(A) Examples of arguments against preserving languages
(B) Additional stories about people who are the last speakers of a language
( C) Arguments against the use of technology in recording and translation
(D) Further statements about the writer's opinions
(E) Specific examples of cultural ideas that are embedded in language
IF YOU .FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON IC\ll'1l'll
THIS SECTION ONLY. DOã NOT TURN TO ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST. �
Section 7 1
Practice Test Twelve 1 049
SECTION 7 Time-20 Minutes
19 Questions
Directions: For each of the following questions, choose the best answer and darken the corresponding oval on the answer sheet.
Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted.
Beneath the sentence are five words or sets of words labeled (A) through (E). Choose the word or set of words that, when inserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.
EXAMPLE:
Today's small, portable computers contrast markedly with the earliest electronic computers, which were ---.
(A) effective (B) invented (C) useful (D) destructive
(E) enormous © ® © ® •
1 . - ---- - -two doses o f the hepatitis A vaccine over a period of six to twelve months is --- providing protection from the disease for ten years.
(A) Constraining . . required for (B) Distributing . . unsuccessful in (C) Reconstituting . . instrumental in (D) Administering . . effective in (E) Disseminating . . unverified for
2. After all of the passengers were safely aboard lifeboats, the crew of the King Cruiser made every attempt to --- what scuba diving equipment they could off of the --- diveboat before it sank.
3.
(A) qualify . . obsolete (B) salvage . . floundering (C) exacerbate . . defunct (D) revitalize . . prosperous (E) commandeer . . lucrative
Despite the markings that ranked the trail as moderately difficult, the hikers found the trek to be challenging, as the path was ---; it meandered ceaselessly around the riverbank for miles.
(A) panoramic (B) precipitous (C) serpentine (D) circumcribed (E) retrograde
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4. Staging Shakespeare's plays in modern dress can often lead to compelling theater, even though critics interested only in historical accuracy find this ---.
(A) credible (B) anachronistic ( C) implacable (D) timeless (E) imaginative
5. Her physician determined that her headaches were --- by caffeine, so Liz decided to --- coffee and other caffeinated beverages.
(A) induced . . renounce (B) alleviated . . subtract (C) created . . destroy (D) exacerbated . . promote (E) enhanced . . neglect
6. After the accident, Jidapa's friends found that her behavior had changed drastically; once sprightly and friendly, she now seemed disheartened and unaffable, the --- of her former self.
(A) remnant (B) antithesis ( C) consequence (D) extremity (E) mainstay
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Section 7 1
Practice Test Twelve l OS l
Directions: The passages below are followed by questions based o n their content; questions following a pair o f related passages may also be based on the relationship between the paired passages. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passages and in any introductory material that may be provided.
Questions 7-19 are based on the following passage.
The following passages discuss the future of the Internet and the conflicting ideas surrounding its direction and usefulness. Both passages were written in 2005 by Silicon Valley executives.
Passage I
The Internet boom of the late 1 990s created much of the necessary infrastructure and aware
ness to advance the Internet not only as a form Line of technology but also as a public and consumer
(5) product. Nevertheless, though new dot-com com
panies rapidly expanded and marketed their prod
ucts during the late 1 990s, the dot-corns failed to attract significant numbers of consumers or, consequently, much in the way of profits. As an (1 0) end result, most of the dot-corns of the late 1 990s
failed. Today, however, due to two key changes in the market, dot-com companies, along with their niche in the economy, are poised to return stron
ger than ever.
(15) The first factor that indicates a dot-com resur
gence is the proliferation of broadband Internet service in the United States. The financial boom that the dot-corns precipitated and experienced during the late 1 990s proved unsustainable largely (20) due to the lack of demand for dot-com services,
specifically online retailing-known as "e-tailing."
This lack of demand was not a result of consumer preference, but rather of the consumer's lack of access. The number of Americans who possessed (25) access to the Internet remained low even during
the late 1 990s. Furthermore, even those with access had slower dial-up access, which precluded them from fully exploiting the conveniences devel
oped by the dot-corns. Today, though, many more (30) households have broadband, which continues to
penetrate the market rapidly.
