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Unit 1VERBS • Bare infinitive be be live Present TenseSubject simple continuous perfect perfect continuous S Vs be +V.ing Have/has +P2 Have/has+been+V.ing I live am living have lived

Unit 1

VERBS

• Bare infinitive be be live

Present TenseSubject simple continuous perfect perfect continuous

S V(s) be +V.ing Have/has +P2 Have/has+been+V.ing

I live am living have lived have been living

you live are living have lived have been living

he/she/it lives is living has lived has been living

we live are living have lived have been living

they live are living have lived have been living

Present simple - a general event or activity

He always arrives at work on time (repeated action)

Mr Thomas lives in New York (a general fact)

The sun rises in the east (timeless fact)

cf He usually gets to work at 8:30 in the morning (often used with always, usually, every - , etc.)

* We use the present tense instead of the future tense in adverb clauses of time or condition

When they will come, we will start the meeting (X) (will come -> come)

By the time the project will be complete, another project will begin (X) (will be -> is)

If the taxi will arrive by 3 o'clock, we'll be able to get to the airport on time (X) (will arrive -> arrives)

Present continuos - a temporary event or activity

John is eating lunch (an activity in progress)

Ian is living with his parents (a temporary situation)

cf John is studying right now (often used with now, right now, at the moment, etc,)

cf We are having a business lunch tomorrow (a fixed plan)

Present perfect - a past event or activity related to the present time

I have worked at Sony since 1998 (a long-term duration)

cf I have taught English for almost ten years (often used with tor and since)

Ben has just come back from his business trip (a finished action)

cf We have already: reviewed the final report (often used with just, already, and yet)

The oil price has doubled in the last four years (lasting result)

Have you ever visited South America? (experience up to now)

cf I have never met a person from Africa in my entire life (often used with ever, never, and yet)

Present perfect progressive - an extended or repeated event that began in the past and continue to the present

time

I have been studying English for five hours (a relatively short- term duration)

cf I have studied English for five years (a relatively long-term duration)

We have been using this store since we moved to this neighborhood (a repeated action)

ct It has been raining all day (often used with for, since, a/l morning, all day, all week)

ct We have used this store since we moved to this neighborhood (on one or two occasions)

Past TenseSubject simple continuous perfect perfect continuous

• you lived were living had lived had been living

• he/she/it lived was living had lived had been living

• we lived were living had lived had been living

• They lived were living had lived had been living

Past simple - an event or activity which finished in the past

It rained almost every weekend last summer (a repeated event)

Mr Shaw joined the company in 2003 (a finished event)

cf We received the shipment two weeks ago (often used with last - , - ago, yesterday, when, etc.)

Past progressive - an event or activity which continued for a temporary period in the past

The team was working on the project when the manager came in

He was walking down the street at 10:30 yesterday

While Simon was traveling in New York, he ran into an old friend

Past perfect - an event or activity which took place and finished before another in the past

Helen had worked at the post office until 2001

* The past perfect is often used with adverb clauses of time

By the time we arrived at the airport, Mr Lee had already left

Mr Kao had worked for the company for 10 years when he retired last year

Past perfect progressive - an extended or repeated event which took place before a particular point in the past

I had been waiting for Eric for three hours when he finally came back to his office

The Future Future simple - the prediction of a future event

S + will / shall + V

• Joy will take the test next month.

• I will be ten next year

* The future simple is often used with next -, soon, following -, in -, etc.

• The manager will be back in three days.

• The team will meet some time next week.

• cf I am going to take the TOEIC next month (a planned event)

Be going to

Actions intended to be performed in the near future

S + am/ is/ are + going to +V

She’s going to visit her parents tomorrow

Future continuous S+ will be + doing +smth

Future progressive - an event or activity in progress in the future

I will be having a meeting at 10 A.M tomorrow

Maria will be working on her essay for the next three months

Future perfect

An event or activity that will finish before a specific future time

S + will / shall + have PII

• She will have come back by the end of July

• I will have finished this report by 5 p.m

• cf I will have finished this report by the time you finish yours.

Future perfect & perfect progressive - an event or activity that will finish before a specific future time

I will have finished this report by 5 p.m

cf I will have finished this report by the time you finish yours.

