Sổ tay ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh 10: Phần 2

Sổ tay ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh 10 với những bài học vừa ôn vừa mở rộng, các câu bài tập đều được dịch sang tiếng Việt và đều có giải đáp sẽ giúp bạn luyện tập và so sánh đáp án dễ dàng hơn. Nối tiếp phần 1, phần 2 của tài liệu gồm 2 chương trình bày về danh động từ và động từ nguyên mẫu; so sánh tính từ và trạng từ. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo!

- Dong tCif t a n cung bang nguyen am + phu a m

a) M o t am tiet: gap doi phu am cuoi r o i t h e m - i n g

- Dong tCf t a n cung bkng hai phu am: t h e m - i n g

V i du: • Start starting

V d : After leaving school, I went to university

(Sau khi hoc xong, toi vdo dai hoc.)

• Is anyone here good at sewing

(O day ngiCai nao gidi vi may?)

M o t so' gioi tii thucfng theo sau hkng danh dong tCf la: before

(triidfc k h i ) , after (sau k h i ) , without (ma k h o n g c6), by (bdi, v i ,

do, bang), about (ve), at (d, ve), to (den, ve), of (ve)

b) Sau mot so' dong tCf

V d : • I enjoy staying hotels

(Toi thich ngu trong khdch san.)

• I avoid w o r k i n g at the weekend

(T6i trdnh lam viec vdo ngdy nghl cuoi tudn.)

M o t so dong tCf t h o n g dung n h a t phai dtfcfc theo sau b k n g

nhan, choi), enjoy (thich), finish (cham duft), postpone (hoan lai), put off (hoan lai), keep (tiep tuc), consider (xem xet), t h i n k about (nghi ve), dissuss (thao luan), talk about (noi ve), c) L a m chu ngu" hay bo ngOr trong mot cau

V d : • S w i m m i n g is my favorite sport

(Bai Igi la mon the thao toi thich nhat.) (chu ngU)

• I find w o r k i n g i n the garden very relaxing

(Toi tim thdy rat thodi mdi trong viec Idm vUdn.) (bo ngCf) d) Sau mot so' t h a n h ngu"

Vd: • It's no use t a l k i n g to h i m He doesn't know a n y t h i n g

(Noi chuyen vai hdn cUng vd ich Hdn chdng biS't diiu gi)

• This is an excellent book It's worth buying

(Ddy Id mot quyen sdch xudt sdc No dang mua.)

NhuTng t h a n h ngO" khac la:

• There's no point i n (waiting a l l day)

(Chd doi suot ngdy) chdng ich gi

• It's no good (pretending that you understand)

(Anh gid va liieu (cung vd ich)

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- Dong tCif t a n cung bang nguyen am + phu a m

a) M o t am tiet: gap doi phu am cuoi r o i t h e m - i n g

- Dong tCf t a n cung bkng hai phu am: t h e m - i n g

V i du: • Start starting

V d : After leaving school, I went to university

(Sau khi hoc xong, toi vdo dai hoc.)

• Is anyone here good at sewing

(O day ngiCai nao gidi vi may?)

M o t so' gioi tii thucfng theo sau hkng danh dong tCf la: before

(triidfc k h i ) , after (sau k h i ) , without (ma k h o n g c6), by (bdi, v i ,

do, bang), about (ve), at (d, ve), to (den, ve), of (ve)

b) Sau mot so' dong tCf

V d : • I enjoy staying hotels

(Toi thich ngu trong khdch san.)

• I avoid w o r k i n g at the weekend

(T6i trdnh lam viec vdo ngdy nghl cuoi tudn.)

M o t so dong tCf t h o n g dung n h a t phai dtfcfc theo sau b k n g

nhan, choi), enjoy (thich), finish (cham duft), postpone (hoan lai), put off (hoan lai), keep (tiep tuc), consider (xem xet), t h i n k about (nghi ve), dissuss (thao luan), talk about (noi ve), c) L a m chu ngu" hay bo ngOr trong mot cau

V d : • S w i m m i n g is my favorite sport

(Bai Igi la mon the thao toi thich nhat.) (chu ngU)

• I find w o r k i n g i n the garden very relaxing

(Toi tim thdy rat thodi mdi trong viec Idm vUdn.) (bo ngCf) d) Sau mot so' t h a n h ngu"

Vd: • It's no use t a l k i n g to h i m He doesn't know a n y t h i n g

(Noi chuyen vai hdn cUng vd ich Hdn chdng biS't diiu gi)

• This is an excellent book It's worth buying

(Ddy Id mot quyen sdch xudt sdc No dang mua.)

NhuTng t h a n h ngO" khac la:

• There's no point i n (waiting a l l day)

(Chd doi suot ngdy) chdng ich gi

• It's no good (pretending that you understand)

(Anh gid va liieu (cung vd ich)

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e) Sau m o t so dong tCf difgrc theo sau bling gidri tCf to

V d : • I ' m looking forward to v i s i t i n g you i n July

(T6i hdn hoan mong dai viec vi^ng th&m anh veto thdng bay.)

' I can't get used to driving i n London

(Toi khong the quen Idi xe d London.)

II DQNG TL/NGUYEN MAU

Dong tCf nguyen mSu difoc dung:

a) Sau m o t so dong tii:

V d : • I can't afford to pay a l l m y bills

(Toi khong du khd ndng de trd tdt cd hoa dan cua tdi.)

• I hope to see you again soon

(Toi mong som gdp lai ban.)

M o t so dong tii t h o n g dung n h a t diiac theo sau bang dong tii

nguyen m l u l a :

• agree: dong y deices: quyet d i n h need: can

• appear: c6 ve expect: hy vong promise: hijfa hen

• attempt: co gang help: giiip refuse: tCf choi

• dare: danl manage: xoay scf seem: dircrng nhif

b) Sau m o t so dong tii c6 bo ngG theo sau

V d : • He advised me to listen carefully

(dng ta khuyen toi Idng nghe cdn than.)

• They invited her to have lunch w i t h t h e m

(Ho da moi cd ay dung cam tdi vcfi ho.)

M o t so dong tii thong dung n h a t thifofng difcfc dung vdri m o t

bo nguf va m o t dong tii nguyen mfiu l a :

A l l o w (cho phep), encourage (khuyen khich), r e m i n d (nh^c

nhd), teach (day), tell (bao), w a r n (canh cao.)

c) Sau m o t so dong tCr k h i t h i dung v d i bo nguf k h i t h i khong

V d : • I w a n t to find out the answer

(Toi muon tim ra cdu trd Idi) (khong the bo nguT: I find out.)

• I w a n t you to find out the answer

(Toi muon anh tim ra cdu trd Idi) ("you" la bo nguf.)

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Nhffng dong tii thong dung k h a c l a : a s k (yeu cau), beg ( k h a n

cau), expect (cho l a ) d) Sau m o t so' t i n h tCf

V d : I t ' s difficult to explain how to get there I t ' s possible to

w a l k there

(That Id khd de gidi thich Idm cdch ndo d&'n ddy Co thi di

bo din ddy.)

e) Sau m a k e v a let: t a dung dong tii nguyen mSu k h o n g "to"

(Bare - infinitive or Infinitive without "to")

Vd:

• She made me do the exercise again (Chu dong, khong c6 "to")

(Bd dy Idm tdi Idm lai bdi tap.)

But:

• I was made to do the exercise again ( B i dong, v6i "to".)

(Tdi bi budc Idm lai bdi tap.)

• He let me borrow the car (chu dong, khong c6 "to".)

(Hdn cho phep tdi micgn chiec xe.)

• I was allowed to borrow the car ("Let" mang y nghia "cho phep" k h o n g the dung of dang b i dong.)

(Toi diJcfc phep mUcfn chiec xe.)

f) D i e n t a muc dich Vd: • I came here to ( i n order to) learn English

(Tdi dd den ddy de hoc tieng Anh.)

• I need more money to buy the things I want

(Tdi cdn them tien de mua cdc thii tdi ^dn.)

g) Sau m o t so' dong tii 6\iac theo sau b^ng cdc v a n tii, chSng

h a n what, where, who

Vd: • I didn't know what to do

(Tdi dd khdng biet Idm gi.)

• Can you tell me how to get there?

(Anh CO the noi cho tdi biit Idm sao din ddy.)

Sau nhufng dong tCf nay va nhuTng dong tii khac v d i y nghia tifong t\i, t a CO the dung: how, what, where, when, whether

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e) Sau m o t so dong tCf difgrc theo sau bling gidri tCf to

V d : • I ' m looking forward to v i s i t i n g you i n July

(T6i hdn hoan mong dai viec vi^ng th&m anh veto thdng bay.)

' I can't get used to driving i n London

(Toi khong the quen Idi xe d London.)

II DQNG TL/NGUYEN MAU

Dong tCf nguyen mSu difoc dung:

a) Sau m o t so dong tii:

V d : • I can't afford to pay a l l m y bills

(Toi khong du khd ndng de trd tdt cd hoa dan cua tdi.)

• I hope to see you again soon

(Toi mong som gdp lai ban.)

M o t so dong tii t h o n g dung n h a t diiac theo sau bang dong tii

nguyen m l u l a :

• agree: dong y deices: quyet d i n h need: can

• appear: c6 ve expect: hy vong promise: hijfa hen

• attempt: co gang help: giiip refuse: tCf choi

• dare: danl manage: xoay scf seem: dircrng nhif

b) Sau m o t so dong tii c6 bo ngG theo sau

V d : • He advised me to listen carefully

(dng ta khuyen toi Idng nghe cdn than.)

• They invited her to have lunch w i t h t h e m

(Ho da moi cd ay dung cam tdi vcfi ho.)

M o t so dong tii thong dung n h a t thifofng difcfc dung vdri m o t

bo nguf va m o t dong tii nguyen mfiu l a :

A l l o w (cho phep), encourage (khuyen khich), r e m i n d (nh^c

nhd), teach (day), tell (bao), w a r n (canh cao.)

c) Sau m o t so dong tCr k h i t h i dung v d i bo nguf k h i t h i khong

V d : • I w a n t to find out the answer

(Toi muon tim ra cdu trd Idi) (khong the bo nguT: I find out.)

• I w a n t you to find out the answer

(Toi muon anh tim ra cdu trd Idi) ("you" la bo nguf.)

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Nhffng dong tii thong dung k h a c l a : a s k (yeu cau), beg ( k h a n

cau), expect (cho l a ) d) Sau m o t so' t i n h tCf

V d : I t ' s difficult to explain how to get there I t ' s possible to

w a l k there

(That Id khd de gidi thich Idm cdch ndo d&'n ddy Co thi di

bo din ddy.)

e) Sau m a k e v a let: t a dung dong tii nguyen mSu k h o n g "to"

(Bare - infinitive or Infinitive without "to")

Vd:

• She made me do the exercise again (Chu dong, khong c6 "to")

(Bd dy Idm tdi Idm lai bdi tap.)

But:

• I was made to do the exercise again ( B i dong, v6i "to".)

(Tdi bi budc Idm lai bdi tap.)

• He let me borrow the car (chu dong, khong c6 "to".)

(Hdn cho phep tdi micgn chiec xe.)

• I was allowed to borrow the car ("Let" mang y nghia "cho phep" k h o n g the dung of dang b i dong.)

(Toi diJcfc phep mUcfn chiec xe.)

f) D i e n t a muc dich Vd: • I came here to ( i n order to) learn English

(Tdi dd den ddy de hoc tieng Anh.)

• I need more money to buy the things I want

(Tdi cdn them tien de mua cdc thii tdi ^dn.)

g) Sau m o t so' dong tii 6\iac theo sau b^ng cdc v a n tii, chSng

h a n what, where, who

Vd: • I didn't know what to do

(Tdi dd khdng biet Idm gi.)

• Can you tell me how to get there?

(Anh CO the noi cho tdi biit Idm sao din ddy.)

Sau nhufng dong tCf nay va nhuTng dong tii khac v d i y nghia tifong t\i, t a CO the dung: how, what, where, when, whether

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Ask (hoi), decide (quyet dinh), discover (kham pha), find out

( t i m r a ) , forget (quen), know (biet), learn (hoc), remember

(nhdr), see (hieu), show (chi), think (nghi), understand (hieu),

want to know (muon biet), wonder (tif hoi)

III CAC DANG DQNG TLf NGUYEN MAU

1 Nguyen m^u dien tien

Nguyen m l u d i l n t i e n diTcfc lap t h a n h v d i to be + h i e n t a i

phan tif No di§n t a hoat dong dang dien t i e n

Vd: I ' d like to be lying be i n the sun right now

(Ngay bay gid toi muon nam diidi dnh ndng m&t trdi.)

