x ray sources suitable for microbeam xrf

... Figure 1.2: X- ray image of a flare (13th January 1992) using Soft and Hard X- ray Telescopes (SXR and HXR) on-board Yohkoh HXR contours are overlaid onto the SXR loop The positions of X- ray sources ... Vilmer et al 2011) 1.5: Solar flare X- rays: observations 1.5.3 23 X- ray imaging of a solar flare The locations of X- ray sources Typically, there are X- ray sources located in both the chromosphere ... interplanetary space The scattered X- ray flux depends on many factors: the energy of the X- rays, the heliocentric angle of the X- ray emitter in the chromosphere, the height of the X- ray emitter above the photosphere...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2014, 20:30

... biplane x- ray system [36] Testing procedures Biplane x- ray images were acquired while manually flexing the knee from full extension (i.e., approximately 10° flexion) to approximately 90° of flexion ... These manually applied forces flexed the knee from full extension to approximately 80° of flexion at a rate of approximately 60° per second x- ray generators in pulsed mode (70 kV, 320 mA) and video ... s to eliminate motion blur For each specimen, we acquired biplane x- ray images of four flexion-extension trials and two static trials Following testing, we obtained axial CT images of each knee...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... X- Ray Fluorescence 1.Giới Thiệu XRF • XRF (huỳnh quang tia X) kỹ thuật quang phổ sử dụng chủ yếu với mẫu rắn,trong phát x tia X thứ cấp sinh kích thích điện tử mẫu nguồn phát tia X • Dựa ... lượng cường độ tia X phương pháp đo : + Wavelength Dispersive X- ray Fluorescence (WDXRF) (phân giải bước sóng huỳnh quang tia X ) + EDXRF (phân giải lượng huỳnh quang tia X) • Yêu cầu mẫu phân ... Ngọc Trung X- Ray Fluorescence Sự khác trình tạo điện tử Auger huỳnh quang tia X (Chúng khác lượng ) TS : Nguyễn Ngọc Trung X- Ray Fluorescence 3.Thiết bị phân tích tia X • Muốn phân tích XRF ta đo...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 11:20

... technology for device fabrication in micro-electronics With remarkable progress in such fields, X- ray optical methods such as grazingincidence X- ray diffraction (GIXD) and grazing X- ray reflectometry (GXR) ... materials Therefore, it is unrealistic to expect the EXAFS method alone to provide the correct structure information for a completely unknown and complex material For this reason, the AXS data could, ... incident X- ray photon Equation (2.3) is convenient for variable-wavelength measurements such as energy-dispersive X- ray diffraction (frequently referred to as the EDXD method; see, for example,...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 11:20

... arrangement of the X- ray fluorescence (XRF) apparatus is as shown in Figure X- ray photons from the tube pass through a mm diameter collimator towards the target The target atoms are excited causing ... London was an industrial Xray machine It was water-cooled and could produce X- radiation continuously The tube assembly type was a Comet ceramic X- ray tube assembly MXR160/0.4–3.0 The tube generator ... atoms are excited causing them to produce XRF photons unique to the element of the target The XRF beam then passes through four mm diameter collimators before reaching the detector Samples are placed...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 14:20

... lumen models Let X = · x = width of the double cell wall: s = R · T – [(R – X) · (T – X) ], s = X · (T + R) – X2 , s / S = cell wall proportion If drx = the wood density measured by x ray: apparent ... apparent density of the cell wall = drx / cell wall proportion = drx · S/s = drx · R · T / [X · (T + R) – X2 ] = drx · R · T / [X · (T + R – X) ] 2.3.2 Hexagonal model ST = area of measurement ... again, if drx = the wood density measured by x ray: apparent density of the cell wall = drx / cell wall proportion = drx · S/s = drx · H2 / (H2 – H’2) The use of rectangular and hexagonal models...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:22

... acquired on a linear accelerator equipped with an integrated kV X- ray volumetric imaging system (Elekta, Synergy S, XVI, Crawley, UK) For imaging the head-and-neck and brain tumor patients, we used ... body transformations, we selected the head-and-neck and brain tumor cases for our study, where this assumption was generally valid The calibration curve for kV-CBCT is different from that for conventional ... Substantially Reduces Margin Requirements for Stereotactic Lung Radiotherapy Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008, 70:1045-56 Jaffray DA, Battista JJ, Fenster A, Munro P: X- ray scatter in megavoltage transmission...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 08:23

... with low back pain for lumbar spine x- ray: ’When a patient presents with back pain, I have in mind to refer them for X- ray, I intend to refer patients with back pain for an X- ray as part of their ... patients for a lumbar X- ray is entirely up to me Indirect: Without an X- ray, how confident are you in your ability to treat patients with back pain who expect me to refer them for an X- ray Social ... not refer them for an X- ray Outcome Expectancies Self ( 2x2 ), Behaviour ( 8x8 ) The score was the mean of the summed multiplicatives Self: If I refer a patient with back pain for an X- ray, then I will...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:23

... Extreme Ultraviolet and Soft X- Ray Radiation TXM STXM Figure 2.12: Schematic drawings of the two main types of X- ray microscopes: the transmission X- ray microscope (TXM) magnifies a full field ... important for X- ray microscopy because it forms the brightest image in the detection plane For the described case of zone plates with zones alternating from 25 Extreme Ultraviolet and Soft X- Ray Radiation ... microscopes (STXM), for which a sample is raster-scanned through the focused X- ray spot Both types are suitable for laboratory- and synchrotronbased light sources (see Figure 2.12) 27 Extreme Ultraviolet...