He'll have been keeping a journal for five years next month (the continuity of an event)

Future perfect continuous

Duration of an action up to a certain time in the future

S + will / shall + have been Ving

• By the end of this year she will have been working here for two years

• He'll have been keeping a journal for five years next month (the continuity of an event)

EXERCISE I

I Choose the right verb

1 I saw/was seeing a very good programme on TV last night.

2 While I shopped/was shopping this morning I lost/was losing my money.

3 Last week the police stopped/were stopping Alan in his car because he travelled/were travelling at

over 80 miles an hour

4 How did you cut /were cutting your finger?

5 I cooked/was cooking and I dropped the knife.

6 I paid/was paying for my things when I heard/was hearing someone call my name.

7 We decided/were deciding to have a cup of coffee.

8 While We had/were having a drink, a waiter dropped/was dropping a pile of plates.

9 We left/were leaving the cafe and said/were saying goodbye.

10 I finished/was finishing my shopping and went/was going home.

II Đúng hay sai:

I Who has written the play Hamlet?

2 Aristotle has been a Greek philosopher

3 Ow! I have cut my finger It is bleeding

4 Look at George! He had a haircut.

5 My grandparent got married in London.

6 Einstein was the physicist who has developed the theory of relativity

III Will and to be going to

1 “Why are you wearing your old clothes?” “ Because I wash the car”

2 “Why are you making sandwiches” “Because we a picnic on the beach”

A ’ll have B ’ll go C are going to have D are going

3 “Who do you think win the next election?” “The Labour Party win, definitely”

A will/ will B will /is going to C both A and B D is going / will

4 “I ’ve got a headache Have you got any aspirin?” “ Yes, I it for you”

A ’ll get B am going to get C ’ll buy D am going to

5 “Would you like a game of tennis next Thursday?” “ I can’t, I’m afraid I to Bristol”

6 I hear you and John married! Congratulations!

A will get B are going to get C get D will be

7 “Tony’s back from holiday” “ Is he? I him a ring”

A will give B am going to give C want give D will to give

Mary’s been working hard for the exams I’m sure she pass the exams easily”

EXERCISE II: Circle the best answer

1 Jim was cooking diner in the kitchen while Jo ……… the dog

A is feeding B has been feeding C was feeding D had been feeding

2 I …………diner with James tomorrow

A am having B have been having C have had D had had

3 You can’t leave the table until you…………your diner.

A finished B finish C are going to finish D will finish

4 Dane… in Manchester for several years before he decided to move to London

A will work B has worked C had been working D works

5 Those cakes………… delicious! Can I have one more?

6 They……… Paris twice this month

A have gone in B had gone to C have been to D had been in

7 Mary is a good girl She……… her mother with the housework

A is helping B always helps C had always helped D always helped

8 He……… as a waiter for ten years, then he opened his own restaurant

A works B has worked C worked D has been working

9 He’s a famous singer He …… ……a lot of concerts so far

A is giving B has given C gives D had been giving

10 They haven’t seen us………two weeks

11 They have written four novels………

A so far B last week C one year ago D one year

12 He……….in this factory for 2 years

A worked B was C has worked D have been

13 Have you done your homework……… ?

14 Have you ever………… to New York? Yes, two times

A been B gone C visited D come

15 He…………me every Sunday

A came to see B comes to see C is coming to see D has come to see

16 I ………….them since I left school

A didn’t see B don’t see

C haven’t seen D hadn’t seen

17 The police………… the people not to come home

A has warned B have warned

18 It ……… everyday so far this week

A has rained B is raining

19 We……… here for 2 years

A have living B had lived

20 How long ago………….you come here?

21 The sky is getting dark It………

A has rained B rained

C rains D is going to rain

22 The police………… the people not to come home

A has warned B have warned

C warn D had warned

23 We……… here for 2 years

A have living B had lived C live D have lived

24 How long ago………….you come here?

A have B did C had D do

12 My brother hasn’t smoked a pipe before.

This is the first time…

12 It is the first time he has won the school prize

He has

13 You’re late again You’ve already been late once this week

It’s the second .this week

14 It hasn’t snowed for a month

15 I haven’t gone to the theatre for two years

The last time ………

16 I haven’t been to the cinema for months.

S have done smth for 2 years.

• S did smth 2 years ago.

Bought=have had; became= have been; got married=have been married; first met=have known;

moved/went=have lived; got engaged=have been engaged

22 I bought this car 2 years ago

I have

23 Minh became a student last year

I Viết lại câu bằng các từ đã cho sẵn mà ý không đổi

1.Tom's ill He became ill three days ago He has …………

2 We have been married for 5 years We got ………

3 Jim has a beard He grew it ten years ago He has ………

4 He has been in France for three weeks He went ………

5 He has had his new car since February He bought ……….

II Present perfect or past simple

1 This is my house

-How long you (live) here?