2 Nguyen mau hoan thanh

Nguyen mku hoan t h a n h dMc t h a n h lap v d i : to have + qua

khuf phan til

Vd: I ' d like to have seen his face when you told h i m

(Toi muon thay giiang mdt anh ta khi anh bdo hdn.)

3 Nguyen mSu bi d^ng

Nguyen mSu b i dong dtfcJc t h a n h l a p vdfi: to be + qua khdf

phan ta

V d : I ' d like to be promoted to sales manager

(Toi mud'n diCac di bat chiic gidm doc thitang vu.)

> Ghi chu:

Nguyen mSu dien tien, hoan t h ^ n h , va b i dong cung c6 the

diTtfc dung v o i cac dong tCr k h i e m khuyet va trof dpng tCf phu,

nhtftig vdri nhufng dong tijf nay to diTofc bo di

V d : • You should be working, not watching television

(Anh nen dang Idm viec, diing xem truyin hinh.)

• You c a n be punished (Ban c6 thi bi phat)

IV DUNG DANH DQNG TL/HAY DONG TD NGUYEN MAU

1 Continue (tiep tuc), start (b^t dau), begin (bSt dau)

Ho&c la danh dong tCf hoac la dong tCf nguyen mau c6 the

dUtfc dung

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Vd: I t started to snow: Trdi da, bdt ddu d6 tuyet

Snowing Dong tCr nguyen mau thtfdng thong dung hon

2 Love (yeu, thich), like (thich), prefer (thich htfn), hate (ghet) U nghia hofi thay doi thuOc each dung danh dpng tijf hay dpng tijf nguyen mau

Dung danh dong tCr, lofi phat hieu mang t i n h tong quat

Vd: I like swimming: T6i thich bed Igi

• I like to read a book before going to sleep at night

(Ban dem toi thich doc mot quySn sdch tritdc khi di ngu.)

• I hate to toll you, but I've lost your coat

(T6i ghet bdo cho ban bi^t m^c du toi da lam mdt do khodc cua ban.)

3- Remember (nhdf), forget (qu^n), stop (ngifng, ngufng), trx (co gang)

Y nghia thay doi nhieu tuy thuoc vao each dung danh dong

tii hay dong tCr nguyen mSu

+ V d : I remember being very unhappy as a teenager

(Toi nha da rat dau khd khi con la thieu ni&n) (Toi biet rdng toi da rat dau khS khi con Id thieu niin.)

• I ' l l never forget meeting you

(Toi se chdng bao gid qu^n viec gdp anh.) (Ngay toi gdp anh rdt rd rdng trong tri nhd cua tdi.)

Danh dong tCr de cap t d i h a n h dong va t r a n g t h a i t r o n g qua khuf nghia la tru'oc viec nhd, vi$c quen d i l n ra

+ V d : • Remember to put some petrol i n the car!

(Hdy nhd do xdng Id dieu quan trong.)

+ Don't forget to post the letter!

(DCfng quen goi la thu! ) (La thiT quan t r o n g anh phai nhac nhd m i n h gdi.)

Dong tCr nguyen mau de cap t d i hanh dong phai diroc l a m nghia la viec do xay r a sau k h i n h d , quen

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Ask (hoi), decide (quyet dinh), discover (kham pha), find out

( t i m r a ) , forget (quen), know (biet), learn (hoc), remember

(nhdr), see (hieu), show (chi), think (nghi), understand (hieu),

want to know (muon biet), wonder (tif hoi)

III CAC DANG DQNG TLf NGUYEN MAU

1 Nguyen m^u dien tien

Nguyen m l u d i l n t i e n diTcfc lap t h a n h v d i to be + h i e n t a i

phan tif No di§n t a hoat dong dang dien t i e n

Vd: I ' d like to be lying be i n the sun right now

(Ngay bay gid toi muon nam diidi dnh ndng m&t trdi.)

2 Nguyen mau hoan thanh

Nguyen mku hoan t h a n h dMc t h a n h lap v d i : to have + qua

khuf phan til

Vd: I ' d like to have seen his face when you told h i m

(Toi muon thay giiang mdt anh ta khi anh bdo hdn.)

3 Nguyen mSu bi d^ng

Nguyen mSu b i dong dtfcJc t h a n h l a p vdfi: to be + qua khdf

phan ta

V d : I ' d like to be promoted to sales manager

(Toi mud'n diCac di bat chiic gidm doc thitang vu.)

> Ghi chu:

Nguyen mSu dien tien, hoan t h ^ n h , va b i dong cung c6 the

diTtfc dung v o i cac dong tCr k h i e m khuyet va trof dpng tCf phu,

nhtftig vdri nhufng dong tijf nay to diTofc bo di

V d : • You should be working, not watching television

(Anh nen dang Idm viec, diing xem truyin hinh.)

• You c a n be punished (Ban c6 thi bi phat)

IV DUNG DANH DQNG TL/HAY DONG TD NGUYEN MAU

1 Continue (tiep tuc), start (b^t dau), begin (bSt dau)

Ho&c la danh dong tCf hoac la dong tCf nguyen mau c6 the

dUtfc dung

84

Vd: I t started to snow: Trdi da, bdt ddu d6 tuyet

Snowing Dong tCr nguyen mau thtfdng thong dung hon

2 Love (yeu, thich), like (thich), prefer (thich htfn), hate (ghet) U nghia hofi thay doi thuOc each dung danh dpng tijf hay dpng tijf nguyen mau

Dung danh dong tCr, lofi phat hieu mang t i n h tong quat

Vd: I like swimming: T6i thich bed Igi

• I like to read a book before going to sleep at night

(Ban dem toi thich doc mot quySn sdch tritdc khi di ngu.)

• I hate to toll you, but I've lost your coat

(T6i ghet bdo cho ban bi^t m^c du toi da lam mdt do khodc cua ban.)

3- Remember (nhdf), forget (qu^n), stop (ngifng, ngufng), trx (co gang)

Y nghia thay doi nhieu tuy thuoc vao each dung danh dong

tii hay dong tCr nguyen mSu

+ V d : I remember being very unhappy as a teenager

(Toi nha da rat dau khd khi con la thieu ni&n) (Toi biet rdng toi da rat dau khS khi con Id thieu niin.)

• I ' l l never forget meeting you

(Toi se chdng bao gid qu^n viec gdp anh.) (Ngay toi gdp anh rdt rd rdng trong tri nhd cua tdi.)

Danh dong tCr de cap t d i h a n h dong va t r a n g t h a i t r o n g qua khuf nghia la tru'oc viec nhd, vi$c quen d i l n ra

+ V d : • Remember to put some petrol i n the car!

(Hdy nhd do xdng Id dieu quan trong.)

+ Don't forget to post the letter!

(DCfng quen goi la thu! ) (La thiT quan t r o n g anh phai nhac nhd m i n h gdi.)

Dong tCr nguyen mau de cap t d i hanh dong phai diroc l a m nghia la viec do xay r a sau k h i n h d , quen

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+ V d : I stopped smoking years ago

(Toi dd ngiing hut thuoc cdch nay nhieu nam) (Hoat dong

trirdc day.)

• I stopped to pick up a hitchhiker

(Toi dd dicng lai de don mot ngUdi di nha xe.) (Dieu nay cho

chiing ta biet t a i sao toi d t o g xe.)

* We tired to put out the fire, but i t was impossible

(Chung toi dd c6 gdng dap tdt nhUng khong the dugc.)

I tired pouring on water, my husband tired covering i t w i t h

a blanket and my son tried using the fire extinguisher, but i n

the end we had to call the fire brigade

(Toi thii dgi nUdc, chSng toi thii dung mot chiec men dap

Ilia ud cont rai toi thu: dung binh chiia liia, nhUng cuoi cung

chung toi dd phdi ggi dien thoai cho dgi chiia Ida.)

t r y + dong tCr nguyen m i u : dien ta muc dich; do la dieu ban

muo'n l a m

Try + danh dong tCf: dien ta phifang thufc, phi/o'ng phap ban

dung de dat t h a n h muc di'ch ciia ban

BAITAP

15 Hoan thanh cac cau vdfi dang diing cua dpng tuf

trong ngoac (Complete the sentences with the correct

forms of the verbs in brackets.)

chicken and rice sound good?

(Anh thdy thich dn gi trong bUa cam toi Cam gd nghe c6 ve

ngon chii?)

a) have b) having c) to have

animals should be protected from hunters He objects to (kill)

w i l d animals for sport

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(Phan la mot ngiiai bdo ve mdi trudng tin dong vat nen dugc bdo ve khoi tay cdc nguai di sdn Anh dy phdn doi viec gi^t thu hoang Idm mot mon the thao.)

a) k i l l b) k i l l i n g c) to k i l l

3. M a n h spent a l l m o n t h preparing for the tennis match, but i n spite of (practice) for many hours each day, he lost the match to Ivan

(Manh dd gidnh sud't thdng di chudn bi tran ddu qudn vgt, nhUng mdc dii luyen tap nhiiu gid mdi ngdy anh dd thua Ivan.)

a) practice b) finish c) to finish

(Sau k h i l a m xong bai tap of nha, t o i di ngu.)

(Hdn trd loi cdc can hoi cua tdi md khong nhin vdo toi.)

(Bhng cdch lam viec chuy^n cdn, anh dy dUffc thdng cdp nhanh.)

a) w o r k i n g b) work c) to w o r k

(Anh CO thich xem phim cU tr^n ti vi khong?)

8.1 don't mind (have) to be i n class at 8: 00 a.m

(Toi khong phien viec phdi c6 mdt d lap luc 8 gid sang.)

9. Danh usually puts off (pack) - his suitcase u n t i l the very last minute

(Danh thudng hoan xep do vdo va it cua no cho den tan phut choc.)

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+ V d : I stopped smoking years ago

(Toi dd ngiing hut thuoc cdch nay nhieu nam) (Hoat dong

trirdc day.)

• I stopped to pick up a hitchhiker

(Toi dd dicng lai de don mot ngUdi di nha xe.) (Dieu nay cho

chiing ta biet t a i sao toi d t o g xe.)

* We tired to put out the fire, but i t was impossible

(Chung toi dd c6 gdng dap tdt nhUng khong the dugc.)

I tired pouring on water, my husband tired covering i t w i t h

a blanket and my son tried using the fire extinguisher, but i n

the end we had to call the fire brigade

(Toi thii dgi nUdc, chSng toi thii dung mot chiec men dap

Ilia ud cont rai toi thu: dung binh chiia liia, nhUng cuoi cung

chung toi dd phdi ggi dien thoai cho dgi chiia Ida.)

t r y + dong tCr nguyen m i u : dien ta muc dich; do la dieu ban

muo'n l a m

Try + danh dong tCf: dien ta phifang thufc, phi/o'ng phap ban

dung de dat t h a n h muc di'ch ciia ban

BAITAP

15 Hoan thanh cac cau vdfi dang diing cua dpng tuf

trong ngoac (Complete the sentences with the correct

forms of the verbs in brackets.)

chicken and rice sound good?

(Anh thdy thich dn gi trong bUa cam toi Cam gd nghe c6 ve

ngon chii?)

a) have b) having c) to have

animals should be protected from hunters He objects to (kill)

w i l d animals for sport

86

(Phan la mot ngiiai bdo ve mdi trudng tin dong vat nen dugc bdo ve khoi tay cdc nguai di sdn Anh dy phdn doi viec gi^t thu hoang Idm mot mon the thao.)

a) k i l l b) k i l l i n g c) to k i l l

3. M a n h spent a l l m o n t h preparing for the tennis match, but i n spite of (practice) for many hours each day, he lost the match to Ivan

(Manh dd gidnh sud't thdng di chudn bi tran ddu qudn vgt, nhUng mdc dii luyen tap nhiiu gid mdi ngdy anh dd thua Ivan.)

a) practice b) finish c) to finish

(Sau k h i l a m xong bai tap of nha, t o i di ngu.)

(Hdn trd loi cdc can hoi cua tdi md khong nhin vdo toi.)

(Bhng cdch lam viec chuy^n cdn, anh dy dUffc thdng cdp nhanh.)

a) w o r k i n g b) work c) to w o r k

(Anh CO thich xem phim cU tr^n ti vi khong?)

8.1 don't mind (have) to be i n class at 8: 00 a.m

(Toi khong phien viec phdi c6 mdt d lap luc 8 gid sang.)

