teaching academic esl writing part 33

... for Teaching the Language Features of Academic Writing OVERVIEW • The importance of accuracy in academic writing • Recurrent features of academic discourse in English • The benefits of written academic ... es-says/writing tasks required of students in ESL/EAP writing courses are distinct from those in courses in the disciplines? If you were in charge of the curriculum in preparatory ESL writing ... framework for teaching academic writing courses that focus on just the core, academic sur-vival-level skills students need to be successful in their university work To this end, the L2 writing course

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 19:15

... concluded that an increase in the amount of academic vo-cabulary in L2 writing contributes significantly to the higher evaluations of the quality of L2 academic writing In light of this finding, it ... stu-dents strongly preferred that teachers' correct their errors in writing Thus, an important consideration in teaching L2 academic writing is not whether to correct textual errors and help students ... students for academic studies in English-speaking countries needs to be designed to develop learners' practical and useful skills that are directly relevant to producing academic text Teaching grammar

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 10:15

... & Hedgcock, 1998) Thus, teaching students to become independent self-editors represents a crucial component of writing instruction Some approaches to teaching L2 writing advocate text-level ... learners move from ESL and EAP programs into their university studies, with the exception of the writing center tutors, they are largely left to their own devices in producing academic writing of passing ... CONSTRUCTIONS The following features of academic writing and text have been identified as rare; in fact, some are never encountered in large written academic and NS student writing corpora (Biber, 1988;

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 10:15

... prevalence in academic texts Biber's, et al (1999) large corpus analysis of various types of written texts in-dicates that lexical verbs (e.g., walk, sing, talk) are far less common in academic prose ... discussion of the main verb types is organized based on their prevalence in academic prose as identified in various analyses of academic English language corpora (Biber, 1988; Biber et al., 1999; Hyland, ... Because sentences with be-verbs, are easy to construct, many NNS writers overuse them in their academic writing (Hinkel, 2002a) One of the most common structures that follows be is the prepositional

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 09:15

... learners often have trouble using verb tenses and aspects appropriately in their academic writing Techniques for teaching L2 academic writers to get around the com-plexities of the verb phrase are further ... verb helps students check for sub-ject-verb agreement STRATEGIES AND TACTICS FOR TEACHING AND TEACHING ACTIVITIES Teaching suggestions presented here advance in the degree of their sophis-tication ... examples of sentence correction, see Suggestions for Teaching CHAPTER SUMMARY Rigid and predictable patterns in English syntax provide framework for teaching sentence structure by means of slots that

Ngày tải lên: 28/10/2013, 16:15

... 4SENTENCE STEMS FOR WRITTEN ACADEMIC DISCOURSE As discussed in chapter 3, the teaching of sentence and phrase structure needs to co-occur with instruction on vocabulary and common academic collocations ... OVERVIEW • Noun groupings and substitutions to expand vocabulary • Vocabulary in academic writing • 380 essential nouns in academic texts • Required elements of the noun phrase o Articles o Count and ... noun forms • The importance of gerunds and nominalizations in academic text • Compound noun phrases • Strategies for teaching nouns and teaching activities Most people who have learned a foreign

Ngày tải lên: 28/10/2013, 16:15

... Those who have successfully attained L2 pro-ficiency sufficient for success in academic reading and writing in any L2 (particularly one without L1 cognates) are familiar with the te-dious work entailed ... of missing an appropriate noun or two. VOCABULARY IN UNIVERSITY WRITING Research on the vocabulary range needed to write basic academic text has shown that a foundation of 2,000 to 3,000 words ... (Biber et al., 1999) Therefore, academic vocabulary and grammar need to be explic-itly taught (Norris & Ortega, 2000) In general, the importance of noun us-age in academic prose cannot be overestimated