The second factor that indicates a dot-com resurgence is the entry of traditional, established
companies into the market. During the late 1 990s, (35) new dot-com companies attempted to provide
traditional services like grocery and apparel retail
ing. The existing, traditional economy, known as the "brick-and-mortar" economy for its reliance on physical locations consumers could visit, did (40) not previously interact with the "new economy."
Today, existing powerhouse companies have established Internet sites that catalogue all of the goods and services they sell. Such companies already bear the costs and revenues of traditional ( 45) retailing. They do not need to build infrastructure
such as warehouses, inventories, a labor force, and delivery mechanisms as the dot-corns once needed to do. These companies have few barriers to entry to the online marketplace as they need only estab- ( 50) lish a website that lists their products.
Given the favorable conditions that have emerged in the online marketplace, it would be safe to assume that as more and more consumers gain Internet access, the online marketplace will (55) continue to grow. This will set the stage for the
revolution that the Internet inaugurated. Soon, we will see how truly life changing this technology can be.
Passage 2
The Internet will undoubtedly revolutionize life (60) in the twenty-first century, but not through its
current prevailing use. A revolution in human life and relations began with the advent of the micro
computer. The revolution continued through the networking of the world's computers. However, ( 65) this network, the Internet, has been grossly mis
used. The most powerful communication and data tool ever developed currently functions as nothing more than an electronic catalogue site for retailers.
While corporations, universities, and gov- (70) ernment entities have utilized the Internet for
administrative and operational purposes, the most
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important uses of the Internet have not yet been implemented. Greater even than the dreams of the builders of the library of Alexandria is the (75) Internet's potential as a repository of human
knowledge. Imagine a world similar to that often portrayed in science fiction movies, in which a character merely queries a computer about any fact or procedure and receives an answer. This is (BO) the world the Internet is creating.
Universities, governments, corporations, and society at large should cooperate in mounting an effort to begin depositing information on com
puters and servers. University, government, and (85) private libraries should begin scanning their hold
ings in order to make all of the volumes in print available online. Museums, galleries, and collectors should begin taking and digital photos of their collections. Media outlets should begin scanning (90) their news archives and digitizing all news footage.
Television networks and film companies should digitize their content. Imagine the wealth of knowledge that would be available electronically!
Collecting all of the knowledge in the world (95) would be useless without a way to find a particu
lar piece. The creation of the library of Alexandria first necessitated a method for organizing infor
mation. In response, librarians created alphabeti
zation and indexing. This allowed the library to (1 00) store increasingly large numbers of volumes and
amounts of information. Similarly, before we can realize the Internet's potential to store humanity's knowledge, we must first create search engines capable of indexing the hard drives of every com- (1 05) puter on earth.
These schemes should not cause panic among media content creators and literary publishers.
"Available" content does not mean free content.
Content providers can charge fees for access to ( 1 1 O) and licensing of online content and information.
Just as consumers pay to buy books and visit museums, they can pay to read books and browse collections online. Such fee structures already exist for cable television and pay-per-view media.
( 1 1 5) Sadly, so long as American corporations and consumers treat the Internet as a retail tool, we will never realize the full potential of the informa
tion superhighway.
7.
8.
9.
10.
The author of the first passage offers two arguments that can best be characterized as (A) emotional
(B) redundant (C) political (D) allegorical (E) pragmatic
"Exploiting" (line 28) primarily represents an action that is
(A) unjust (B) heroic (C) political (D) productive (E) irrelevant
Which of the following best exemplifies the
" second factor" (line 32) mentioned by the author of Passage 1 ?
(A) New dot-corns take over previously failed e-tailing endeavors.
(B) An established department store chain starts e-tailing its goods on the Internet.
(C) Dot-corns that survived during the 1990s return to profitability due to broadband proliferation.
(D) Dot-corns index information, data, and media and make these available for a fee.