Ngày tải lên: 25/11/2015, 15:14

... not applicable to the extraction of femur contours in x- ray images because the homogeneity criteria are not satisfied for femurs in x- ray images For instance, in a femur x- ray image, the femoral ... These extraneous edges and noise make fully automatic Figure 1.2: An example of the hip x- ray image Figure 1.3: An example of the extracted femur contour Figure 1.4: A typical femur x- ray image ... Figures 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 An example of subtle fracture An example of the hip x- ray image An example of the extracted femur contour A typical femur x- ray image Carpal bone...

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2015, 12:31

... PP x   iCx · LF (iCx ,ref − iCx )fs IBx VDCM iCx · Vx − +    i 2· V iCx · LF (iCx ,ref − iCx )fs IBx VDCM  Cx x − + ˜ PN x = (10) ˜ PP x   ICx VDCM iBx · LF (iCx ,ref − iCx )fs + iBx · ... currents of the pair-leg connected to phase x are equal to:   iCx + IBx  iN x  (1) =  i2  (x = a, b or c) Cx iP x − IBx where, iN x , iP x , iCx and IBx are the NL-HBCC leg current, the PL-HBCC ... discrete form by a good approximation within the switching time period [k, k + 1], as below: VN x, ref (k) = VP x, ref (k)   LF (iCx,ref (k) − iCx (k − 1))fs Vx (k − 1) −    LF (iCx,ref (k) − iCx...

Ngày tải lên: 15/10/2013, 16:24

... what needs to be done in order for their network to be more efficient and ready for IP Telephony PBE for IP Telephony When KRONE originally invented Patch By Exception (PBE) we took advantage ... delays are therefore usually only between 20 - 40 milliseconds After the system is installed, faulty equipment causing bit errors is easily replaced or repaired and external noise sources can usually ... parameters of NEXT, Insertion Loss (attenuation), DC Resistance, Return Loss, Propagation Delay and the calculated parameters of ACR, ELFEXT, skew, as well as all the Powersum calculations PSNEXT, PSACR,...

Ngày tải lên: 19/10/2013, 12:15

... vật liệu X- ray cho lớp da ma nên bạn chọn ID Tiếp theo thiết lập hình Tiếp theo thiết lập hình Tiếp theo thiết lập hình Tiếp theo thiết lập hình nhấp OK Tiếp theo thiết lập hình Kéo xuống chọn...

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 21:15

... melt of Form III? loss of water melt of Form III Form I to Form II melt of Form II loss of water melt of Form III Form I to Form II melt of Form II Form I to Form II melt of Form II melt of Form ... thermal event Form I to Form II melt of Form II Form I to Form II melt of Form II loss of water melt of Form I Form I to Form II melt of Form II loss of water melt of Form III melt of Form VI loss ... polymorph, Form VII Form VII was apparently formed by refluxing a mixture of Form I and Form IV or by refluxing Form VI in acetone The proposed interconversions of the various polymorphs of dicarboxylate...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 03:20

... pantoate-bound form of nPS using X- ray crystallography, as described below A Solution and refinement of the structure using X- ray crystallography B The crystal structure of the pantoate–nPS complex was ... B-chain of nPS in the region of the HXGH (34–37) motif (where X = Asp for E coli PS and Glu for M tuberculosis and A thaliana PS) As compared with the substratefree form, the imidazole rings of His34 ... vicinity exhibit high flexibility Preliminary analysis of 15N relaxation data shows that residues 118–122 have a higher degree of flexibility than other ordered regions of the protein Unfortunately,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... values Each experiment was carried out at least twice and the average value is shown Errors are within ± 0.3 °C for Tm, ± 26 kJÆmol)1 for DHm, ± 0.12 kJÆmol)1ÆK)1 for DSm and ± 0.3 kJÆmol)1 for DDGm ... Drops were prepared by mixing lL each of the protein and reservoir solutions, and were vapour equilibrated against 100 lL of reservoir solution Native crystals suitable for X- ray diffraction analysis ... Cm(mutant))Cm(wild-type) Each experiment was carried out at least twice and the average value is shown Errors are within ± 0.1 M for Cm, ± 0.8 kJÆmol)1ÆM)1 for m and ± 1.0 kJÆmol)1 for DG(H2O) bData from...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 13:20

... CtCBM11 for substrates such as lichenan, b-glucan, cellohexaose, cellotetraose, cellopentaose and G4G4G3G CtCBM11 exhibits a preference for b-1,3-1,4 glucans and a considerable affinity for b-1,4 ... The STD results obtained for cellotetraose are very similar to those obtained for cellohexaose Again, not all protons give a STD signal and the maximum intensity is found for protons H2 and H6 of ... overall conformation of the bound carbohydrate chain The same type of interaction also appears to control the overall carbohydrate conformation in the X- ray structures of CBM4 and CBM17 complexed with...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 17:20

... provided for the cis X- Pro isomers of several peptides with the sequence motif X- Pro-Phe [61] (X stands for aromatic amino acid) This specific conformational feature may be of importance for the conformation ... scans per increment for 2D TOCSY and 64 scans for 2D NOESY experiments, respectively The mixing time for TOCSY spectra was 80 ms Mixing times for NOESY experiments were set to 100, 200, 350 and 400 ... orientation for the hormone In addition, we checked for the presence of conformational averaging by performing ensemble-average refinement with complete cross-validation against the number of conformers...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 23:20