-I (live) here since 1970.

2 He (live) in London for two years and then (go) to Edinburgh.

3 You (wear) your hair long when you were at school?

-Yes, my mother (insist) on it.

4 But when I (leave) school I (cut) my hair and (wear) it short ever since.

5 Shakespeare (write) a lot of plays.

6 My brother (write) several plays He just (finish) his second tragedy

7 I (not see) him for three years I wonder where he is.

8 He (not smoke) for two weeks He is trying to give it up.

9 When he (arrive)?

-He (arrive) at 2.00

10 You (lock) the door before you left the house?

11 I (read) his book when I was at school I (enjoy) them very much.

12 I can’t go out because I not (finish) my work.

13 I never (drink) whisky.

-Well, have some now.

14 I (write) the letter but I can’t find a stamp.

15 The clock is slow.

-It isn’t slow, it (stop)

16 Here are your shoes; I just (clean) them.

17 I (leave) home at 8.00 and (get) here at twelve.

18 You (have) breakfast yet?

-Yes, I (have) it at 8.00.

19 The concert (begin) at 2.30 and (last) for two hours Everyone (enjoy) it very much.

20 The play just (begin) You are a little late.

21 The newspaper (come)? -Yes, Ann is reading it.

22 It (be ) very cold this year I wonder when it is going to get warmer.

23 We (miss) the bus Now we’ll have to walk.

24 Mr Pound is the bank manager He (be) here for five years

25 Mr Count (work) as a cashier for twenty-five years Then he (retire) and (go) to live in the country.

26 You (be) here before? -Yes, I (spend) my holidays here last year.

-You (have) a good time? -No, it never (stop) raining.

27 Where is Tom? -I (not see) him today, but he (tell) Mary that he’d be in for dinner.

III Put the verbs in brackets in the correct verb forms(simple past or past continuos):

1 While I (come) to work this morning, I (meet) an old friend

2 I ( not want) to get up this morning It(rain) and it was cold, and my bed was sowarm

3 I (listen) to the news on the radio when the phone (ring)

4 Margaret Simon (come) from Norway, but now she (live) in Britain She(meet) her husband, Noel, while she (learn) English in Cambridge

5 I said “Hello” to the children but they didn’t say anything because they (watch) TV.

6 I (have) a shower when the phone (ring)

7 When he (arrive) , I (cook) dinner

8 He (cross) the street when the car (hit) him

9 She (talk) on the phone when her husband (arrive)

10 When I (wake) up this morning, it(rain)

11 I (fall asleep) while he (talk) to me

12 She (ride) her motorbike when she (see) her friend

13 He (sleep) ………… while his friends (play) ……… chess

14 While he (read) ……… the letter, he (hear) ………… a knock at the door

15 He (do) ……… his homework while his parents (watch) ……… the news on TV

Unit 2

Zero conditionalThe Zero conditional is used for things that are always true as long as the condition is met.

If + present simple, S+ present simple

 If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils

 If I drink coffee, I get a headache (fact- personal)

 If he gets what he wants, he is very nice

(present facts)

2 First Conditional: A real possibility in the future

If + any present form, S + will/can/may/should + V

(Real likely happen in the present or future)

• If she gets good grades, She will go to university.

• If he is snoring, I will wake him up/wake him up

• If they are still working, I'll go home.

• If you have finished your work, you can go for a walk.

• If he has moved into his new flat, visit him/ we will visit him/ we can visit him

3 Unreal condition at present

If + past simple/ past continuous, S+ would/ could/might + V

Unreal –unlikely to happen in the present or future, also used to give advice

 If I saw a ghost, I would run away

 If I were you, I wouldn’t go out with him

 Note: To be Use one form were

4 Unreal condition in the past

• Unreal situation in the past, also used to express regret and criticism

• If + past perfect/ past perfect cont., S+ would/ could/ might + have P2

 If I had locked the car, it couldn’t have been stolen

 If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam

Conditional Sentences Type II,III (unlikely)

1.If I knew him, I would have said hello

(consequence in the past)

2 If I hadn’t stayed up late yesterday, I wouldn’t be tired today

Conditional Sentences Type II,III (unlikely)

1 If I hadn’t stayed up late yesterday, I wouldn’t be tired today

2.If I had more time, I would have come to your party yesterday.

3.If you hadn't lost our flight tickets, we would be on our way to the Caribbean now.