9. Danh usually puts off (pack) - his suitcase u n t i l the very last minute

(Danh thudng hoan xep do vdo va it cua no cho den tan phut choc.)

87

10 (Climb) to the top of a mountain isn't ease

(Leo len d'inli mot nggn nui khong phdi la d§.)

a) CHmbing b) cUmb c) a + b

11 (manage) a major corporation is a demanding job

(Qudn li mot xi nghiep la mot cong viec c6 dot hdi coo.)

a) manage b) managing c) a + b

12 I really hate (be) late for appointment

(T6i that sU ghet tri hen.)

a) being b) to be c) a + b

13 She's so impatient She can't stand (wait) i n line

for a n y t h i n g

(Co ta tat mat Men nhan C6 ta khong the chiu dung viec

x^p hang chd dgi cdi gi do.)

a) w a i t i n g b) to wait c) a + b

14 (Know) that he was poor, I offered to pay his fare

(Biet rang no ngheo, toi da di nghi trd tien xe cho no.)

a) k n o w i n g b) know c) a + b

15 Whenever we meet, T a i avoided (look) at me

(Bat ciC khi ndo chung toi gdp nliau, Tdi trdnh nhin m&t toi.)

a) to look b) looking c) look

16 C h o n c a u t r a lofi d i i n g cho m o i c a u ( S e l e c t the

c o r r e c t a n s w e r for e a c h sentence.)

1 The children are learning (swim) this summer

(Mua he nay tre em se hgc bed.)

a) to swim b) s w i m m i n g c) s w i m

2 I want to learn how (dive)

(Toi muoii hoc Ian.)

a) dive b) to dive c) d i v i n g

88

3 The teacher ask J i m (give) his book to Mary

(Thdy gido bdo Jim dua quyen sdch cua no cho Mary.)

a) giving b) give c) to give

4 Drivers were warned (not, park) i n the area

(Cdc tdi xe dugc cdnh bdo Id khong dau xe d vung nay.)

a) not p a r k i n g b) not to park c) no p a r k i n g

5 Before Bobby went to bed, his father remanded h i m (brush)

his teeth

(TrUdc khi Bobby di ngu, cha no nhdc nhd no ddnh rang.)

a) to brush b) brush c) brushing

6 I expect you (be) punctual

(Tdi mong anh phdi dung gia.)

a) being b) to be c) be

7 You can't expect (learn) a foreign language i n a week

(Anh khong the mong hgc diCgc mot ngoai ngU trong mot tuan.)

a) learning b) learn c) to learn '

8 I t is i m p o r t a n t (come) to class on time

(Den lop dung gid Id quan trgng.)

a) Coming b) to come c) come

9 It's impossible for a fish (live) out of water for more

t h a n a few minutes

(Con cd ra khoi niidc khong thi song qud vdi phut.)

a) to live b) live c) l i v i n g

10 That box is to heavy for us (lift)

(Cdi thung do nang den noi chung tdi khong thi nang l^n duoc.)

a) to l i f t b) Uft c) l i f t i n g

11 T i m isn't old enough (go) to school

(Tim chUa du tuoi di hgc.)

a) to go b) go c) going

89

10 (Climb) to the top of a mountain isn't ease

(Leo len d'inli mot nggn nui khong phdi la d§.)

a) CHmbing b) cUmb c) a + b

11 (manage) a major corporation is a demanding job

(Qudn li mot xi nghiep la mot cong viec c6 dot hdi coo.)

a) manage b) managing c) a + b

12 I really hate (be) late for appointment

(T6i that sU ghet tri hen.)

a) being b) to be c) a + b

13 She's so impatient She can't stand (wait) i n line

for a n y t h i n g

(Co ta tat mat Men nhan C6 ta khong the chiu dung viec

x^p hang chd dgi cdi gi do.)

a) w a i t i n g b) to wait c) a + b

14 (Know) that he was poor, I offered to pay his fare

(Biet rang no ngheo, toi da di nghi trd tien xe cho no.)

a) k n o w i n g b) know c) a + b

15 Whenever we meet, T a i avoided (look) at me

(Bat ciC khi ndo chung toi gdp nliau, Tdi trdnh nhin m&t toi.)

a) to look b) looking c) look

16 C h o n c a u t r a lofi d i i n g cho m o i c a u ( S e l e c t the

c o r r e c t a n s w e r for e a c h sentence.)

1 The children are learning (swim) this summer

(Mua he nay tre em se hgc bed.)

a) to swim b) s w i m m i n g c) s w i m

2 I want to learn how (dive)

(Toi muoii hoc Ian.)

a) dive b) to dive c) d i v i n g

88

3 The teacher ask J i m (give) his book to Mary

(Thdy gido bdo Jim dua quyen sdch cua no cho Mary.)

a) giving b) give c) to give

4 Drivers were warned (not, park) i n the area

(Cdc tdi xe dugc cdnh bdo Id khong dau xe d vung nay.)

a) not p a r k i n g b) not to park c) no p a r k i n g

5 Before Bobby went to bed, his father remanded h i m (brush)

his teeth

(TrUdc khi Bobby di ngu, cha no nhdc nhd no ddnh rang.)

a) to brush b) brush c) brushing

6 I expect you (be) punctual

(Tdi mong anh phdi dung gia.)

a) being b) to be c) be

7 You can't expect (learn) a foreign language i n a week

(Anh khong the mong hgc diCgc mot ngoai ngU trong mot tuan.)

a) learning b) learn c) to learn '

8 I t is i m p o r t a n t (come) to class on time

(Den lop dung gid Id quan trgng.)

a) Coming b) to come c) come

9 It's impossible for a fish (live) out of water for more

t h a n a few minutes

(Con cd ra khoi niidc khong thi song qud vdi phut.)

a) to live b) live c) l i v i n g

10 That box is to heavy for us (lift)

(Cdi thung do nang den noi chung tdi khong thi nang l^n duoc.)

a) to l i f t b) Uft c) l i f t i n g

11 T i m isn't old enough (go) to school

(Tim chUa du tuoi di hgc.)

a) to go b) go c) going

89

12. That movie always makes me (cry)

(Phim do luon ludn Idm tdi khoc.)

(Dilng cho anh ta noi)

a) to say b) say

15. I went to the post office (mail)

(Tdi dd den huu dien de gM mot Id thu.)

a) in order to mail b) to mail c) a + b

c) say

c) saying

a letter

16. I met you (not, argue) with you

(Tdi gdp anh khong phdi de cdi Ion vdi anh.)

a) so as not to b) not to c) a + b

17. Is there anything (eat)

(Sang nay c6 gi an khong, me?)

a) eating b) to eat

18. I don't know what (do) _ _ _ _ _ _

_- this morning, Mom?

(Tdi khong biet tdi nay lam gi?)

19. Try to remember where (put)

c) a + b tonight

c) doing your keys

(Anh hay cd nhd noi de chia khda cua anh.)

20. Shall I (wrap) it for you?

(Ong cd mudn tdi gdi nd lai cho dng khdng?)

a) to wrap b) wrap c) a + b

90

17 Hoan thanh cac cau vori dang diing ciia dpng t\i

trong ngoac, dung DANH DONG T 0 hay DONG TlJ'

N G U Y E N M A U D6i khi ca hai cau tra deu dung

(Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets using the GERUND or the INFINITIVE Sometimes, both answers are correct.)

' Alex will never forget (take) his first helicopter ride

(Alex se khong bao gid qu^n Idn ddu ti&n di true thang cua nd.)

a) talking b) to take c) a + b Alex refused (apologize) for his rude behavior

(Alex khdng chiu xin Idi each sd su thd Id cua nd.)

4. The baby loves (rise) , in the car

(Em be thich di xe hai.)

a) to ride b) to ride c) a+ b

5. Ton was trying (unlock) the door with the wrong key

(Ton dang cd md cda bdng chia khda sai.)

7. The audience began clapping and (stamp) their feet on the floor

(Khan gid bdt ddu vd tay vd dam chdn lin sdn nhd.)

a) stamping b) to stamp c) a + b

91

12. That movie always makes me (cry)

(Phim do luon ludn Idm tdi khoc.)

(Dilng cho anh ta noi)

a) to say b) say

15. I went to the post office (mail)

(Tdi dd den huu dien de gM mot Id thu.)

a) in order to mail b) to mail c) a + b

c) say

c) saying

a letter

16. I met you (not, argue) with you

(Tdi gdp anh khong phdi de cdi Ion vdi anh.)

a) so as not to b) not to c) a + b

17. Is there anything (eat)

(Sang nay c6 gi an khong, me?)

a) eating b) to eat

18. I don't know what (do) _ _ _ _ _ _

_- this morning, Mom?

(Tdi khong biet tdi nay lam gi?)

19. Try to remember where (put)

c) a + b tonight

c) doing your keys

(Anh hay cd nhd noi de chia khda cua anh.)

20. Shall I (wrap) it for you?

(Ong cd mudn tdi gdi nd lai cho dng khdng?)

a) to wrap b) wrap c) a + b

90

17 Hoan thanh cac cau vori dang diing ciia dpng t\i

trong ngoac, dung DANH DONG T 0 hay DONG TlJ'

N G U Y E N M A U D6i khi ca hai cau tra deu dung

(Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets using the GERUND or the INFINITIVE Sometimes, both answers are correct.)

' Alex will never forget (take) his first helicopter ride

(Alex se khong bao gid qu^n Idn ddu ti&n di true thang cua nd.)

a) talking b) to take c) a + b Alex refused (apologize) for his rude behavior

(Alex khdng chiu xin Idi each sd su thd Id cua nd.)

4. The baby loves (rise) , in the car

(Em be thich di xe hai.)

a) to ride b) to ride c) a+ b

5. Ton was trying (unlock) the door with the wrong key

(Ton dang cd md cda bdng chia khda sai.)

7. The audience began clapping and (stamp) their feet on the floor

(Khan gid bdt ddu vd tay vd dam chdn lin sdn nhd.)

a) stamping b) to stamp c) a + b

91

8. She doesn't allow h i m (smoke) i n her house

(C6 dy khong cho phep anh dy hut thudc trong nhd c6 dy)

a) smoking b) to smoke c) a + b

9. T i m prefers (walk) t h a n to jog for exercise

(Tim thick di bo hon la di hudc di luyen tdp.)

a) w a l k i n g b) to w a l k c) a+ b

10) L y prefers (walk) to t a l k i n g the bus

(Ly thich di bo han Id di xe buyt.)

a) w a l k i n g b) to walk c) a + b

a) smoking b) to smoke c) a + b

11. The soccer teams continued (play) even though i t began to

snow (Cdc dpi bong dd ti^p tuc choi bdt ki trdi bdt ddu dS tuyet.)

a) playing b) to play c) a + b

12. We like (eat) outside when the weather is warm and sunny

(Chiing tot thich an nhd hdng khi thdi ti&'t dm vd c6 ndng.)

a) eating b) to eat c) a + b

13. Instead of (excite) about the good news, Tarn seemed to be

indifferent (Thay vi mimg radon nlian tin tot, Tdm 16 ve ditng dUng.)

a) exciting b) being excited c) to be excited

school's social activities

(NhUng hoc sinh mdi mong dugc tham gia cdc hoat dong xd

hdi cua nhd triCang.)

a) including b) being included c) to be included

briefcase for the customs officer

(Du gap rdc roi khi anh khdng chiu md cdp cho nhdn vien

hdi quan xeni.)

a) open b) being opened c) to be opened

92

C H U O N G I V

SO SANH TINH TLf VA TRANG TLf

I s o S A N H H O N (TT: Tinh id TRT: Trang tu^)

Ho'n N h a t

T T / T R T n g a n TT/TRT-er + than The TT/TRT-set TT/TRT dai More + TT/TRT + than The most + T T / TRT

PGhichu:

1. T i n h tii hay t r a n g tCf ngan la t i n h tCf hay t r a n g tii c6 m o t

am tiet: big, small, large, red, fast

2. T i n h tii hay t r a n g tii dai la t i n h tCr hay t r a n g tCr c6 tii hai

am tiet trdf len: difficult, expensive, carefully

3. NhCTng t i n h tuf hay t r a n g tii c6 hai a m tiet nhung t a n cung

bang et, y, le, er, ow du'cfc xem nhu' m o t a m tiet n e n dang so

sanh t i n h tCr hay t r a n g tii ngan diTo'c dung

Vd:

