C D
No error E
26. While the effect of disease-causing agents on cigarette smokers has been known for years, only A recently has the damaging effects of cigarette B smoke on secondhand smokers become c
recognized. No error D E
27. Walking along the empty boardwalk, I could hear
A B
the lapping of water against the docks as well as the sound ofJake and Kelsey talking softly c
as he approached. No error
D E
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28. At the stoplight, Hiam, impatient to be home on
A B
that rainy night, drummed his fingers c
at the wheel. No error D
Section s 1
Practice Test Eight 697
29. The mail-order firms recruit salespeople through A
the Internet, creating a network through which they will attempt at contacting those homeowners
B C
who might buy their products. No error
D E
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Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an essay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten.
Read the passage and select the best answer for each question that follows. Some questions are about particular sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you to consider organization and development. In choosing answers, follow the conventions of standard written English.
Questions 30-35 are based on the following passage.
( I ) Although all people process information in a variety of manners, most people have one method they prefer. (2) Some people are visual learners. (3) They process information best by seeing the informa
tion displayed either textually or graphically. (4) For these types of students, a teacher should write the main points or key terms on the board as she lectures. (5) Other students rely much more on oral processing. (6) These students are auditory learners. (7) They prefer to hear information presented and they particularly enjoy discussing the information. (8) These methods solidify the information in their minds. (9) Other learners, although this is a much smaller group, are kinesthetic learners. ( I O) Kinesthetic means movement. ( I I) These learners like to do hands-on activities. ( I2) They prefer the basics of the information be presented in bulleted, precise form. ( I 3) Then, they actually learn about the material by working with it.
30. The teacher explains to the student author of this passage that the assignment was to demonstrate the student's ability to use complex sentences. How could sentences 5, 6, and 7 be best merged into a complex sentence?
(A) Other students rely much more on oral pro
cessing, are auditory learners, and prefer to hear information presented and discussing it.
(B) Other students rely much more on oral pro
cessing; they are auditory learning; they pre
fer to hear information presented and they particularly enjoy discussing the information.
( C) Other students are auditory learners who rely much more on oral processing and who pre
fer to hear the information presented and to discuss it.
(D) Auditory learners prefer to hear information and to discuss it.
(E) Some students are auditory and they prefer hearing and discussing information.
3 1 . The main idea of this passage is that
(A) students process information in various ways (B) there are three primary strategies for teaching
students
(C) visual learners are more numerous than audi
tory or kinesthetic learners
(D) learners employ a variety of information
seeking strategies
(E) teachers should employ all three methods when teaching students
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32. The word textually in sentence 3 means (A) in tabular form
(B) written ( C) contextually
(D) within the information being presented (E) allowing for written or oral format 33. A student who has strong auditory skills would
probably enjoy which of the following activities the most?
(A) reading a map (B) creating a mural
(C) debating two sides of an issue (D) reading about the parts of the ear (E) caring for the classroom parrot
Section s 1
Practice Test Eight 699
34. This is the introductory paragraph for a five
paragraph essay. What would be the best way to structure the remaining paragraphs?
(A) Have two paragraphs about strategies to employ each learning style and two para
graphs about skills each uses.
(B) Have three paragraphs in the body contain
ing further information (one for visual, one for auditory, and one for kinesthetic) and a concluding paragraph summarizing the information.
(C) Divide this paragraph between sentences 4 and 5; sentence 5 would begin the second paragraph; the third paragraph would include information about the brain and its proces
sor; paragraphs 4 and 5 would compare the brain to the types.
(D) Have four paragraphs in the body: one for boys as visual learners, one for girls as visual learners, one for boys versus girls as auditory learners, and one for boys versus girls as kin
esthetic learners.
(E) Have three paragraphs in the body contain
ing information about advantages of each learning style in the second paragraph, disad
vantages of each style in the third paragraph, and comparison of the two in the fourth paragraph.
35. A phrase that could be used to strengthen sentence 1 in the passage would be
(A) plethora of ways instead of variety of manners
(B) variety of ways instead of variety of manners
(C) variety of methods instead of variety of manners
(D) different manners instead of variety of manners
(E) number of manners instead of variety of manners
STOP
SECTION 6 Time-25 Minutes
24 Questions
Directions: For each of the following questions, choose the best answer and darken the corresponding oval on the answer sheet.
Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted.
Beneath the sentence are five words or sets of words labeled (A) through (E). Choose the word or set of words that, when inserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.
EXAMPLE:
Today's small, portable computers contrast markedly with the earliest electronic computers, which were ---.
(A) effective (B) invented (C) useful (D) destructive
(E) enormous © © © ® •
1 . She found her work so --- that she lost herself in it and was completely --- the noise surrounding her.