(E) Brick-and-mortar companies replace dot- corns and take over their market space.
The primary purpose of Passage 1 is to
(A) refute arguments that state that the Internet economy is dead
(B) describe the current state of the Internet economy
(C) predict which types of dot-corns will succeed in the future
(D) explain why dot-corns failed (E) argue why dot-corns will return to
prominence
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1 1 . The last two sentences of Passage 1 convey (A) promise
(B) loyalty ( C) adoration (D) dissonance (E) doubt
12. In Passage 2, lines 66-68 ("The most powerful . . . site for retailers.") convey a tone that can be best described as
(A) frivolous (B) ambivalent ( C) apologetic (D) hopeful (E) ironic
1 3 . The author of Passage 2 reveals an attitude toward
"the Internet's potential as a repository of human knowledge" that is best described as
(A) neutral, because it will have very little impact on everyday life
(B) negative, because it can take money away from content owners
(C) positive, because it can facilitate the storage and exchange of information
(D) positive, because it can be used to facilitate the exchange of goods and services
(E) negative, because it can be used to hold and provide private information
Section 7 1
Practice Test Twelve 1 053
14. The author of Passage 2 mentions "science fiction movies" (line 77) primarily in order to
(A) offer an example of the wrong way to develop the Internet
(B) illustrate the outlandish nature of most Internet predictions
(C) foreshadow how powerful the Internet can be (D) cite an example of how the Internet is used
today
(E) allude to the dangers of widespread Internet usage
1 5 . The author of Passage 2 would most likely argue that the situation discussed by the author of Passage 1 in lines 1 1-14 ("due to two key changes . . . stronger than ever") is
(A) unlikely due to technological constraints (B) probable but undesirable
( C) an advancement over the current uses of the Internet
(D) a less than ideal use of the Internet's strengths (E) an obstacle to further development of the
Internet
16. The authors of both passages would likely agree that (A) the Internet can significantly impact society (B) the Internet's primary use should be
information storage and exchange (C) the Internet's future is primarily as
a marketplace
(D) entry by traditional companies will reshape the Internet
(E) broadband proliferation will fuel Internet growth
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1 7. The last paragraphs of both passages primarily serve to
(A) present a final piece of evidence in order to establish the author's credibility
(B) make predictions based on the passage's arguments
( C) warn the reader of the consequences referenced in the passage
(D) present an alternative viewpoint and refute it (E) leave the reader with a rhetorical question
based on the passage's argument
1 8 . The author of Passage 1 would probably respond to the plan by the author of Passage 2 to digitize media by stating that
(A) noncommercial applications for the Internet are destined for failure
(B) it will fail without the entry of "brick-and- mortar" companies
( C) there are too many barriers to entry
(D) dot-corns cannot provide traditional services (E) proliferation of broadband access would help
implement it
19. The reference to "online marketplace" (line 49) in Passage 1 and "fee structures" (line 1 1 3 ) in Passage 2 both serve to note that the two authors believe that
(A) the Internet can generate revenue (B) the Internet should not be free (C) broadband access should carry fees (D) intellectual property must be protected (E) the Internet will fail without business backing
STOP
SECTION 8 Time-20 Minutes
16 Questions
Section 8 1
Practice Test Twelve 1 055
Directions: For this section, solve each problem and decide which is the best of the choices given. Fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. You may use any available space for scratchwork.
Notes:
( 1 ) Calculator use is permitted.
(2) All numbers used are real numbers.
(3) Figures are provided for some problems. All figures are drawn to scale and lie in a plane UNLESS otherwise indicated.
( 4) Unless otherwise specified, the domain of any function f is assumed to be the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) is a real number.
1 .
a
c1 = a2 + bi
2�x 5�{2
�x ../3 � s
Special Right Triangles C = 2rtr The sum of the degree measures of the angles in a triangle is 1 80.
The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
A straight angle has a degree measure of 1 80.
V = 2wh v = rtr2h A = 2w
If 4x + 2 = 26, then 4x + 8 = 2. If y > 0, what is 60 percent of 20y ?