4. Cac dang so sanh cua t i n h tii hay t r a n g tii ngAn a) N e u t i n h tii t a n cung bSng e t h i bo e r o i t h e m dang so

sanh vao Vd:

large wise brave

So sanh ho'n larger wiser braver

So sanh n h a t largest wisest bravest

93

8. She doesn't allow h i m (smoke) i n her house

(C6 dy khong cho phep anh dy hut thudc trong nhd c6 dy)

a) smoking b) to smoke c) a + b

9. T i m prefers (walk) t h a n to jog for exercise

(Tim thick di bo hon la di hudc di luyen tdp.)

a) w a l k i n g b) to w a l k c) a+ b

10) L y prefers (walk) to t a l k i n g the bus

(Ly thich di bo han Id di xe buyt.)

a) w a l k i n g b) to walk c) a + b

a) smoking b) to smoke c) a + b

11. The soccer teams continued (play) even though i t began to

snow (Cdc dpi bong dd ti^p tuc choi bdt ki trdi bdt ddu dS tuyet.)

a) playing b) to play c) a + b

12. We like (eat) outside when the weather is warm and sunny

(Chiing tot thich an nhd hdng khi thdi ti&'t dm vd c6 ndng.)

a) eating b) to eat c) a + b

13. Instead of (excite) about the good news, Tarn seemed to be

indifferent (Thay vi mimg radon nlian tin tot, Tdm 16 ve ditng dUng.)

a) exciting b) being excited c) to be excited

school's social activities

(NhUng hoc sinh mdi mong dugc tham gia cdc hoat dong xd

hdi cua nhd triCang.)

a) including b) being included c) to be included

briefcase for the customs officer

(Du gap rdc roi khi anh khdng chiu md cdp cho nhdn vien

hdi quan xeni.)

a) open b) being opened c) to be opened

92

C H U O N G I V

SO SANH TINH TLf VA TRANG TLf

I s o S A N H H O N (TT: Tinh id TRT: Trang tu^)

Ho'n N h a t

T T / T R T n g a n TT/TRT-er + than The TT/TRT-set TT/TRT dai More + TT/TRT + than The most + T T / TRT

PGhichu:

1. T i n h tii hay t r a n g tCf ngan la t i n h tCf hay t r a n g tii c6 m o t

am tiet: big, small, large, red, fast

2. T i n h tii hay t r a n g tii dai la t i n h tCr hay t r a n g tCr c6 tii hai

am tiet trdf len: difficult, expensive, carefully

3. NhCTng t i n h tuf hay t r a n g tii c6 hai a m tiet nhung t a n cung

bang et, y, le, er, ow du'cfc xem nhu' m o t a m tiet n e n dang so

sanh t i n h tCr hay t r a n g tii ngan diTo'c dung

Vd:

4. Cac dang so sanh cua t i n h tii hay t r a n g tii ngAn a) N e u t i n h tii t a n cung bSng e t h i bo e r o i t h e m dang so

sanh vao Vd:

large wise brave

So sanh ho'n larger wiser braver

So sanh n h a t largest wisest bravest

93

b) N§'u tinh tu" tan cung bkng Y t h i doi Y thanh I r6i them

dang so sanh vac neu trifdc Y la mot phu am

Vd:

dry happy merry

So sanh hon drier happier merrier

So sanh nhat driest happiest merriest

Neu trtfoc Y la mot nguyen am t h i khong doi Y thanh I

Vd:

gay grey

So sanh ho'n gayer greyer

So sanh nhat gayest greyest

c) Neu tinh tCf hay trang tCr tan cung bang mot phu am

trirdrc phu am la mot nguyen am doc t h i gap doi phu am trUdfc

khi them dang so sanh vao

red redder reddest

thin thinner thinnest

quiet quieter (I la nguyen am doc con

e l a nguyen am cam

So sdnh nhat quietest

Vd: • Canada's cold but Greenland's colder

(Canada thi lanh, nhung Greeland thi lanh han)

• Sweden, Canada, and Greenland are all cold, but Greenland

is the coldest

(Thuy Bien, Canada vd Greenland diu lanh, nhUng

Greeland thi lanh nhat)

94

• Vietnam is larger than Thailand

(Viit Nam thi Ion han Thai Lan)

• Vietnam, Thailand, and China are all large, but China is the largest

(Viet Nam, Thai Lan vd Trung Qud'c diu Idn, nhUng Trung Quoc thi Ion nhat)

• A car's more expensive than a motorbike

(Mot chiec xe hoi thi ddt tiin han mot chi^c xe gdn may

• Hue and Nha Trang are all beautiful, but Hue's the most beautiful

• The alephant is the biggest of all four-feeted animals

(Con voi thi Ion nhat trong tdt cd thu bon chdn)

II SOSANHKEM

Kem horn Kem nhat

Ta 't ca T T / T R T less + TT/TRT + than the least + TT/TRT

Vd:

• This coat is less expensive than that one

(ChiS'c do khodc ndy kem ddt tiin han chiec do khodc kia)

• She speaks Italian less often than English

(Bd dy noi tieng Y kem thudng xuytn han tiSng Anh)

• Tarn's class-room is less high than Lam's but Lam's is the

least high of all

(Ldp hoc cda Tdm khong cao bdng Idp cua Ldm, nhitng Idp cua Ldm thi kem cao nhat (thdp nhdt) trong cdc Idp

NhOiig ngay nay ngLfcri ta i t dung less than va thtforng thay the bkng not so/as as nhat la nhOttig tinh tCf hay trang ti^ ng^n

Vd:

• I am not so rich as you = I am less rich than you

(Toi khong gidu bdng anh)

• Tam's class-room is not so high as Lam's

(Ldp hoc cua Tdm thi khong cao bdng Idp cua Ldm)

95

b) N§'u tinh tu" tan cung bkng Y t h i doi Y thanh I r6i them

dang so sanh vac neu trifdc Y la mot phu am

Vd:

dry happy merry

So sanh hon drier happier merrier

So sanh nhat driest happiest merriest

Neu trtfoc Y la mot nguyen am t h i khong doi Y thanh I

Vd:

gay grey

So sanh ho'n gayer greyer

So sanh nhat gayest greyest

c) Neu tinh tCf hay trang tCr tan cung bang mot phu am

trirdrc phu am la mot nguyen am doc t h i gap doi phu am trUdfc

khi them dang so sanh vao

red redder reddest

thin thinner thinnest

quiet quieter (I la nguyen am doc con

e l a nguyen am cam

So sdnh nhat quietest

Vd: • Canada's cold but Greenland's colder

(Canada thi lanh, nhung Greeland thi lanh han)

• Sweden, Canada, and Greenland are all cold, but Greenland

is the coldest

(Thuy Bien, Canada vd Greenland diu lanh, nhUng

Greeland thi lanh nhat)

94

• Vietnam is larger than Thailand

(Viit Nam thi Ion han Thai Lan)

• Vietnam, Thailand, and China are all large, but China is the largest

(Viet Nam, Thai Lan vd Trung Qud'c diu Idn, nhUng Trung Quoc thi Ion nhat)

• A car's more expensive than a motorbike

(Mot chiec xe hoi thi ddt tiin han mot chi^c xe gdn may

• Hue and Nha Trang are all beautiful, but Hue's the most beautiful

• The alephant is the biggest of all four-feeted animals

(Con voi thi Ion nhat trong tdt cd thu bon chdn)

II SOSANHKEM

Kem horn Kem nhat

Ta 't ca T T / T R T less + TT/TRT + than the least + TT/TRT

Vd:

• This coat is less expensive than that one

(ChiS'c do khodc ndy kem ddt tiin han chiec do khodc kia)

• She speaks Italian less often than English

(Bd dy noi tieng Y kem thudng xuytn han tiSng Anh)

• Tarn's class-room is less high than Lam's but Lam's is the

least high of all

(Ldp hoc cda Tdm khong cao bdng Idp cua Ldm, nhitng Idp cua Ldm thi kem cao nhat (thdp nhdt) trong cdc Idp

NhOiig ngay nay ngLfcri ta i t dung less than va thtforng thay the bkng not so/as as nhat la nhOttig tinh tCf hay trang ti^ ng^n

Vd:

• I am not so rich as you = I am less rich than you

(Toi khong gidu bdng anh)

• Tam's class-room is not so high as Lam's

(Ldp hoc cua Tdm thi khong cao bdng Idp cua Ldm)

95

I I I C A C D A N G S O S A N H C U A N H Q N G T I N H TL/ V A T R A N G TL/

K H O N G T H E O Q U I T A C

So sanh hcfn So sdnh n h a t

Good, well better the best

Bad, i l l worse the worst

Much more the more

M a n y more the most

L i t t l e less the least

F a r farther, further the farthest

old older, elder the oldest/ the eldest

I V GI61 TL/ D\jac D U N G SAU SO SANH N H A T HAY Cl/C CAP

Sau m o t sLf so sanh nhat, ngtfcfi ta dung giori tii " i n " trUdrc

nhffng danh tCr chi noi chon va gidri tit " o f t r o n g nhufng trUdng

hap khac

Vd:

Dd Lat let thanh pho dep nhdt d Viet Nam

• Dalat is the most beautiful i n Vietnam

Sat till cong dung nhdt trong cdc kim loai

• I r o n is the most useful of metals

V D U N G MORE VA MORE T H A N V 6 l D A N H TL/

1 K h i more dv^ofc d u n g vdfi d a n h tii, no thtfofng c 6 y

n g h i a l a them No k h o n g c a n d u n g t h a n

V d : Would you like sorne more tea?

(Ban dung them trd nUa nhe?)

Vd: Do you have enough coffee, or would you like some more?

(Ban uong cd phe khong, hay Id ban uong th^m nhe?)

96

4 M o r e t h a n duTofc d u n g voTi mpt so t o n g so h a y mpt

d a n h tu" de n o i rang con so, tong so t h a t sxi n h i e u htfn

Vd: • I have more t h a n ten books

(Toi CO hon mUdi quyen sdch)

• I like her more than her husband

(Toi tJiich CO ta han chSng c6 ta)

V I SO S A N H K E P

So sanh kep d i i n ta t i n h chat gia tSng hay g i a m d i

- T i n h txi ngan: dung t i n h tU er + t i n h tCf er

Vd: Days are getting shorter and shorter i n Autum

(Vdo mua tliu, ngdy dang trd n&n cdng ngdy cdng ngdn di)

- T i n h tCr dai: dung more and more + t i n h tif

V d : Our lessons are getting more and more difficult

(Cdc bdi hoc ciia chung ta cdng ngdy cdng kho han)

- T i n h tii chi sy k e m : dung less and less + t i n h tCf

V d : People can't read are less and less numerous

(NhUng ngudi khong biet doc ngdy cdng it di)

V I I SO S A N H B A N G N H A U V 6 l THE SAME AS

- The same as dUgrc dung vdri danh tCf

V d :

• I have the same address as M r T h o n g

(Tdi CO cung dia chi udi ong Thong)

• I bought the same car as yours

(Toi dd mua chiec xe gidng y nhu xe cua anh)

- The same as dufo'c dCing vdfi danh tii di/grc hieu n g a m

V d : M y address is not the same as yours

(Dia chi cua tdi khong gidng dia chi cua anh)

97

I I I C A C D A N G S O S A N H C U A N H Q N G T I N H TL/ V A T R A N G TL/

K H O N G T H E O Q U I T A C

So sanh hcfn So sdnh n h a t

Good, well better the best

Bad, i l l worse the worst

Much more the more

M a n y more the most

L i t t l e less the least

F a r farther, further the farthest

old older, elder the oldest/ the eldest

I V GI61 TL/ D\jac D U N G SAU SO SANH N H A T HAY Cl/C CAP

Sau m o t sLf so sanh nhat, ngtfcfi ta dung giori tii " i n " trUdrc

nhffng danh tCr chi noi chon va gidri tit " o f t r o n g nhufng trUdng

hap khac

Vd:

Dd Lat let thanh pho dep nhdt d Viet Nam

• Dalat is the most beautiful i n Vietnam

Sat till cong dung nhdt trong cdc kim loai

• I r o n is the most useful of metals

V D U N G MORE VA MORE T H A N V 6 l D A N H TL/

1 K h i more dv^ofc d u n g vdfi d a n h tii, no thtfofng c 6 y

n g h i a l a them No k h o n g c a n d u n g t h a n

V d : Would you like sorne more tea?

(Ban dung them trd nUa nhe?)

Vd: Do you have enough coffee, or would you like some more?

(Ban uong cd phe khong, hay Id ban uong th^m nhe?)

