black marble memorial to Mahatma Ghandi Next to Raj Ghat, a museum has been built in his honour, containing, among other things,

photographs and correspondence

Just to the north of Raj Ghat, the first Indian Prime Minister, Jawa-Harlal Nehru, and later his grandchild, Sanjay Ghandi, were cremated Across from Raj Ghat, Nehru’s daughter, Indira Ghandi, and later her grandchild, Rajiv Ghandi, were cremated

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6 Feroz Shah Kotla

Mahatma Gandhi Road

Feroz Shah Kotla is the name of Delhi’s fifth city,

which is now a ruin This was Ferozabad, built by

Feroz shah Tugluq in 1354 Ferozabad was a

beautiful city with palaces, mosques, and gardens,

but the main portion of the ruins has been used to

build new facilities Kotla was the inner citadel of

Ferozabad, comprising different facilities, such as

the mosque whose ruins can still be seen today

Kotla was destroyed when the Moguls assumed power Today a 13-metre-high obelisk stands as a testimony to the history of the city

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Tour 2: New Delhi

7 Crafts Museum

Bhairon Road

New Delhi’s Crafts Museum has a special location

in the centre of the city In addition to its collection of Indian handicraft, it has an exhibition that introduces visitors to traditional Indian village life There are, among other things, clay huts and terracotta horses The displays inside the museum building include exquisite wood carvings, metal ware and ceramics The life-sized wooden figures from Karnataka are among the museum’s most fascinating pieces

8 Connaught Place/Rajiv Chowk

Connuaght Place

Connaught Place is centrally located in the heart of New Delhi From the park in the centre, eight radial roads spread out in all directions The park itself has a fountain, and various kinds of trees have been planted there, making it a nice place to relax

Royal Crescent in the English city of Bath inspired the Victorian architecture There is a wide variety

of interesting shops along the eight radial roads, as well as the three roads encircling Connaught Place

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9 Jantar Mantar

Parliament Street

Jantar Mantar is an observatory built by Maharaja

Jai Singh, who had a passion for mathematics and

astronomy The building is made of red sandstone,

and the observatory has several interesting old

stone and metal instruments used for astronomical

a fountain in the back The Lakshmi Narayan Temple is also known as Birla Mandir in honour of the Hindu industrialist who financed its construction

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Tour 3: New Delhi

11 Rashtrapati Bhawan

Rajpath

This large palace complex with adjacent gardens

was built by Edwin Lutyens as residence for the

English Viceroy of India Today the building is the

home of the President of India

The architecture is a mix of Western and Mughal

styles Images of traditional bells are carved on the

temple’s columns, symbolizing the prophecy that

British rule in India would not end as long as the

stone bells remained silent

The complex was completed in 1929, and it has

340 halls and rooms When the English Viceroy

was in residence, the court consisted of almost

2,000 people

The garden of the palace is called Mughal Gardens,

and it is open to visitors on special occasions The

garden is known for its fountains and ponds, and

it has one of India’s most exquisite rose gardens

12 Parliament House

Parliament Street

India’s Parliament House was built in 1921-1927

based on Edwin Lutyen’s design It is home to the

two chambers of Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya

Sabha, and it is well worth a visit The circular

structure, with a diameter of 171 metres, has a

colonnaded façade Centrally located in the complex lies the hall with its great dome

13 National Museum

Janpath Road www.nationalmuseumindia.org

The National Museum in New Delhi was built in

1960, and it is India’s principal museum Its large collection gives a unique insight into India’s culture and history Its many displays include an exquisite collection of over 800 sculptures made of various materials, such as stone, bronze and terracotta The display includes works from every significant historic period, ranging from

approximately 300 B.C to the 19th century A.D

The museum also houses a large collection of Buddhist art going back to 400 B.C

The collection includes pieces from India as well

as from its Buddhist neighbours

Among the Museum’s many other displays, one finds handicraft, jewelry, documents and coins

New Delhi’s National Museum truly has something for everybody

14 India Gate

India Gate

The India Gate is a war memorial commemorating the Indian dead of the First World War and the Afghan War Underneath the 42-metre Gate, burning in a shrine is the Amar Jawan Jyoti, the Flame of the Immortal Warrior Edwin Lutyen was in charge of the construction work, which

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lasted from 1921 to 1931, and the Duke of

Connaught laid the foundation stone

15 National Gallery of Modern Art

Jaipur House, India Gate

This museum was built in the former residence of

Jaipur’s maharajas, and the museum’s collection

consists of works of art from the last 150 years

Visitors to the museum can get a good insight into

the development of modern Indian painting and

sculpturing

16 Purana Quila

Mathura Road

Purana Quila, New Delhi’s “Old Fort”, was built

by the Afghan Sher Shah Suri in the 16th century,

and it is a fine example of medieval fort building

The fort is beautifully situated by the Yamuna

River, and it is also the venue of a fascinating

sound and light show depicting 5,000 years of

history in the Delhi area

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Tour 4: New Delhi

17 Humayun’s Tomb

Lodi Road

Humayun’s Tomb is an architectural forerunner to

the famous Taj Mahal, as well as most of the later

Mughal buildings

Emperor Humayun’s widow, Haji Begum, built

the tomb in Nizamuddin style in 1565 The

construction is a splendid example of the building

style of the Moguls, when it was at its zenith

18 Lodi Gardens

Lodi Road

Lodi Gardens is a remarkably serene refuge from

the stress of the city that surrounds it The

beautifully landscaped Garden is from 1936, and

its name alludes to the four tombs it has been built

around The tombs are from the Lodi Dynasty,

which was the last of New Delhi’s sultanates

The four tombs belong to Indian rulers from the

15th and 16th centuries: Mohammad Shah, Sikander

Lodi, Sheesh Gumbad and Bara Gumbad

Mohammad Shar’s Tomb is from 1444, and it has

been a source of inspiration for Humayun’s Tomb

Bara Gumbad’s Tomb was built in 1494 and a

mosque carrying his name stands beside it Sheesh

Another interesting construction is the Athpula Bridge from the 16th century It is thought to have been built during the reign of the Mogul Emperor Akbar

19 Safdarjang’s Tomb

Lodi Road

Safdarjang’s Tomb was the last great Mughal construction in New Delhi The mighty building with its characteristic marble dome was erected in 1753-1754 by Emperor Muhammad Shah, the last Mogul Wazir’s (Prime Minister’s) son, in honour

of his father

20 Qutb Minar

Mehrauli, Delhi-Gurgaon Road

The 72.5 metre tall Qutb Minar Tower was built in the 13th century by Outbuddin Aibak and Otub Minar as a symbol of the city’s Muslim rule It is made of richly ornamented sandstones

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By Qutb Minar is the Ashoka Pillar, erected in the

5th century It is said that if a person standing with

his back to the pillar can make his hands meet

around it, he or she will have a wish fulfilled

21 Bahai Temple

Nehru Place www.bahaindia.org

The Bahai Temple is also called the Lotus Temple because of its striking similarity to a lotus flower The temple was built in 1986, and it has been credited with several architectural awards

The complex is 40 metres high, and the central hall can accommodate 2,500 people

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Tiêu đề	A Visit to New Delhi
Tác giả	Stig Albeck, Ventus Publishing ApS
Thể loại	essay
Năm xuất bản	2008
Thành phố	New Delhi

Định dạng
Số trang	35
Dung lượng	3,59 MB