4 If I hadn't eaten that much, I would not feel so sick now.

Notes

• Unless means if not

 Unless she studies, she won’t pass her test

• As long as/ providing/ provided that, in case can be used instead of if

 As long as he is on time, we won’t be late for the meeting

• auxil v +s+v, S+v….

• Had I known your telephone number, I would have phoned you

• If I were you, I would accept the job offer = Were I you, I would accept the job offer

• If we had known the problem, we could have done something = Had we known the problem, we could have done something

Wishes

1 Wish for a future change

S + wish (that) S+ would + V

 I wish tomorrow would be Sunday

2 Wish for a change at present

S + wish (that) S + past simple

 He wishes he were more patient.

3 Wish for something happened or not happened in the past

S + wish (that) S + past perfect

 I wish I had gone to Anna’s party last night

 If only

 If only means the same as I wish

 If only Simon would reply to my letter

 If only I had never bought these shoes

 Note: After wish, we also use a noun:

 I wish you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year

I Exceptions

Complete the following sentences Note that you might have to use other tenses (active/passive voice) than required in the basic rules.

1 Give the book to Jane if you (read) it

2 If you (have) dinner right now, I'll come back later.

3 If we (set off) earlier, we wouldn't be in this traffic jam now.

4 She only (sing) if she's in a good mood.

5 If she were sensible, she (not ask) that question, by which she offended him so much

II Complete the Conditional Sentences Decide whether to use Type I, II or III.

1 If I had time, I ……… shopping with you

A went B would have gone C will go D would go

2 If you ………… English, you will get along with them perfectly

A speak B spoke C will speak D had spoken

3 If they had gone for a walk, they ………… the lights off

A would turn B would have turned C had turned D turned

4 If she …………to see us, we will go to the zoo

A comes B come C came D had come

5 I would have told you, if I ……… him

A see B saw C had seen D would see

6 Would you mind if I ………… the window?

A opened B open C had opened D openned

7 If they ……… me, I wouldn't have said no

A invited B invite C had invited D invitted

8 My friend ……… me at the station if he gets the afternoon off

A would meet B met C will meet D meet

9 If I ……… it, nobody would do it

10 If my father ……… me up, I'll take the bus home

A doesn't pick B didn’t pick C picked D picks

11 Roger would have offered to pay the tuition if I _ to return to school

A has decided B had decided C decide D decided

12 You will pass this test if you work _

A hard B good C excellent D hardly

13 After the way she treated you, if I _in your place, I wouldn't return the call

A be B am C was D were

14 If that firm wants to attract workers, it must _the pay

A lower B raise C spread D rise

15 You will never finish that job by tomorrow morning unless you _some help

A will get B would get C get D will have got

16 If I understood the question, I _ give the teacher correct answer

A shall B would C will D should

Some useful points

could have done

=>If S + V (does) , he can/ will do

(did/ were) , he could do

(had done), he could have done

Ex: - You can save a lot of time by booking the ticket in advance.

If ………

- He could have earned a lot of money by working hard.

If he ………

Without N, st can happen

could/ would happen

would have happened

=>If S + V (does), st can happen

(did/ were), st could happen

(had done), st could have happened

Ex: Without your help, I couldn’t have bought that house.

If ………

Without the Sun, there would be no light on the Earth.

=>If Sb doesn’t V, st will happen

Ex: You have to work hard, or you’ll fail the exam.

=>If not Reason, not Result

Ex: I can’t buy this computer because I haven’t got enough money.

3 The bee won’t sting you as long as you stay still.

9 The accident happened because the train driver ignored a warning light

 If the train driver………

10 Without this treatment, the patient would have died

1 You are tied because you stayed up very late last night

You wouldn’t be tired ………

16 We didn’t go because it rained

IV Exercise on Conditional Sentences Type I, II and III

Complete the Conditional Sentences (Type I, II or III) by putting the verbs into the correct form.

1 If they (have) time at the weekend, they will come to see us

2 If we sneak out quietly, nobody (notice)

3 If we (know) about your problem, we would have helped you

4 If I (be) you, I would not buy that dress

5 We ( arrive) earlier if we had not missed the bus

6 If I didn't have a mobile phone, my life (not be) complete

7 Okay, I (get) the popcorn if you buy the drinks

8 If I (tell) you a secret, you would be sure to leak it

9 She ( go) out with you if you had only asked her

10 I would not have read your diary if you ( not hide) it in such an obvious place

V.Conditional Sentences Type I, II, III

Complete the sentences according to the basic rules for Conditional Sentences.