96

4 M o r e t h a n duTofc d u n g voTi mpt so t o n g so h a y mpt

d a n h tu" de n o i rang con so, tong so t h a t sxi n h i e u htfn

Vd: • I have more t h a n ten books

(Toi CO hon mUdi quyen sdch)

• I like her more than her husband

(Toi tJiich CO ta han chSng c6 ta)

V I SO S A N H K E P

So sanh kep d i i n ta t i n h chat gia tSng hay g i a m d i

- T i n h txi ngan: dung t i n h tU er + t i n h tCf er

Vd: Days are getting shorter and shorter i n Autum

(Vdo mua tliu, ngdy dang trd n&n cdng ngdy cdng ngdn di)

- T i n h tCr dai: dung more and more + t i n h tif

V d : Our lessons are getting more and more difficult

(Cdc bdi hoc ciia chung ta cdng ngdy cdng kho han)

- T i n h tii chi sy k e m : dung less and less + t i n h tCf

V d : People can't read are less and less numerous

(NhUng ngudi khong biet doc ngdy cdng it di)

V I I SO S A N H B A N G N H A U V 6 l THE SAME AS

- The same as dUgrc dung vdri danh tCf

V d :

• I have the same address as M r T h o n g

(Tdi CO cung dia chi udi ong Thong)

• I bought the same car as yours

(Toi dd mua chiec xe gidng y nhu xe cua anh)

- The same as dufo'c dCing vdfi danh tii di/grc hieu n g a m

V d : M y address is not the same as yours

(Dia chi cua tdi khong gidng dia chi cua anh)

97

VIII so SANH vd! SIMILAR, LIKE, ALIKE VA DIFFERENT

Ngoai SLT S O sanh thuofng dung vdri more, less, va as c6n c6

c^ch khac de diin ta sir so sAnh

Loai I:

Like (giong vdri)

A is similar to (tiTcfng tiT vdri) B

Different from (khac vdri Vd:

• Lien is like her mother in many ways

(Li^n giong me c6 dy thao nhiiu each)

• His new coat is similar to his father's

(Ao khodc mat ciia anh dy tuang tu nhiC do khodc mdi cua

cha anh dy)

• The new clothes are different from the old ones

(Qudn do mdi thi khac vdi qudn do cu)

Loai I I

alike (giong nhau)

A and B are similar (tiTcfng tir nhau)

Different (khac nhau) Vd:

• A college and a high school are alike

(Mot trUang coo ddng vd mot trUdng trung hoc thi giong nhau)

• Jane and her sister look very similar

(Jane vd em gdi c6 dy rdt giong nhau)

• American customs and European customs are often different

(Pliong tuc cua My vd phong tuc cua chdu Au thudng khdc nhau)

98

BAI TAP ^

18 C h o n tijf diing de d i e n vao ch6 tro'ng t u y theo nghia (Choose the c o r r e c t completion a c c o r d i n g to the meaning)

1 Tom's (old) than Binh; so Binh's (young) „

than Tom

(T6m thi Ian tudi han Binh; vdy Binh nhd tu6i han Tom)

a) more old - more young c) more old - younger b) older - more young d) older - younger

2 In English, Mai's (good) „ than Thuy; so Thuy's (bad) „._ than Mai

(Trong mon tieng Anh, Mai gioi han Thuy; vdy Thuy dd han Mai)

a) gooder - badder c) better - worse b) more good - more bad d) better - worst

3 English, French, and Chinese are all foreign languages

Chinese is (difficult) „ and English is (easy)

(Ti&'ng Anh, tieng Phdp, vd ti^'ng Hoa diu Id ngoai ngd

TiS'ng Hoa tlii kho nhdt, con tiS'ng Anh thi di nhdt)

a) the most difficult - the most easy b) the most difficult - the easiest c) the difficultest - the easiest d) b + c

4 This exercise isn't very difficult The next exercise is (difficult) than this one

(Bdi tap nay klwng kho Idm Bdi tap kho han bdi tap ndy nhiiu)

a) much more difficult c) more difficult much b) more much difficult d) a + b

99

VIII so SANH vd! SIMILAR, LIKE, ALIKE VA DIFFERENT

Ngoai SLT S O sanh thuofng dung vdri more, less, va as c6n c6

c^ch khac de diin ta sir so sAnh

Loai I:

Like (giong vdri)

A is similar to (tiTcfng tiT vdri) B

Different from (khac vdri Vd:

• Lien is like her mother in many ways

(Li^n giong me c6 dy thao nhiiu each)

• His new coat is similar to his father's

(Ao khodc mat ciia anh dy tuang tu nhiC do khodc mdi cua

cha anh dy)

• The new clothes are different from the old ones

(Qudn do mdi thi khac vdi qudn do cu)

Loai I I

alike (giong nhau)

A and B are similar (tiTcfng tir nhau)

Different (khac nhau) Vd:

• A college and a high school are alike

(Mot trUang coo ddng vd mot trUdng trung hoc thi giong nhau)

• Jane and her sister look very similar

(Jane vd em gdi c6 dy rdt giong nhau)

• American customs and European customs are often different

(Pliong tuc cua My vd phong tuc cua chdu Au thudng khdc nhau)

98

BAI TAP ^

18 C h o n tijf diing de d i e n vao ch6 tro'ng t u y theo nghia (Choose the c o r r e c t completion a c c o r d i n g to the meaning)

1 Tom's (old) than Binh; so Binh's (young) „

than Tom

(T6m thi Ian tudi han Binh; vdy Binh nhd tu6i han Tom)

a) more old - more young c) more old - younger b) older - more young d) older - younger

2 In English, Mai's (good) „ than Thuy; so Thuy's (bad) „._ than Mai

(Trong mon tieng Anh, Mai gioi han Thuy; vdy Thuy dd han Mai)

a) gooder - badder c) better - worse b) more good - more bad d) better - worst

3 English, French, and Chinese are all foreign languages

Chinese is (difficult) „ and English is (easy)

(Ti&'ng Anh, tieng Phdp, vd ti^'ng Hoa diu Id ngoai ngd

TiS'ng Hoa tlii kho nhdt, con tiS'ng Anh thi di nhdt)

a) the most difficult - the most easy b) the most difficult - the easiest c) the difficultest - the easiest d) b + c

4 This exercise isn't very difficult The next exercise is (difficult) than this one

(Bdi tap nay klwng kho Idm Bdi tap kho han bdi tap ndy nhiiu)

a) much more difficult c) more difficult much b) more much difficult d) a + b

99

5. You can read (quickly) than I can; so I can't read

(quickly) as vou

(Anh CO the doc nhanh han tdi, vdy toi khong thi doc nhanh

bdng anh)

a) quicklier - as quickly c) more quickly - less quickly

b) more quickly - as quickly d) b + c

6. Harry won (money) than Bill; so Bill didn't win

(money) as Harry

(Harry thdng dugc nhiku tiin han Bill; vdy Bill khdng thdng

dilgc nhieu tien bdng Bill)

a) much money - much money

b) much more money - much more money

c) more money - as much money

d) much more money - as money

7. Dogs are (friendly) than cats; so cats aren't (friendly)

(Viec Idm ciia My thi tot han viec Idm cua toi; vdy vice Idm

cua toi thi te han viec Idm cua co dy)

a) gooder - badder much

b) more good - more bad much

c) better - worse

d) better - less bad

9 The streets of Paris are (clean) than the streets of New York; and the streets of New York are (dirty)

(Cdc dudng pho ciia Paris thi sgch han cdc diiang pho ciia New York vd cdc dUdng pho ciia New York thi do hon nhieu)

a) more clean - more dirty much b) cleaner - much dirtier

c) cleaner - dirtier much d) more cleaner - much dirty

10. He speaks English (fluently) than I do and I speak

•12. This is (easy) exercise in this book

(Bay Id bdi tap di nhdt trong sdch nay)

- No, it'isn't It's (difficult)

(Khong phdi No Id bdi tap kho nhdt)

a) the most easy - the most difficult b) the most easiest - the most difficult c) the easiest - the most difficult d) the easiest - the difficultest

101

5. You can read (quickly) than I can; so I can't read

(quickly) as vou

(Anh CO the doc nhanh han tdi, vdy toi khong thi doc nhanh

bdng anh)

a) quicklier - as quickly c) more quickly - less quickly

b) more quickly - as quickly d) b + c

6. Harry won (money) than Bill; so Bill didn't win

(money) as Harry

(Harry thdng dugc nhiku tiin han Bill; vdy Bill khdng thdng

dilgc nhieu tien bdng Bill)

a) much money - much money

b) much more money - much more money

c) more money - as much money

d) much more money - as money

7. Dogs are (friendly) than cats; so cats aren't (friendly)

(Viec Idm ciia My thi tot han viec Idm cua toi; vdy vice Idm

cua toi thi te han viec Idm cua co dy)

a) gooder - badder much

b) more good - more bad much

c) better - worse

d) better - less bad

9 The streets of Paris are (clean) than the streets of New York; and the streets of New York are (dirty)

(Cdc dudng pho ciia Paris thi sgch han cdc diiang pho ciia New York vd cdc dUdng pho ciia New York thi do hon nhieu)

a) more clean - more dirty much b) cleaner - much dirtier

c) cleaner - dirtier much d) more cleaner - much dirty

10. He speaks English (fluently) than I do and I speak

•12. This is (easy) exercise in this book

(Bay Id bdi tap di nhdt trong sdch nay)

- No, it'isn't It's (difficult)

(Khong phdi No Id bdi tap kho nhdt)

a) the most easy - the most difficult b) the most easiest - the most difficult c) the easiest - the most difficult d) the easiest - the difficultest

101

13 Mount Everest is (low) i n the world

(Nui Everest thi thdp nhdt trin tM gidi)

No, I isn't It's (high)

-(Khong phdi No thi coo nhdt)

a) the moost low - the most high

b) the most lower - the most higher

c) the lowest - the high

d) the lowest - the highest

14 The elephant is (smal) of all four - footed animals

(Voi thi nhd nhdt trong tdt cd con thu bSn chdn)

- No, i t isn't It's (big)

(Khong phdi No thi Idn nhdt)

a) the most small - the most big

b) the smaller - the bigger

c) the smallest - the biggest

d) the smallest - the bigest

15 Lien is (bad) student at English i n the form

(LiSn Id hoc sinh dd mon tiing Anh nhdt trong lap)

- No, she isn't She's (good)

(Khong phdi Chi dy gidi nhdt)

a) the most bad - the most good

b) the worst - the best

c) the baddest - the goodest

d) the worse - the better

16 Lan arrived (late) than Lien

(Lan den tr§ hon Lien)

- No, she didn't She arrived (early)

(Khong plidi Co dy den sdm hon)

a) later - earlier c) later - more early

b) more late - earlier d) latest - earliest

102

17 She bought (cheap) watch i n the shop

(Chi dy mua chiec dong ho re nhdt trong ciia hieu)

- No, she didn't She bought (expensive)

(Khong phdi Chi dy mua chiec ddt nhdt)

a) the most cheap - the most expensive b) the cheapest - the most expensive c) the cheaper - the most expensive d) the cheapest - the more expensive

18 He is (intelligent) of all the family and is always

(first) of his form

(No thong minli nhdt trong gia dinh vd luon luon diing nhdt Idp)

a) the most intelligent - the first b) the most intelligent - firstest c) the most intelligent - first d) a + c

19 She is (wise) and (beautiful) of the two sisters

(Chi dy Id ngiidi thong niinh nhdt vd dep nhdt trong hai chi em)

a) the wisest - the most beautiful b) wisest - most beautiful

c) wise - more beautiful d) b + c

20 She is (wise) and (beautiful) of the three sisters

(Chi dy Id ngudi thong minh nhdt vd dep nhdt trong ba chi em)

a) the wisest - the most beautiful b) wiser - more beautiful

c) the wisest - the more beautiful d) the wisest - most beautiful

103

13 Mount Everest is (low) i n the world

(Nui Everest thi thdp nhdt trin tM gidi)

No, I isn't It's (high)

-(Khong phdi No thi coo nhdt)

a) the moost low - the most high

b) the most lower - the most higher

c) the lowest - the high

d) the lowest - the highest

14 The elephant is (smal) of all four - footed animals

(Voi thi nhd nhdt trong tdt cd con thu bSn chdn)

- No, i t isn't It's (big)

(Khong phdi No thi Idn nhdt)

a) the most small - the most big

b) the smaller - the bigger

c) the smallest - the biggest

d) the smallest - the bigest

15 Lien is (bad) student at English i n the form

(LiSn Id hoc sinh dd mon tiing Anh nhdt trong lap)

- No, she isn't She's (good)