(A) inspiring . . annoyed by (B) complex . . involved in (C) absorbing . . oblivious to (D) exhausting . . taken with (E) repetitive . . afraid of
2. The graceful curves of the old colonial-era buildings that dominated the old part of the city contrasted sharply with the modern, - - -
subway stations and made the latter appear almost anachronistic.
(A) rectilinear (B) grimy (C) festive (D) gigantic (E) efficient
�
3. In contrast to their widespread image as - - -
carnivores, many species of piranha are vegetarian.
(A) nomadic (B) lugubrious ( C) vorac10us (D) covetous (E) exotic
4. Although both plants control soil erosion, kudzu disrupts the local ecology by displacing native flora, while vetiver has no --- effects.
(A) foreseeable (B) adverse ( C) domestic (D) permanent (E) advantageous
5. The world of Heinrich Boll's early novels is one of impersonal malice, thinly camouflaged with patriotic and other --- cliches, in which relief is provided only by occasional --- of genuine human emotion.
(A) pragmatic . . absences (B) ideological . . manifestations ( C) conceptual . . lapses
(D) ephemeral . . loss (E) scholarly . . vestiges
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Section 6 1
Practice Test Eight 701
Directions: The passages below are followed by questions based on their content; questions following a pair of related passages may also be based on the relationship between the paired passages. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passages and in any introductory material that may be provided.
Questions 6-7 are based on the following passage.
By the time it finally roused me, I somehow knew my alarm clock had been beeping for a while. Outside my window, the sky was still dark,
Line faintly illuminated by the stars, a moon shrouded
(5) by clouds, and a faded orange horizon that sig
naled the city was also just beginning to wake.
After a cold shower cleared my drowsy mind of the confusion left by convoluted dreams and hours of sleep, I remembered why I was not
(1 0) still sleeping. I had taken on a paper route. The realization seemed to hit me like a blow to my stomach, inciting a dull pain of regret that only deepened with the understanding that my every morning would begin just as jarringly as this one.
6. In the first sentence, the author mentions his alarm clock in order to make which point?
(A) He had conscientiously prepared for his paper route.
(B) He was used to waking up early in the morning.
( C) He was lucky to have set the alarm or he would not have awakened in time.
(D) He was so deeply asleep that the alarm could not immediately wake him.
(E) He was not looking forward to waking up so early every morning.
7. In lines 9-10, the words "I remembered why I was not still sleeping" suggest that the author was (A) disoriented by his early awakening
(B) entirely unenthusiastic about his paper route ( C) a rather forgetful individual
(D) unconcerned with the responsibilities of his paper route
(E) somewhat confused about the details of his new job
Questions 8-9 are based on the following passage.
While he is called the father of the montage-a widely used cinematic technique that involves a rapid succession of different shots, often super
Line imposed-Russian director Sergei Eisenstein's
(5) influence on the modern movie is considerably more profound than this simple characterization suggests. His seven films, though not a particu
larly large body of work, contain a clarity and sharpness of composition that made the depth of
(1 0) his plots and the powerful complexity of his juxta
posed images remarkably accessible to most viewers. In this way, Eisenstein essentially demon
strated to the notoriously pretentious cinematic establishment of his day that the average viewer
(15) cannot only consume abstract expressions through film, but that they can enjoy doing so.
8. The author refers to Eisenstein as the "father of the montage" (line 1 ) in order to
(A) underscore his immense contribution to film (B) suggest his impact has been underappreciated ( C) explain how his films were so powerful (D) celebrate his place in cinematic history (E) imply his influence has been exaggerated 9. The author gives all of the following as reasons
why Eisenstein's films were important EXCEPT for their ability to
(A) lucidly communicate complexity (B) superimpose contrasting shots ( C) entertain with abstraction (D) empower the average viewer
(E) challenge the cinematic establishment's perceptions
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�
Questions I 0-18 are based on the following passage.
In the following passage, the author explores some con
trasts in the way that Arabs and Americans relate to each other spatially.
In spite of over two thousand years of contact, Westerners and Arabs still do not understand each other. Americans visiting the Middle East are
Line immediately struck by two conflicting sensations.
(5) In public they are compressed and overwhelmed by smells, crowding, and high noise levels; in .i: rab homes Americans are apt to rattle around, feelmg somewhat exposed and inadequate because there is too much space.
(1 O) Proxemics, the study of people's responses to spatial relationships, can shed a lot of light on these misunderstandings. One of my earliest dis
coveries in the field of intercultural communica
tion was that the position of the bodies of people
(1 5) in conversation varies from culture to culture.
It used to puzzle me that a special Arab friend seemed unable to walk and talk at the same time.
After years in the United States, he could not bring himself to stroll along, facing forward while
(20) talking. Our progress would always be arrested while he edged ahead, cutting slightly in front of me and turning sideways so we could see each other. Once in this position, he would stop. His behavior was explained when I learned that for
(25) the Arabs, to view another person peripherally is regarded as impolite. In Arab culture, you are expected to be involved when interacting with friends.