1 It (be) silly if we tried to walk there

2 I will watch the film only if the reviews (be) good

3 She (take) me to the station if her car hadn't broken down

4 If you don't ask, he (help) you

5 If it hadn't rained yesterday, we (go) sailing

6 you (look after) their dog again if they go on holiday this year?

7 Would you mind if I (use) your mobile?

8 I ( open) the mail if it had contained a virus

9 Even if I (have)a wet-suit, I wouldn't go scuba-diving

10 Would you have been that strict if you (know) the truth?

More exercises

1 If I see him, I (give) him a gift

2 If I had a typewriter, I (type) it myself

3 If I had known that you were in hospital, I (visit) you

4 You could make better progress if you (attend) class regularly

5 If I (know) his telephone number, I’d give it to you

6 If you (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat

7 He could get a job easily if he (have) a degree

8 I shouldn’t have believed it if I (not see) it with my own eyes

9 If he (study) hard, he can pass the exam

10 If she had asked you, you (accept)?

11 If I (try) again, I think that I would have succeeded

12 Water (not run) downhill unless there were gravity

13 If I tell you a secret, you (promise) not to telll it to anyone else?

14 Tell him to ring me if you (see) him

15.The police (arrest) him if they caught him

16 If you (speak) more slowly, he might have understood you

17 She wishes her father (be) here now to help her

18 I wish you (not give) them my phone number yesterday

19 I wish they (visit) us when they were in town.

20 I wish someone (give) me a job next month

17 You talk more than you work The teacher wants you to work more than to talk

-> The teacher wishes ………

18 John would like to be an astronaut when he grows up

Unit 3

PASSIVE VOICEThe passive is formed by using the appropriate tense of To Be + Past Participle

Active voice: S + V + O

Passive voice: S‘ (O) + Be + Past Participle + (by / with + O‘(S))

1 Someone had cleaned my shoes and brushed my suit

My shoes had been cleaned and my suit had been brushed

2 Why didn’t they mend the roof before it fell in?

Why wasn’t the roof mended before it fell in?

Meaning

(1) The passive indicates that the grammatical subject is the receiver of the action

Mr Johnson writes a.sales report every month (active: subject = doer)

doer action receiver

A sales report is written by Mr Johnson every month (passive: subject = receiver)

receiver action doer

In the passive, the doer is often omitted

They will deliver the invitation in person -> The invitation will be delivered in person (by them)

Present Simple They repair cars Cars are repaired

Present Cont They are repairing the car The car is being repaired

Past Simple They repaired the car The car was repaired

Past Continuous They were repairing the car The car was being repaired

Future Simple They will repair the car The car will be repaired

Present Perfect They have repaired the car The car has been repaired

Past Perfect They had repaired the car The car had been repaired

Future Perfect They’ll have repaired the car The car will have been repaired

Present Infinitive They’ll have to repair the car The car will have to be repaired

Perfect Infinitive She ought to have repaired the car The car ought to have been repaired

Gerund He likes her admiring his new car He likes his new car being admired

Perfect Gerund Having repaired the car, The car, having been repaired

Modals + be + P.P You must repair this car This car must be repaired

Use

1 Only transitive verbs can be in the passive

The company gave a pay raise to every employee

A pay raise was given to every employee (by the company)

They will complete the new building in nine months

The new building will be completed (by them) in nine months

Workers need to fully understand the working procedures

The working procedures need to be fully understood (by workers)

2 Intransitive verbs cannot be in the passive because they do not have objects

They were remained calm

Special cases

1 People say/ believe… + that + S + V

-> It is said/ believed/…+ that + S + V

Or S is/ are said/ believed to + V

E.g:

Active: People say that he lives abroad now

Passive 1: It’s said that he lives abroad now

Passive 2: He is said to live abroad now

1.People think that the pigeons carry a lot of diseases.

It is thought that the pigeons carry a lot of diseases

2 People say that the thief stole several wallets

It is said that the thief stole several wallets

The thief is said to have stolen several wallets

Exercises

Choose the best answer

1 The boy _ by the teacher yesterday.

2 “Ms Jones, please type those letters before noon” - “They’ve already , sir They’re on your desk.”

3 Today, many serious childhood diseases _ by early immunization.

A are preventing B can prevent C prevent D can be

prevented

4 My wedding ring yellow and white gold.

5 If your brother _ , he would come.

Active to passive

1- The company employs two hundred people

2- Does water cover most of the earth surface?

3- What does he close at ten o'clock every night?

4- My grandfather built this house in 1930

5- I haven't finished my letter yet

6- Has he posted the letter?