(A) 32 (A) l .2y
(B) 34 (B) lOy
(C) 36 (C) 1 2y
(D) 38 (D) 1 5y
(E) 40 (E) l 20y
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3 . All of the following are equal to 9.x2 EXCEPT (A) x2 + 8.x2
(B) 4x + 5x (C) (9x) (x) (D) (3x) (3x) (E) (-3x) (-3x)
( b2 - 7)
4. If r(b) = (b + 7) , what is the value of r(7)?
(A) 0 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 7 (E) 1 2
5 . For which o f the following sets o f numbers i s the average (arithmetic mean) greater than the median?
(A) {-2, - 1 , 0, l, 2}
(B) {-2, - 1 , 0, l , 3 } ( C ) {-2, 0 , 0 , 0 , 2 } (D) {-3, - 1 , 0, l , 2 } ( E ) {-3, - 1 , 0, 1 , 3 }
6. 40 percent of 2 1 0 is the same as 33_!_ percent of
what number? 3
(A) 840 (B) 280 (C) 252 (D) 1 75 (E) 84
ao
bo
co
7. In the figure above, if l II m and c = 50, what must a be in terms of b ?
(A) b (B) - b (C) 1 30 + b (D) 1 30 - b (E) 1 80 - b
8. If x and y are different positive integers and 3x + y = 1 7, the difference between the largest possible value of y and the smallest possible value ofy is
(A) 1 6 ( B ) 1 4 ( C ) 1 2 ( D ) 4 (E) 2
9. If70 percent ofx is 2, 100, then what is 40 percent of x ? (A) 3,000
(B) 2,020 (C) 1 ,800 (D) 1 ,470 (E) 1 ,200
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10. At 2 PM in Littleville, New York, it is 7 PM in Williamshire, England. A satellite orbiting Earth is visible in Littleville at 7 AM (Littleville time) but does not cross the sky over Williamshire until 6 PM
(Williamshire time) . A second satellite is seen over Williamshire at noon (Williamshire time) and takes the same amount of time to become visible in Littleville. When, in Littleville time, does the second satellite become visible?
(A) 1 1 AM
(B) 1 PM
(C) 5 PM
(D) 6 PM
(E) 1 1 PM
1 1 . Some clay is shaped into a sphere with a radius of 2 inches. If more clay is added to the original sphere so that the radius is increased by 4 inches, then the volume of the new sphere is how many times greater than the volume of the original sphere?
(A) 3 (B) 8 (C) 27 (D) 64 (E) 208
12. If g(t) = t2 - 4, then the graph of g(t) crosses the x-axis when t equals
(A) -2 only (B) 0 only (C) 2 only (D) -2 and 2 only (E) -2, 0, and 2
Section 8 1
Practice Test Twelve 1 057
13. If 22x- 3 = 8, then what is the value of x ? (A) 0
(B) (C) 2 (D) 3 (E) 4
14. The populations of two species of bacteria in a petri dish vary inversely. If there are 1 ,000 bacteria of species A when there are 500 bacteria of species B, how many bacteria of species B are there when there are 2,000 bacteria of species A ?
(A) 250 (B) 500 (C) 750 (D) 1 ,000 (E) 2,000
15. If a = 3(2c2 + 3c + 4) and b = -c + 4, what is a in terms of b ?
(A) 6b2 - 48b + 96 (B) 6b2 - 57b + 132 (C) 6b2 - 57b + 1 44 (D) 6b2 - 9b - 132 (E) 6b2 - 9b + 1 44
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16. In a certain pet store, every third goldfish has long fins, and every fourth goldfish has a long tail. If a fish is selected at random from a tank of 1 20 fish, what is the probability that the fish will have long
fins and a long tail?
(A) _1 1 2 ( B ) 1
7 (C) 2 7
(D) U 7 (E) _g 7
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON �
THIS SECTION ONLY. DO NOT TURN TO ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST. --
Section 9 1
Practice Test Twelve 1 059
SECTION 9 Time-10 Minutes
14 Questions
Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet.