(Khong phdi Chi dy gidi nhdt)

a) the most bad - the most good

b) the worst - the best

c) the baddest - the goodest

d) the worse - the better

16 Lan arrived (late) than Lien

(Lan den tr§ hon Lien)

- No, she didn't She arrived (early)

(Khong plidi Co dy den sdm hon)

a) later - earlier c) later - more early

b) more late - earlier d) latest - earliest

102

17 She bought (cheap) watch i n the shop

(Chi dy mua chiec dong ho re nhdt trong ciia hieu)

- No, she didn't She bought (expensive)

(Khong phdi Chi dy mua chiec ddt nhdt)

a) the most cheap - the most expensive b) the cheapest - the most expensive c) the cheaper - the most expensive d) the cheapest - the more expensive

18 He is (intelligent) of all the family and is always

(first) of his form

(No thong minli nhdt trong gia dinh vd luon luon diing nhdt Idp)

a) the most intelligent - the first b) the most intelligent - firstest c) the most intelligent - first d) a + c

19 She is (wise) and (beautiful) of the two sisters

(Chi dy Id ngiidi thong niinh nhdt vd dep nhdt trong hai chi em)

a) the wisest - the most beautiful b) wisest - most beautiful

c) wise - more beautiful d) b + c

20 She is (wise) and (beautiful) of the three sisters

(Chi dy Id ngudi thong minh nhdt vd dep nhdt trong ba chi em)

a) the wisest - the most beautiful b) wiser - more beautiful

c) the wisest - the more beautiful d) the wisest - most beautiful

103

19, C h o n tu- t h i c h hgfp de d i e n v a o c h 6 t r o n g m d i c a u

t u y t h e o n g h I a ( C h o o s e t h e a p p r o p r i a t e w o r d to f i l l i n

t h e g a p s i n e a c h s e n t e n c e a c c o r d i n g to t h e m e a n i n g )

1 I f we aren't lazy, our lessons w i l l become (easy)

(Neu cluing la khong luai, cdc bai hoc cua chung ta se trd

nen cdng de)

a) easy and easy

b) easier and easier

c) more and more easy

c) easier and easie

d) less and less easy

2 The cities of our country are (large)

(Cdc thdnh pho a nUdc ta cdng ngdy cdng Idn)

a) larger and larger c) large a n d large

b) more and more large d) less a n d less large

4 Nowadays, the architecture of the b u i l d i n g is (modern)

(Ngdy nay loi kien true cao 6c cdng ngdy cdng hien dai)

a) moderner and moderner c) less a n d less m o d e r n

b) more and more m o d e r n d) a + b

5 F i s h i n g was g r o w i n g (profitable)

(Viec ddnh cci cdng ngdy cdng trd nen kem Igi nhudn)

a) more and more profitable c) less and less profitable

b) p r o f i t a b l e r and profitabler d) a + c

104

6 T h e i r attacks became (violent)

(Cac cuoc t a n cong cua ho cang liic cang k e m ac l i e t ) a) v i o l e n t e r and v i o l e n t e r c) less a n d less v i o l e n t b) moreand more v i o l e n t d) b + c

8 We were so glad we had a r r i v e d early at the t i c k e t office As

we w a i t e d for i t to open, the line got (long)

(Chung toi sung sUang Id chung toi da tdi sdm d phong bdn

ve Khi chung toi clia no md ciia hdng ngudi moi luc mot ddi)

a) more a n d more long c) longer a n d longer b) less and less long d) long and l o n g

9 Textbooks ai'e costly They are g e t t i n g (expensive) every year

(Sdch gido khoa thi ddt tien Sdch moi ndm mot trd n^n ddt hen)

a) less and loss expensive c) expensi ver a n d expensiver b) more and more expensive d) expensive a n d expensive

10 M y father always w a n t s to k n o w e v e r y t h i n g t h a t is going on

i a the w o r l d He reads m a n y t h a n I do

(Cha toi luon luon muon biet moi viec dang xdy ra tr&n the gidi 6ng doc nhieu tin trie han toi)

a) more exercises c) as exercises b) less exrcises d) much exercises

11 I ' m lonely 1 wish I had to go places w i t h a n d spend

t i m e w i t h (Toi c6 cfgc. Ifov gi toi co ban de ciing ho di moi nai

vd tieu plia tJii gid)

a) friends c) m a n y friends b) more friends d) other friends

105

19, C h o n tu- t h i c h hgfp de d i e n v a o c h 6 t r o n g m d i c a u

t u y t h e o n g h I a ( C h o o s e t h e a p p r o p r i a t e w o r d to f i l l i n

t h e g a p s i n e a c h s e n t e n c e a c c o r d i n g to t h e m e a n i n g )

1 I f we aren't lazy, our lessons w i l l become (easy)

(Neu cluing la khong luai, cdc bai hoc cua chung ta se trd

nen cdng de)

a) easy and easy

b) easier and easier

c) more and more easy

c) easier and easie

d) less and less easy

2 The cities of our country are (large)

(Cdc thdnh pho a nUdc ta cdng ngdy cdng Idn)

a) larger and larger c) large a n d large

b) more and more large d) less a n d less large

4 Nowadays, the architecture of the b u i l d i n g is (modern)

(Ngdy nay loi kien true cao 6c cdng ngdy cdng hien dai)

a) moderner and moderner c) less a n d less m o d e r n

b) more and more m o d e r n d) a + b

5 F i s h i n g was g r o w i n g (profitable)

(Viec ddnh cci cdng ngdy cdng trd nen kem Igi nhudn)

a) more and more profitable c) less and less profitable

b) p r o f i t a b l e r and profitabler d) a + c

104

6 T h e i r attacks became (violent)

(Cac cuoc t a n cong cua ho cang liic cang k e m ac l i e t ) a) v i o l e n t e r and v i o l e n t e r c) less a n d less v i o l e n t b) moreand more v i o l e n t d) b + c

8 We were so glad we had a r r i v e d early at the t i c k e t office As

we w a i t e d for i t to open, the line got (long)

(Chung toi sung sUang Id chung toi da tdi sdm d phong bdn

ve Khi chung toi clia no md ciia hdng ngudi moi luc mot ddi)

a) more a n d more long c) longer a n d longer b) less and less long d) long and l o n g

9 Textbooks ai'e costly They are g e t t i n g (expensive) every year

(Sdch gido khoa thi ddt tien Sdch moi ndm mot trd n^n ddt hen)

a) less and loss expensive c) expensi ver a n d expensiver b) more and more expensive d) expensive a n d expensive

10 M y father always w a n t s to k n o w e v e r y t h i n g t h a t is going on

i a the w o r l d He reads m a n y t h a n I do

(Cha toi luon luon muon biet moi viec dang xdy ra tr&n the gidi 6ng doc nhieu tin trie han toi)

a) more exercises c) as exercises b) less exrcises d) much exercises

11 I ' m lonely 1 wish I had to go places w i t h a n d spend

t i m e w i t h (Toi c6 cfgc. Ifov gi toi co ban de ciing ho di moi nai

vd tieu plia tJii gid)

a) friends c) m a n y friends b) more friends d) other friends

105

12 The judge interviewed forty witnesses

(Quart toa da phong vdn hart bdn mud nhdn chiing)

a) more than c) more than once

b) more than ever d) more than double

13 My coat is different yours

(Ao khodc ciia toi thi khdc udi do khodc cua anh)

a) from b) to c) as d) like

14 Our apartment is similar my cousin's

(Can hp ciia chtlng toi thi tiiang tiX v6i c&n hp cua anh hp tdi)

a) as b) to c) from d) like

15 The news report was the same the report we heard

on Channel Six last night

(Bdn tudng thudt tin ttic cung giong nhii bdn tiCdng thudt

md chung toi dd nghe tr^n k&nh sdu toi qua)

a) to b)Trom c) as d) alike

16 My mother and my father rarely argue because they think

(Me toivd cha toihiem khi tranh cat vi lip suy nghigiong nhau)

a) similar b) the same c) like d) alike

17 This lamp doesn't look the one I ordered

(Chi^c den nay trong khong giong vai chi^c den tdi dd d^t mua)

a) same b) similar c) like d) alike

18 How is the North Pole from the South Pole?

(Bdc clic khdc vdi Nam ci/c nhU the ndo?)

a) like b) different c) alike d) similar

19 Some people think my sister and I are twins We look

and talk but our personalities are quite

(Mot so ngiiai nghl chi tdi vd toi Id hai chi em sinh doi

Chung toi trong giong nhau vd ndi chuyen giong nhau nhUng

nhdn cdch chung toi khd khdc nhau)

d) a + b

l o ; ^

12 The judge interviewed forty witnesses

(Quart toa da phong vdn hart bdn mud nhdn chiing)

a) more than c) more than once

b) more than ever d) more than double

13 My coat is different yours

(Ao khodc ciia toi thi khdc udi do khodc cua anh)

a) from b) to c) as d) like

14 Our apartment is similar my cousin's

(Can hp ciia chtlng toi thi tiiang tiX v6i c&n hp cua anh hp tdi)

a) as b) to c) from d) like

15 The news report was the same the report we heard

on Channel Six last night

(Bdn tudng thudt tin ttic cung giong nhii bdn tiCdng thudt

md chung toi dd nghe tr^n k&nh sdu toi qua)

a) to b)Trom c) as d) alike

16 My mother and my father rarely argue because they think

(Me toivd cha toihiem khi tranh cat vi lip suy nghigiong nhau)

a) similar b) the same c) like d) alike

17 This lamp doesn't look the one I ordered

(Chi^c den nay trong khong giong vai chi^c den tdi dd d^t mua)

a) same b) similar c) like d) alike

18 How is the North Pole from the South Pole?

(Bdc clic khdc vdi Nam ci/c nhU the ndo?)

a) like b) different c) alike d) similar

19 Some people think my sister and I are twins We look

and talk but our personalities are quite

(Mot so ngiiai nghl chi tdi vd toi Id hai chi em sinh doi

Chung toi trong giong nhau vd ndi chuyen giong nhau nhUng

nhdn cdch chung toi khd khdc nhau)

d) a + b

l o ; ^

CHaONG V

DANG B! DONG

Viec dung dang b i dong la mot dSc diem quan t r o n g trong

tieng A n h No dtfo'c tao t h a n h vdi nhOng t h i khac nhau cua

dong tii BE va qua khuf phan tii cua dong tCf chinh:

Be + qua khuf phan tCr Trong dang b i dong, chii ngff nhan h a n h dong; noi each

khac, chii nguf bi tac dong bdi ngifdi nao do hay vat nao do

dUtfe goi la tac n h a n (agent) Gidi tii by luon luon dufng trUdrc

tac nhan

1 C a c the

- The k h a n g dinh: Chu ngff + be + qua khuf phan tff

- The phii dinh: Chu ngff + be + not + qua khuf phan tff

- The nghi van: Be + chu ngff + qua khuf phan tii

2 C a c t h i

Tat ea cac t h i bi dong dffgfc t h a n h lap theo eung mot each

nhff t r e n T h i cua dong tff Be thay doi dffa den sff khac nhau

cua cac t h i trong dang b i dong

a) T h i h i e n t a i do'n: Chii ngff + am/is/are + qua khff phan tff

Vd: Champagne i s made i n France

(Ri/au Sdm bank dugc lam tai Phdp)

b) T h i qua khff do'n: Chii ngff + was/were + qua khff phan tff

Vd: President Kennedy was killed i n Dallas i n 1963

(Tong thong Kennedy bi giet hai tai Dallas nam 1963)

c) T h i tffo'ng l a i dcfn: Chu ngff + w i l l + be + qua khff phan tff

Vd: This room w i l l be painted bleu

(Can phdng nay se dugc son xanh)

d) T h i hien t a i di§n tien: Chu ngff + am/is/are + being + qua

khff phan tff

1 0 8

Yd: This hotel is being redecorated

(Khdch sgn nay dang dugc trang tri lg.i)

e) T h i qua khff di§n tien: Chu ngff + was/ were + being + qua khff phan tff

Vd: The television was being repaired when i t exploided

(May truyen hinh (da) dang dugc si}a thi no no)

f) T h i hien t a i hoan t h a n h : Chu ngff + have/has + been + qu^ khff phan tu'

Vd: The building has been knocked down

(Cao 6c kia da bi gigt sap)

Nguyen mSu bi dong (be done, be mended, be painted ) dffgfc dung vdi cac dong tff k h i e m khuyet va trgf dong tff phu

Vd: Experiments on animals should be stopped

(Cac thi nghiem tren dong vat n&n diCgc dinh chi)