7- Had somebody slashed the picture with a knife?

8- Who had cleaned my shoes and brushed my suit?

9- The cat will scratch you if you pull its tail

10- You should open the wine about three hours before you use it

11- They are pulling down the old theatre

12- Is your sister cleaning the room at the moment?

13- Somebody was following us

14 -Will Mrs Pitt present the prizes?

15 What will you send him?

Passive to active

1 The runaways are being lengthened at all the main airports

2 It is now 6a.m and at most of the hospitals in the country patients are being wakened with cup of tea

3 This notice has been altered

4 Evening dress will be worn

5 Someone will have to be found to take her place

6 Why wasn't the car either locked or put into the garage?

7 For a long time the earth was believed to be flat

8 It is being said that too little money is being spent by the government on roads

Rewrite sentences

1 Someone introduced me to Dr Felix last year.

Dr Felix ……….

2 People are destroying large areas of 'forest every day.

Larger areas of Forest ………

3 Somebody has bought the land next to our house.

The land next to our house ………

4 Somebody had already reported the accident before I phoned.

The accident ………

5 People were using the tennis court, so we couldn't play.

The tennis court ………….

6 You can buy videos like this one anywhere.

The man is said ………

3 We understand that he dislikes children

7 We think he is waiting there now

It’s thought that ………

The rate of exchange ………

10 They say that a lot of electrical appliances are stolen every day

It’s said ………

A lot of electrical appliances ………

11 They report that two people were killed in the explosion

It’s reported ………

Two people are reported ………

UNIT 4 Subject and verb agreement

N1 + Along with, as well as, together with, accompanied by… + N2

 Mary, along with some friends, is going to the party tonight

 Her sister, as well as her brother, is coming to the party tonight

 Mr Robbins, accompanied by his children, is arriving soon

 But

 Marry and her friends are going to the party tonight

A noun phrase

(N1 +Of +N2)

 The picture of the soldiers brings back a lot of memories

 The effects of smoking are extremely harmful

The name of the subjects or diseases end in “s”

 Physics is my favorite subject

 Measles is an infectious disease

The noun phrase showing time, money, direction…

 Ten thousand dollars has been put in your account

 A thousand dollars is a large sum of money

 Twenty years is a long period of time

 Fifty miles is not a short distance

The use of ‘a number of’ and ‘the number of’

A number of + plural noun + plural verb

 A number of students are going to the class picnic

 A number of applicants have already been interviewed.

The number of + plural noun + singular verb

 The number of days in a week is seven.

 The number of residents who have been questioned on this matter is quite small.

Subject separated from the verb

 The study of languages is very interesting.

 Several theories on this subject have been proposed.

 The view of these disciplines varies from time to time.

 The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly.

 The effects of that crime are likely to be devastating

Words that always take singular verbs and pronouns

Any + (singular

noun)

Some + (singular noun)

No + (singular noun) Every + (singular

noun)

*either and neither are singular if they are not used with or and nor.

Examples:

Everybody who has not purchased a ticket should be in this line.

Something was under the house.

If either of you takes a vacation now, we will not be able to finish the work

Anybody who has lost his ticket should report to the desk (note the singular pronoun)

Nobody works harder than John does.

None/no: none can take either a singular or plural verb depending on the noun which follows it.

None of the counterfeit money has been found

None of the students have finished the exam yet.

No example is relevant to this case

No examples are relevant to this case.

Either and neithe r

 Neither restaurant is expensive

 Neither of the two proposals is satisfactory

Neither + noun + nor + plural noun + plural verb

 Neither John nor his friends are going to the beach today.

 Either John or his friends are going to the beach today.