This emphasis on involvement and participa-
(30) ti on also expresses itself in Arab cities, where the notion of privacy in a public place is a foreign concept. Business transactions in the bazaar, for example, are not just conducted between buyer and seller but are participated in by everyone.
(35) Anyone who is standing around may join in. If a grownup sees a boy breaking a window, he must stop him even if he doesn't know him. If two men are fighting, the crowd must intervene. On a polit
ical level, when a government such as ours fails
(40) to intervene when trouble is brewing, this is
construed as taking sides. But given the fact that few people in the world today are even remotely aware of the cultural mold that forms their thoughts, it is normal for Arabs to view our
( 45) behavior as though it stemmed from their own hidden set of assumptions.
In the home, the Arab dream is for lots of space, which unfortunately many Arabs cannot afford. Yet when an Arab has space, it is very dif-
( 50) ferent from what one finds in most American homes. Spaces inside Arab upper-middle-class homes are tremendous by our standards. They avoid partitions because Arabs do not like to be alone. The form of the home is such as to hold
(55) the family together inside a single protective shell, creating an environment where personalities are intermingled and take nourishment from each other like the roots and soil. If one is not with people and actively involved in some way, one is
( 60) deprived of life. An old Arab saying reflects this value: "Paradise without people should not be entered because it is Hell." For this reason, Arabs in the United States often feel socially and sensori
ally deprived and long to be back where there is
(65) human warmth and contact.
Since there is no physical privacy as we know it in the Arab family, not even a word for privacy, one could expect that the Arabs might use some other means to be alone. Their way to be alone
(70) is to stop talking. Like the English, an Arab who shuts himself off in this way is not indicating that anything is wrong or that he is withdrawing, only that he wants to be alone with his thoughts or does not want to be intruded upon. One subject I
(75) interviewed said that her father would come and go for days at a time without saying a word, and no one in the family thought anything of it. Yet for this very reason, an Arab exchange student visiting a Kansas farm failed to pick up the cue
(80) that his American hosts were mad at him when they gave him the "silent treatment." He only discovered something was wrong when they took him to town and tried forcibly to put him on a bus to Washington, D.C., the headquarters of the
(85) exchange program responsible for his presence in the United States.
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10. According to the passage, the "two conflicting sensations" that Americans experience in the Middle East (lines 3-9) are
(A) understanding and confusion (B) involvement and participation ( C) friendliness and hostility (D) crowding and spaciousness (E) silence and noise
1 1 . The author most likely describes the behavior of his Arab friend (lines 1 6-23) in order to
(A) cite an incident that led to a breakthrough in his research
(B) support the idea that Americans and Arabs cannot communicate with each other ( C) demonstrate that Arabs respond differently to
spatial relationships
(D) emphasize the difficulty of learning the customs of other countries
(E) point out the impersonal nature of American cities
1 2. The author's friend was most likely "unable to walk
and talk at the same time" (line 1 7) because
(A) he was fascinated by American cities (B) his command of spoken English was poor ( C) he was not familiar with Western customs (D) he was unaccustomed to talking in public (E) he did not wish to seem rude
13. The word "arrested" is used in line 20 to mean (A) apprehended
(B) delayed
( C) anticipated (D) accelerated (E) annoyed
Section 6 1
Practice Test Eight 7o3
14. In lines 37-38, the custom of intervening when two men fight is presented as an example of the Arabs' (A) compassion for strangers
(B) desire to appear polite (C) respect for law and order (D) dislike of personal conflict (E) emphasis on public participation
15. The author most likely regards the Arabs' attitude toward government policy (lines 38-4 1 ) as
(A) an effective strategy for resolving international disputes
(B) a typical Western misunderstanding of Arab culture
( C) an overly simplistic approach to the complexities of foreign policy
(D) an understandable reaction given how little most people know about other cultures (E) a symptom of the problems involved in
Middle Eastern politics
16. According to paragraph 4, the most crucial difference between American homes and Arab homes lies in the
(A) average cost of house (B) size of house available (C) number of occupants housed (D) use of space inside the house (E) area of land surrounding the house
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17. Judging from the discussion in paragraph 5, silence in Arab culture is often a way to
(A) resolve arguments between relatives (B) indicate displeasure with guests (C) express unhappiness within families (D) communicate involvement with friends (E) obtain a psychological form of privacy
18. The author uses the story about the Arab exchange student (lines 77-86) primarily to illustrate that (A) Arabs visiting the United States often
experience homesickness
(B) ignoring other people is rarely an effective form of punishment
( C) silence is not considered unusual in Arab households
(D) Arab and American cultures share a similar sense of humor
(E) it is difficult to recognize anger in foreign cultures
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Questions 19-24 are based on the following passage.