Chu dong: Shakespeare wrote Hamlet

(Shakespeare dd vi^t quyen Hamlet)

Bi dong: Hamlet was w r i t t e n by Shakespeare

(Quyen Hamlet da dugc viet bdi Shakespeare)

2. Dang b i dong khong phai la each dien dat khac cua mot cau d dang chu dong Chung ta chon dang chu dong hay dang

bi dong tuy thuoc vao dieu chung ta quan t a m hcfn

CHaONG V

DANG B! DONG

Viec dung dang b i dong la mot dSc diem quan t r o n g trong

tieng A n h No dtfo'c tao t h a n h vdi nhOng t h i khac nhau cua

dong tii BE va qua khuf phan tii cua dong tCf chinh:

Be + qua khuf phan tCr Trong dang b i dong, chii ngff nhan h a n h dong; noi each

khac, chii nguf bi tac dong bdi ngifdi nao do hay vat nao do

dUtfe goi la tac n h a n (agent) Gidi tii by luon luon dufng trUdrc

tac nhan

1 C a c the

- The k h a n g dinh: Chu ngff + be + qua khuf phan tff

- The phii dinh: Chu ngff + be + not + qua khuf phan tff

- The nghi van: Be + chu ngff + qua khuf phan tii

2 C a c t h i

Tat ea cac t h i bi dong dffgfc t h a n h lap theo eung mot each

nhff t r e n T h i cua dong tff Be thay doi dffa den sff khac nhau

cua cac t h i trong dang b i dong

a) T h i h i e n t a i do'n: Chii ngff + am/is/are + qua khff phan tff

Vd: Champagne i s made i n France

(Ri/au Sdm bank dugc lam tai Phdp)

b) T h i qua khff do'n: Chii ngff + was/were + qua khff phan tff

Vd: President Kennedy was killed i n Dallas i n 1963

(Tong thong Kennedy bi giet hai tai Dallas nam 1963)

c) T h i tffo'ng l a i dcfn: Chu ngff + w i l l + be + qua khff phan tff

Vd: This room w i l l be painted bleu

(Can phdng nay se dugc son xanh)

d) T h i hien t a i di§n tien: Chu ngff + am/is/are + being + qua

khff phan tff

1 0 8

Yd: This hotel is being redecorated

(Khdch sgn nay dang dugc trang tri lg.i)

e) T h i qua khff di§n tien: Chu ngff + was/ were + being + qua khff phan tff

Vd: The television was being repaired when i t exploided

(May truyen hinh (da) dang dugc si}a thi no no)

f) T h i hien t a i hoan t h a n h : Chu ngff + have/has + been + qu^ khff phan tu'

Vd: The building has been knocked down

(Cao 6c kia da bi gigt sap)

Nguyen mSu bi dong (be done, be mended, be painted ) dffgfc dung vdi cac dong tff k h i e m khuyet va trgf dong tff phu

Vd: Experiments on animals should be stopped

(Cac thi nghiem tren dong vat n&n diCgc dinh chi)

Chu dong: Shakespeare wrote Hamlet

(Shakespeare dd vi^t quyen Hamlet)

Bi dong: Hamlet was w r i t t e n by Shakespeare

(Quyen Hamlet da dugc viet bdi Shakespeare)

2. Dang b i dong khong phai la each dien dat khac cua mot cau d dang chu dong Chung ta chon dang chu dong hay dang

bi dong tuy thuoc vao dieu chung ta quan t a m hcfn

• Shakespeare wrote comedies, histories, a n d tragedies

(Shakespeare dd viet nhQng hdi kick, Itch sii vd bi kick)

(Chung ta quan tarn den Shakespeare)

> G h i c h u :

M o t v a i dong tCr nhtf give, send c6 h a i tiic tCr h a y t a n nguf,

mot l a ngLfo 'i, mot la do v a t :

Vd: She gave me a book for my birthday

(Bd dy dd cho toi mot quyeii sdch nhdn ngdy sinh nhat toi)

K h i chuyen sang dang bi dpng, chiing ta c6 the chon tiic t i i triTc

tiep hoac tiic tCf gian tiep l a m chu ngS

Vd: I w a s given a book for my birthday

(Toi dd dugc cho mot quyen sdch nhdn ngdy sinh nhat toi)

A book w a s given to me for my birthday

(Mot cuon sdch dd dugc tang cho toi de lam qud sinh nhat)

3 Tac n h a n r a t thiio'ng diipc bo di trong cau bi dong Viec

nay c6 the v i :

a) Tac n h a n khong dtfo'c biet

Vd: M y flat w a s burgled yesterday

(H6m qua can hg toi dd bi trgm) (Ai trgm: khong biet)

b) Tac n h a n khong quan trong:

Vd: The bridge w a s built i n 1876

(Chiec can ndy dUgc xdy vdo nam 1876) (Ai xay: khong

quan trong)

c) Tac n h a n dtfo'c hieu ngam

Vd: He was fined 100 for speeding

(Anh ta bi phgt 100 bang Anh vi chgy xe vugt toe do giai

hgn) (Ai phat: moi ngiioi deu biet la canh sat)

4 Dang bi dong dtipc ket hpp vdi h i n h thufc v6 ngoi

Vd: Customers are requested to refrain from smoking

(Khdch lidng dugc yeu cau kiem che viec hiit thud'c)

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5 Dang bi dong dUtfc t r a n h dung trong van noi t h a n m a t

Vd: • They're building a new bridge aross the Thames

(NgiM ta dung xdy mot chi^c c6u mci bdt qua sdng Tfiames)

• You don't see many saunas i n B r i t a i n

(Anh khong thdy nhiiu phdng tdm hai d Anh)

> G h i c h i i

nhOfng chu nguf nhu: we, they, people, someone dLfgrc bo di trong cau bi dong

Vd: • People grow rice i n India

(Ngudi ta trong lua d An Do)

• Rice is grown i n India

(Lua dugc trong d An Do)

2 TCr "ngLioi t a " trong tieng Viet dirgrc dich sang t i e n g A n h

bang dang b i dong

Vd: Ngirdi t a da xay ngoi nha nay vac n a m 1904 This house was built i n 1904

(Ngoi nha ndy diCgc xdy nam 1904)

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• Shakespeare wrote comedies, histories, a n d tragedies

(Shakespeare dd viet nhQng hdi kick, Itch sii vd bi kick)

(Chung ta quan tarn den Shakespeare)

> G h i c h u :

M o t v a i dong tCr nhtf give, send c6 h a i tiic tCr h a y t a n nguf,

mot l a ngLfo 'i, mot la do v a t :

Vd: She gave me a book for my birthday

(Bd dy dd cho toi mot quyeii sdch nhdn ngdy sinh nhat toi)

K h i chuyen sang dang bi dpng, chiing ta c6 the chon tiic t i i triTc

tiep hoac tiic tCf gian tiep l a m chu ngS

Vd: I w a s given a book for my birthday

(Toi dd dugc cho mot quyen sdch nhdn ngdy sinh nhat toi)

A book w a s given to me for my birthday

(Mot cuon sdch dd dugc tang cho toi de lam qud sinh nhat)

3 Tac n h a n r a t thiio'ng diipc bo di trong cau bi dong Viec

nay c6 the v i :

a) Tac n h a n khong dtfo'c biet

Vd: M y flat w a s burgled yesterday

(H6m qua can hg toi dd bi trgm) (Ai trgm: khong biet)

b) Tac n h a n khong quan trong:

Vd: The bridge w a s built i n 1876

(Chiec can ndy dUgc xdy vdo nam 1876) (Ai xay: khong

quan trong)

c) Tac n h a n dtfo'c hieu ngam

Vd: He was fined 100 for speeding

(Anh ta bi phgt 100 bang Anh vi chgy xe vugt toe do giai

hgn) (Ai phat: moi ngiioi deu biet la canh sat)

4 Dang bi dong dtipc ket hpp vdi h i n h thufc v6 ngoi

Vd: Customers are requested to refrain from smoking

(Khdch lidng dugc yeu cau kiem che viec hiit thud'c)

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5 Dang bi dong dUtfc t r a n h dung trong van noi t h a n m a t

Vd: • They're building a new bridge aross the Thames

(NgiM ta dung xdy mot chi^c c6u mci bdt qua sdng Tfiames)

• You don't see many saunas i n B r i t a i n

(Anh khong thdy nhiiu phdng tdm hai d Anh)

> G h i c h i i

nhOfng chu nguf nhu: we, they, people, someone dLfgrc bo di trong cau bi dong

Vd: • People grow rice i n India

(Ngudi ta trong lua d An Do)

• Rice is grown i n India

(Lua dugc trong d An Do)

2 TCr "ngLioi t a " trong tieng Viet dirgrc dich sang t i e n g A n h

bang dang b i dong

Vd: Ngirdi t a da xay ngoi nha nay vac n a m 1904 This house was built i n 1904

(Ngoi nha ndy diCgc xdy nam 1904)

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B A I T A P

20 D o i nhiyng c a u s a u d a y sang d a n g b i dong C h o n

c a u t r a lofi d i i n g ( C h a n g e the following into the p a s s i v e

C h o o s e the c o r r e c t a n s w e r s )

1. The m i l k m a n brings mill^ to my door

(Ngi/di giao si7a inang sila den cita nhd toi)

a) The m i l k is brought to my door

b) The m i l k was brought to my door

c) The m i l k are brought to mu door

d) The m i l k is the m i l k m a n brought to my door

2 My grandmother makes her own bread

(Bd toi Idni bdnJi mi cho rieiig mirih)

a) Her own bread is made by my grandmother

b) This bread is made by my grandmother

d) Bread is made by my own grandmother

3. A car took Bob to the hospital

(Mot chiec xe dd cha Bob vdo nhd thi(ang)

a) Bob was taken to the hospital by someone

b) A car was taken Bob to the hospital

c) Bob was taken to the hospital by a car

d) Someone drove Bob to the hospital

4. Someone w i l l inform you of the test results

(NgUdi ta se bdo cha anh biet cdc ket qud cila kl Idem tra)

a) You w i l l inform someone of the test results

b) The test of the results w i l l be informed of you

c) You w i l l be informed of the test by someone

d) You w i l l be informed of the test results

112

5 M i l l i o n s of tourists have visited the pyramids i n Egypt

(Hang trieu du khdch da vi^ng tli&m cdc kim tu thdp d Ai Cap)

a) The pyramids are visited by millions of tourists b) The pyramids i n Egypt were visited by millions of tourists c) The p y r a m i d s i n E g y p t have b e e n - v i s i t e d by m i l l i o n s

of t o u r i s t s d) The p y r a m i d s i n Egypt has been v i s i t e d by m i l l i o n s of

c) The Great W a l l of China was built more than 2500 years ago by Chinese emperors

d) The Great W a l l of China were built by Chinese emperors more than 2500 years ago

7. B i g fish eat small fish

(Cd Idn nudt cd be)

a) Small fish is eaten by big fish

b) Small fish are eatan by big fish

" c) Small fish was eaten by fish

d) Small fish were eaten by big fish

8. Scientists i n the twenty-first century w i l l discover new information about the universe

(Cdc nhd khoa hoc d the ki hai mitcfi mot se khdm phd thong tin mdi ve vu tru)

a) New information about the universe w i l l be discovered by scientists i n the twenty-first century

113

B A I T A P

20 D o i nhiyng c a u s a u d a y sang d a n g b i dong C h o n

c a u t r a lofi d i i n g ( C h a n g e the following into the p a s s i v e

C h o o s e the c o r r e c t a n s w e r s )

1. The m i l k m a n brings mill^ to my door

(Ngi/di giao si7a inang sila den cita nhd toi)

a) The m i l k is brought to my door

b) The m i l k was brought to my door

c) The m i l k are brought to mu door

d) The m i l k is the m i l k m a n brought to my door

2 My grandmother makes her own bread

(Bd toi Idni bdnJi mi cho rieiig mirih)

a) Her own bread is made by my grandmother

b) This bread is made by my grandmother

d) Bread is made by my own grandmother

3. A car took Bob to the hospital

(Mot chiec xe dd cha Bob vdo nhd thi(ang)

a) Bob was taken to the hospital by someone

b) A car was taken Bob to the hospital

c) Bob was taken to the hospital by a car

d) Someone drove Bob to the hospital

4. Someone w i l l inform you of the test results

(NgUdi ta se bdo cha anh biet cdc ket qud cila kl Idem tra)

a) You w i l l inform someone of the test results

b) The test of the results w i l l be informed of you

c) You w i l l be informed of the test by someone

d) You w i l l be informed of the test results

112

5 M i l l i o n s of tourists have visited the pyramids i n Egypt

(Hang trieu du khdch da vi^ng tli&m cdc kim tu thdp d Ai Cap)

a) The pyramids are visited by millions of tourists b) The pyramids i n Egypt were visited by millions of tourists c) The p y r a m i d s i n E g y p t have b e e n - v i s i t e d by m i l l i o n s

of t o u r i s t s d) The p y r a m i d s i n Egypt has been v i s i t e d by m i l l i o n s of

c) The Great W a l l of China was built more than 2500 years ago by Chinese emperors

d) The Great W a l l of China were built by Chinese emperors more than 2500 years ago