Neither + noun + nor + singular noun + singular verb

 Neither John nor Bill is going to the beach today

 Either John or Bill is going to the beach today

I Directions: Choose the correct verb form for the sentences below

1 Neither Bill nor Mary (is/are) going to the party tonight

2 A number of reporters (was/were) at the conference yesterday

3 A pair of jeans (was/were) in the washing machine this morning

4 Every student (has/have) answered the first three questions

5 The number of students who have withdrawn from class this quarter (is/are) appalling

6 The bank (offer / offers) loans only to people with full-time jobs.

7 A wide variety of physical fitness (program / programs) are available.

8 A repair shop specializing in sports cars (has / have) recently contacted us.

9 Every (athlete / athletes) in the tournament (is / are) required to take a drug test.

10 Many (response / responses) revealed positive feedback on the education program

11 Most (employee / employees) must get regular check-ups.

12 The (change / changes) proposed by the accounting team are effective.

13 The directors (regulate / regulates) the use of company vehicles.

14 Everybody is/ are unique

15 Either my father or my mother were/ was at home I don’t remember which one

16 Neither Jane nor Gill is/ are good at English

17 Neither Helen nor her brothers do/does the shopping

18 Each of the parents are/is responsible for child care

19 The manager, along with the teachers, were/ was present at the meeting

20 Either you or I am/are going to buy some sugar

21 The police were/ was carrying guns and gas

22 There is/ are a nice swimming pool nearby

23 There were/ was ten students who failed geography

24 Mom and dad never quarrel/ quarrels

25 Both Larry and Jem are/ is rich

26 The staff was/ were shocked by the news of their boss

27 There is/ are little money left We can’t buy all we need

28 The number of unemployed citizens is/ are rising day by day

29 30 percent of our income go/ goes to rent

30 Our army is/ are one of the largest and most powerful in the world

31 Annie and her brothers are at school.

32 Either my mother or my father is coming to the meeting.

33 The dog or the cats are outside.

34 Either my shoes or your coat is always on the floor.

35 George and Tamara don't want to see that movie.

36 Benito doesn't know the answer.

37 One of my sisters is going on a trip to France.

38 The man with all the birds lives on my street.

39 The movie, including all the previews, takes about two hours to watch.

40 The players, as well as the captain, want to win.

41 Either answer is acceptable.

42 Every one of those books is fiction.

43 Nobody knows the trouble I've seen.

44 Is the news on at five or six?

45 Mathematics is John's favorite subject, while Civics is Andrea's favorite subject.

46 Eight dollars is the price of a movie these days.

47 Are the tweezers in this drawer?

48 Your pants are at the cleaner's.

49 There were fifteen candies in that bag Now there is only one left!

50 The committee debates these questions carefully.

51 The committee lead very different lives in private.

52 The Prime Minister, together with his wife, greets the press cordially.

53 All of the CDs, even the scratched one, are in this case.

54 One of my old fillings (need, needs) to be replaced.

55 The young widow with her five small children (want, wants) to get on the bus.

56 In the back of the closet (is, are) some old paperback novels you might like to have.

57 The Chevy with the blue tinted windows (need, needs) washing.

58 Geoffrey (doesn't, don't) have time to finish his work.

59 Along the river's edge (is, are) found many different kinds of wild flowers.

60 Every one of the employees (seem, seems) ready for a vacation.

61 Each of the Academy Award winners (was, were) well-paid.

62 Some of the sweaters that are supposed to be new (have, has) torn seams.

63 One of the clerks (do, does) much better work than the other one.

64 The serving platter with the flowers and vines on it (is, are) pretty.

65 Neither my brothers nor my sister (is, are) going to the beach with me this weekend.

66 Laura, together with Sally and Jon, (is, are) going to Port St John this weekend.

67 The plumber with his young helper (was, were) at the door only 10 minutes after Maria called.

68 Neither the scouts nor the scoutmaster (was, were) found until the second day of the search.

69 The price of these jeans is/are reasonable

70 The books borrowed from the library is/are on my desk

71 The boy who won the two medals is/are a friend of mine.

72 One of the books has/ have been missing

73 The poor is/ are suffering

74 Collecting match-boxes is/ are one of his favourite pastimes

75 The quality of the candies is/ are poor

76 Neither his father nor his mother play/plays mahjong

77 Neither parent is /are fond of playing mahjong

78 None of my friends was/ were there

79 Many a student has/have made the same mistake

80 Gold, as well as platinum, has/ have recently risen in price

81 The boss, as well as his colleagues, has/ have been robbed by the robber

82 Ten tons is/ are a heavy load

83 Fifty miles is/ are a long distance

84 Thirty years is/ are a long time

II Directions: Choose the correct present tense verb form for the sentences below

1 Where _ the earrings that I left by the bathroom sink? Oh no! That stupid cat has swatted them down thedrain again!

2 One hundred and fifty gallons _ the amount of liquid the average living room rug can absorb

2 Agnes never loses a single possession Everyone knows what belongs to her, for each pen,

pencil, and paperclip a tiny flag attached with Agnes' full name on it

A will have B has C have D had

4 Someone—perhaps Emmanuel or Paul the right wine to serve with earthworm

lasagna

A knew B will know C knows D know

5 These scissors so dull that I'm not sure you could slice butter with them!

A is B are C has been D had been

6 Physics proven to be Jerry's easiest subject this semester He brings Carol, the

lab assistant, an oatmeal-raisin cookie, and, as his reward, she finishes his report