The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of phrasing the underlined material. Choice (A) repeats the original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence than any of the alternatives, select choice (A); if not, select one of the other choices.
In making your selection, follow the requirements of standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation. Your selection should result in the most effective sentence-clear and precise, without awkwardness or ambiguity.
EXAMPLE: ANSWER:
Every apple in the baskets are ripe and labeled according to the date it was picked.
(A) are ripe and labeled according to the date it was picked
© e © ® ® (B) is ripe and labeled according to the date it was picked
( C) are ripe and labeled according to the date they were picked (D) is ripe and labeled according to the date they were picked (E) are ripe and labeled as to the date it was picked
1 . Undergraduate students may choose from many different major fields of study. there is one which is best for their personal interests.
(A) study, there is one which is (B) study, of which there is one (C) study, one of which is (D) study, and one of them is (E) one is
2. In the belief that foreign news programs aided him in learning languages, James will spend an hour watching them every day.
(A) James will spend an hour watching them every day
(B) James spent an hour watching them every day ( C) an hour of every day are spent watching them
by James
(D) they occupied an hour of every day for James (E) every day will find James spending an hour
on watching them
3. Chocolate is among Switzerland's most popular exports. as it was actually invented by the Aztecs.
(A) Chocolate is among Switzerland's most popular exports, as it was actually invented by the Aztecs.
(B) Among Switzerland's most popular exports, the Aztecs is actually invented chocolate.
(C) Chocolate, which is among Switzerland's most popular exports, was actually invented by the Aztecs.
(D) Chocolate was actually invented by the Aztecs, being among Switzerland's most popular exports.
(E) Actually, chocolate being invented by the Aztecs, it is among Switzerland's most popular exports.
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4. When someone listens to a current pop or rock song, you hear music influenced by decades of musicians and genres including gospel and country.
(A) you hear (B) it hears (C) you will hear (D) he or she hears (E) they hear
5. Born and raised on the coast of California, the Beach Boys' hit songs celebrate life in the sun and surf.
(A) the Beach Boys' hit songs celebrate life in the sun and surf
(B) the Beach Boys celebrate life in the sun and surf in their hit songs
( C) a celebration of life in the sun and surf is in the Beach Boys' hit songs
(D) life in the sun and surf is celebrated in the Beach Boys' hit songs
(E) the Beach Boys, who celebrate life in the sun and surf in their hit songs
6. Professor Schonle's son told the magazine that he had decided not to accept the new position, even though the current chairman has already resigned.
(A) he had decided not to accept the new position
(B) the decision was that his father would not accept the new position
( C) his father had decided not to accept the new position
(D) he decided that he will not accept to be placed in the new position
(E) it was decided about his not accepting the chairman's position
7. Although the college has begun to decrease the size of its classes, it is still receiving hundreds of protest letters.
(A) Although the college has begun to decrease the size of its classes
(B) Although beginning to decrease, as the college, the size of its classes
(C) The college, beginning to decrease the size of its classes
(D) The college has begun to decrease the size of its classes, and
(E) The college, beginning to decrease the size of its classes, however
8. When we meet new people, we make assumptions about them and then those assumptions are reconsidered as we get to know them better.
(A) assumptions about them and then those assumptions are reconsidered
(B) assumptions about them and then reconsider those assumptions
(C) assumptions about them, reconsidering those assumptions then
(D) assumptions about them, we reconsider those assumptions
(E) assumptions about them and then they are reconsidered by us
9. The songs of Ray Charles, often more energetic than his contemporaries, became popular because they blended disparate musical genres.
(A) The songs of Ray Charles, often more energetic than his contemporaries, (B) The songs of Ray Charles, which are often
more energetic and than his contemporaries, ( C) The songs of Ray Charles, often fuller of
energy than those of his contemporaries, (D) The songs of Ray Charles, often more
energetic than those of his contemporaries, (E) Often being more energetic than his
contemporaries, the songs of Ray Charles
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