7. B i g fish eat small fish

(Cd Idn nudt cd be)

a) Small fish is eaten by big fish

b) Small fish are eatan by big fish

" c) Small fish was eaten by fish

d) Small fish were eaten by big fish

8. Scientists i n the twenty-first century w i l l discover new information about the universe

(Cdc nhd khoa hoc d the ki hai mitcfi mot se khdm phd thong tin mdi ve vu tru)

a) New information about the universe w i l l be discovered by scientists i n the twenty-first century

113

b) New information will be discovered by scientists in the

twenty first century about the universe

c) The universe will be discovered new information by

scientists in twenty-first century

d) New information about the universe will be discovered

9 The people are going to elect a new leader in my country

next month

(Dan chilng se bdu mot vi lanh dao mdi trong nUdc toi vao

thdng tdi)

a) My country is going to be elected a new leader by the

people next month

b) A new leader is going to be elected by the people in my

country next month

c) A new leader are going to be elected in my country next

month by the people

d) The people in my country are going to be a new leader

12 Both men and women have worn perfijme since ancient times

(Cd dan ong Idn phu nit da xiic ddu thorn ti( thdi co xUa)

a) Perfume have been worn since ancient times b) Perfume have been worn since ancient times by both men and women

c) Perfume has been worn by both men and women since ancient times

d) Perfume has been worn by both menand women

13 Lev Tolstoy, a famous Russian novelists, wrote the book war and Peace

(Lev Tolstoy, mot tieu thuy^t gia ngudi Nga, dd viet tdc phdm Chien tranh vd Hoa binh)

a) The book War and Peace is written by Lev Tolstoy, a famous Russian novelist

b) The book War and peace was written by Lev Tolstoy, a famous Russian novelist

c) The book War and Peace were written by Lev Tolstoy, a famous Russian novelist

d) The book War and Peace was written by a famous russian nove-list i'^ Lev Tolstoy

14 People who care will save tigers from extinction

(Nhfing ngudi quan tdm se ciiu lodi cop khdi nan diet chung)

a) Tigers will be saved from extinction by weople who care b) Tigers w i l l be saved by people who care from extinction

115

b) New information will be discovered by scientists in the

twenty first century about the universe

c) The universe will be discovered new information by

scientists in twenty-first century

d) New information about the universe will be discovered

9 The people are going to elect a new leader in my country

next month

(Dan chilng se bdu mot vi lanh dao mdi trong nUdc toi vao

thdng tdi)

a) My country is going to be elected a new leader by the

people next month

b) A new leader is going to be elected by the people in my

country next month

c) A new leader are going to be elected in my country next

month by the people

d) The people in my country are going to be a new leader

12 Both men and women have worn perfijme since ancient times

(Cd dan ong Idn phu nit da xiic ddu thorn ti( thdi co xUa)

a) Perfume have been worn since ancient times b) Perfume have been worn since ancient times by both men and women

c) Perfume has been worn by both men and women since ancient times

d) Perfume has been worn by both menand women

13 Lev Tolstoy, a famous Russian novelists, wrote the book war and Peace

(Lev Tolstoy, mot tieu thuy^t gia ngudi Nga, dd viet tdc phdm Chien tranh vd Hoa binh)

a) The book War and Peace is written by Lev Tolstoy, a famous Russian novelist

b) The book War and peace was written by Lev Tolstoy, a famous Russian novelist

c) The book War and Peace were written by Lev Tolstoy, a famous Russian novelist

d) The book War and Peace was written by a famous russian nove-list i'^ Lev Tolstoy

14 People who care will save tigers from extinction

(Nhfing ngudi quan tdm se ciiu lodi cop khdi nan diet chung)

a) Tigers will be saved from extinction by weople who care b) Tigers w i l l be saved by people who care from extinction

115

c) Tigers w i l l be saved by people who are cared from extinction

d) Tigers w i l l be saved from extinction

15. Collapsing buildings killed many people

(Cdc cao 6c sup do da giet hai nhiiu nguai)

a) M a n y people was killed by collapsing buildings

b) M a n y people were killed by collapsing buildings

c) Many people are killed

d) M a n y people were killed

21 C h o n c a u d i c h s a n g t i e n g A n h d i i n g n h a t , d u n g

d a n g b i d o n g (Choose the most c o r r e c t s e n t e n c e

t r a n s l a t e d i n t o E n g l i s h , u s i n g the p a s s i v e voice.)

1 NgUdi ta xay mM ngoi nhdgdn cdu

a) one build a house near the bridge

b) The bridge is built near a house

c) A house is built near the bridge

d) A house is built near the bridge by people

2 Nguai ta noi r&ng ong dy noi dUgc hon tM tieng

a) People is said that he can speak four languages

b) He is said speaking four languages

c) Four languages are spoken by people

d) I t is said that he can speak four languages

3 Khi nhan cong khong lay lam man nguyen vdi liCang cua hg,

hg dinh cong

a) When workers don't satisfied w i t h t h e t r wages, they are

going on strike

b) When their wages were satisfied by workers, they go on strike

c) When their wages aren't satisfied by workers, they go on strike

d) When the workers are not satisfied w i t h their wages, they

go on strike

116

4 Phdi chang ngifai ta khong baa gia day anh cdch ddi xH?

a) D i d n ' t you ever taught how to behave by people?

b) Are you never taught how to behave?

c) Weren't you ever taught how to behave?

d) Weren't you never taught how to behave?

5 NgUdi ta bcio dam vdi anh rang mgi thd diu dUgc sdp xep dung luc

a) You are assured that everything w i l l be arranged i n time b) You are assurred by people that everything w i l l be arranged i n time

c) You can addured by people that everything w i l l be arrnged

i n time

d) a + b

6 Cugc vieng tJicini cua chung ta phdi ddi lg,i cho tdi sau ndy

a) Our visit must be put off until later b) Our visit had to be put off until later c) Our visit has to put off until later d) b + c

7 NgUdi ta noi anh dy Id mot ngiidi dan 6ng thdnh that vd

sieng ndng

a) He is said to be an honest, hard-working man b) I t is said he bea honest, hard - w o r k i n g man c) I t is said by people he is an honest, hard-working man d) a + b

8 Mot ngudi Idiih dgo n^n Id mot ngUdi diCoc mgi ngiM kinh trgng

a) A leader is a man be respected b) A leader should be a man who has been respected c) A leader should is the man be respected

d) A leader should be a man be respected

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c) Tigers w i l l be saved by people who are cared from extinction

d) Tigers w i l l be saved from extinction

15. Collapsing buildings killed many people

(Cdc cao 6c sup do da giet hai nhiiu nguai)

a) M a n y people was killed by collapsing buildings

b) M a n y people were killed by collapsing buildings

c) Many people are killed

d) M a n y people were killed

21 C h o n c a u d i c h s a n g t i e n g A n h d i i n g n h a t , d u n g

d a n g b i d o n g (Choose the most c o r r e c t s e n t e n c e

t r a n s l a t e d i n t o E n g l i s h , u s i n g the p a s s i v e voice.)

1 NgUdi ta xay mM ngoi nhdgdn cdu

a) one build a house near the bridge

b) The bridge is built near a house

c) A house is built near the bridge

d) A house is built near the bridge by people

2 Nguai ta noi r&ng ong dy noi dUgc hon tM tieng

a) People is said that he can speak four languages

b) He is said speaking four languages

c) Four languages are spoken by people

d) I t is said that he can speak four languages

3 Khi nhan cong khong lay lam man nguyen vdi liCang cua hg,

hg dinh cong

a) When workers don't satisfied w i t h t h e t r wages, they are

going on strike

b) When their wages were satisfied by workers, they go on strike

c) When their wages aren't satisfied by workers, they go on strike

d) When the workers are not satisfied w i t h their wages, they

go on strike

116

4 Phdi chang ngifai ta khong baa gia day anh cdch ddi xH?

a) D i d n ' t you ever taught how to behave by people?

b) Are you never taught how to behave?

c) Weren't you ever taught how to behave?

d) Weren't you never taught how to behave?

5 NgUdi ta bcio dam vdi anh rang mgi thd diu dUgc sdp xep dung luc

a) You are assured that everything w i l l be arranged i n time b) You are assurred by people that everything w i l l be arranged i n time

c) You can addured by people that everything w i l l be arrnged

i n time

d) a + b

6 Cugc vieng tJicini cua chung ta phdi ddi lg,i cho tdi sau ndy

a) Our visit must be put off until later b) Our visit had to be put off until later c) Our visit has to put off until later d) b + c

7 NgUdi ta noi anh dy Id mot ngiidi dan 6ng thdnh that vd

sieng ndng

a) He is said to be an honest, hard-working man b) I t is said he bea honest, hard - w o r k i n g man c) I t is said by people he is an honest, hard-working man d) a + b

8 Mot ngudi Idiih dgo n^n Id mot ngUdi diCoc mgi ngiM kinh trgng

a) A leader is a man be respected b) A leader should be a man who has been respected c) A leader should is the man be respected

d) A leader should be a man be respected

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9 Ngudi ta dd nhin thdy ngudi dan ong kia dang leo qua biic

tudng de vdo nhd

a) People were seen that that man was climbing over the

wall into the house

b) That man was seen to be climbing over the all into the house

c) That man was seen climbing over the wall into the house

d) I t is seen that that man was climbing over the wall into

the house

10 Ke tinh nghl dd hi cdnh sat theo doi tU ndm rSi

a) The police have watched the suspect since last year

b) The suspect have been watched by the police since last year

c) The suspect has been watched by the police since last year

d) The suspect was watched by the police since last year

11 Cdc con cua Binh dd ticng nhao bang anh ta

a) Binh's children have sent him up

b) Binh is sent by his children up

c) Binh's children used to send up him

d) Binh used to be sent up by his children

12 NgUai ta dd huang ddn chung toi vdo phong khdch dgi

a) People were shown us into the waiting-room

b) We have shown be into the waiting room

c) We have been shown into the waiting - room

d) We have been shown into the waiting - room by someone

13 Anh dy khong nen Idm viec nga ngdn do

a) He shouldn't do that silly thing

b) That silly thing shouldn't be done by him

c) That silly thing had to be done by him

d) That silly thing should not to be done

15 Khong ai mong no se thdnh cong nhu vdy

a) No one was expected that he will be so succesful b) I t was not expected that he would be so successful c) I t isn't said that he was to be successful so

d) He was not expected so successful by no one

119]

9 Ngudi ta dd nhin thdy ngudi dan ong kia dang leo qua biic

tudng de vdo nhd

a) People were seen that that man was climbing over the

wall into the house

b) That man was seen to be climbing over the all into the house

c) That man was seen climbing over the wall into the house

d) I t is seen that that man was climbing over the wall into

the house

10 Ke tinh nghl dd hi cdnh sat theo doi tU ndm rSi

a) The police have watched the suspect since last year

b) The suspect have been watched by the police since last year

c) The suspect has been watched by the police since last year

d) The suspect was watched by the police since last year

11 Cdc con cua Binh dd ticng nhao bang anh ta

a) Binh's children have sent him up

b) Binh is sent by his children up

c) Binh's children used to send up him

d) Binh used to be sent up by his children

12 NgUai ta dd huang ddn chung toi vdo phong khdch dgi

a) People were shown us into the waiting-room

b) We have shown be into the waiting room

c) We have been shown into the waiting - room

d) We have been shown into the waiting - room by someone

13 Anh dy khong nen Idm viec nga ngdn do

a) He shouldn't do that silly thing

b) That silly thing shouldn't be done by him

c) That silly thing had to be done by him

d) That silly thing should not to be done

15 Khong ai mong no se thdnh cong nhu vdy

a) No one was expected that he will be so succesful b) I t was not expected that he would be so successful c) I t isn't said that he was to be successful so

d) He was not expected so successful by no one

119]