A has B have C had D will have

7 Not only fat caterpillars but also my neighbor's rabbits chewed my poor tomato

plants to leafless nubs

A has B have C will have D had

8 Even after winning the away game, the girl's basketball team gloomy because

Coach Cox will insist that the players return to their hotel rooms to study for next week’sclasses

9 Either The Matrix or Aliens _ Sam's favorite science-fiction movie

10 "Here the box of broken appliances that you promised to repair," Bob reminded

Sue, his wife

A is B are C will be D have been

11 Statistics become Matt's favorite subject because for fifty minutes three times a

week he gets to study the beautiful curls on the back of Betty’s head

A has B have C had D will have

12 Elton’s newest pair of eyeglasses corrected his vision so well that this young

man clearly sees the lovely Miranda sneering at his nerdy appearance

A have B had C has D will have

13 Mrs Hoff and Mrs Phillips that class time is precious and should not be wasted

because of someone's immature prank

A believes B believe C believed D will believe

14 Not only the Smiths but also Tonya agreed to try one of the world-famous

chocolate-broccoli muffins

A has B have C had D has been

15 The Smiths, along with Tonya, _ to avoid indigestion after eating these weird

muffins

A hopes B hope C hoped D had hoped

16 Even though Antonio has many friends who love their Chevrolets and Buicks, he has always

believed that General Motors lemons

A makes B make C made D had made

17 My dog Floyd, together with Buster the cat, to play with money; the cat swats

crumpled bills onto the floor where the dog shreds them to pieces

A likes B like C liked D had liked

18 Latoya isn't going to Daytona Beach for spring break because fourteen dollars all

that she has in her vacation fund

A is B are C was D were

19 Even though Johnson and Johnson _ consumers not to insert Q-tips into their ears,

people refuse to read directions and frequently rupture their eardrums

A warns B warn C warned D had warned

20 All of my important keys now stuck in the drain pipe of my bathroom sink

Buster, my kitten, doesn't realize how much his playfulness inconveniences me

A is B are C was D were

21 Grandpa claims that Martian measles _ green and purple spots to erupt all over a

person's body

A causes B cause C will cause D had caused

22 Digging holes in the sofa cushions Peanut, Elizabeth’s new puppy

A is B are C was D were

23 Even though the jury _ to believe that the defendant did not feed Elvis to the Loch

Ness Monster, much of the evidence points to the her guilt

A wants B want C wanted D are wanting

24 Neither the students nor their instructor happy with the long cafeteria line for

squid eyeball stew

A is B are C was D were

25 Each of these women that she had read the care instructions before washing the

delicate and expensive dresses

A wishes B wish C wished D would wish

26 Here _ the mail and newspapers that I picked up for you while you were on

vacation

A is B are C was D be

27 _ no one except Marge and Beatrice have the subject-verb agreement exercises

that Ms Koopman assigned for today?

28 Here _ Tonya and Robert, the two students who scored 100 percent on the

subject-verb agreement quiz

A stands B stand C is standing D stood

29 General Foods, the maker of Cheerios, _ developed a new cereal with chocolate

puffs and broccoli-flavored marshmallows

A has B have C had D is

30 Each man, woman, and child to write General Foods a letter supporting the

company's decision to produce a chocolate-broccoli breakfast cereal

A needs B need C needed D will need

31 There _ more calories in a bowl of chocolate-broccoli breakfast cereal than you

might think

A is B are C will be D were

32 Not only the vitamin C from the broccoli but also the delicious taste of the chocolate

_ this breakfast cereal a real crowd pleaser

A makes B make C mad D will make

33 Who needs a pet if you live in Florida? There already lizards that sneak in

between the window screens and cockroaches that take up residence in every bathroom and

kitchen

A is B are C has been D had been

34 Susan is one of those students who _ up to the instructor every chance that they get

A kisses B kiss C kissed D has kissed

Unit 5 Comparison

I Equal comparisons

S + V + as + adj/ adv + as + N/ Pron

 My book is as interesting as yours

 His job is not as( so) difficult as mine

S + V + the same +noun + as N/ Pron

 My house is as high as his

 My house is the same height as his

Adjectives nouns

long, short length

old, young age

II Comparative

adj/ adv+ er

S + V + more + adj/ adv + than + N/ pron

less + adj/ advJohn’s grades are higher than his sister’s

a lot/ Far /Much

S + V + a bit / little

even/ still adj/ adv+ er/ more+ than + N/pron

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