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 11:15

... tense, it is hardly ever used in academic writing, and L2 academic writers should be encouraged to employ modal verbs such as may, can, and could instead. In teaching it is helpful to present ... expended on teaching students how to use English tenses and aspects correctly, the point of fact is that this instruction may not be particularly necessarily for the purposes of academic writing ... specified] As mentioned, progressive tenses rarely occur in academic prose, and the number of verbs that are useful in the teaching of L2 academic writing is ac-tually quite small Verbs That Tend to

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 14:15

... verbs seldom occur in academic writing • A number of important academic verbs are not used in the progres-sive aspect, and these verbs need to be learned Thus, in academic writing, it may be best ... 5anal-yses of academic prose, it appears that in real academic writing discourse, outside of the teaching of composition, passive voice is ubiquitous and re-mains a prevalent feature of academic text ... Passives in Academic Writing The uses of the passive voice are extraordinarily common in academic writ-ing, and to a large extent the prevalence of passive voice is determined by academic discourse

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 14:15

... guarantee superb writing, and that the writing of native students, like L2 writing, also varies widely in quality Samples of native students' writing can be requested from the Writing Center, ... rarely used in academic writing, and that some passive constructions are idiomatic and must be learned in-dependently of general rules STRATEGIES AND TACTICS FOR TEACHING AND TEACHING ACTIVITIES ... tense is rarely used in academic writing—more com-monly, modal verbs (e.g., can, may) are used to express future expectation. Progressive tenses are rarely found in academic writing, and perfect

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 14:15

... impart per-sonal and subjective tone to formal discourse In classroom teaching, the former can be combined with reporting verbs, and the latter should be Trang 3dis-couraged in L2 academic writing ... calculate, recognize). The teaching of mental/emotive verbs needs to proceed judiciously Al-though some of the verbs in this class are relatively common in academic writing, others are hardly ... MENTAL/EMOTIVE (THINKING/FEELING) VERBS On the whole, mental verbs are not popular in academic prose, and their rate of use in academic prose stands at approximately 0.42% in a large Eng-lish-language corpus

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 14:15

... word roots are so common in academic discourse that it may be difficult to do without them (e.g., non-, il-, intro-, post-) In teaching, productive and trans-parent word parts should be selected ... Nation, learning word parts "can help the learning of thousands of English words," with both high and low frequen-cies of use in academic vocabulary Trang 2Verb Prefixes and Academic Verbscon- ... words without parsing them into constituent parts in those cases when affixes appear to be particularly opaque (Adams, 2001; Schmitt, 2000) Numerous teaching materials are available for prefixes

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 14:15

... their own writing Analyses of written academic cor-pora in English have shown that evaluative adjectives belong to the largest class of adjectives followed by descriptors of size. In academic ... that occur in academic writing are actually limited to only a few common items and should be taught to students • Prepositional phrases with adjectival or adverbial functions are particularly ... adjectives and adverbs used in contexts The sentences should be extracted from academic textbooks, materials, or NS academic writing and can be made graded if desired, Trang 5be-ginning with easier

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 14:15

... (1996) Strategic vagueness in academic writing In E Ventola & A. Mauranen (Eds.), Academic writing (pp 1-18) Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Myers, G (1999) Interaction in writing: Principles and problems ... windows on academic writing. In J Flowerdew (Ed.), Academic discourse (pp 131-149) Harlow, UK: Longman. Appendix to Chapter 9 Evaluative Adjectives and Noun Chunks Frequent in Academic Writing Evaluative ... general, adverbial clauses are more common in speech than in writing However, in instruction in academic writing, and argumentative writing in particular, the uses of various types of adverb clauses

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 02:16

... L2 writers to use in academic writing to avoid having their writing appear too simple However, to benefit from the sophistication subordinate clauses add to the students' writing, students must ... very rare in formal academic prose Although most grammar books include them in their explanations of noun clauses, such structures practically never occur in student academic writing, native and ... government. Contrary to explanations found in many ESL books that whether and if can be equally well employed in constructing noun clauses, in academic writing if occasionally occurs with only three

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 02:16

... Reconstructing academic writing proficiency In L. Hamp-Lyons (Ed.), Assessing second language writing (pp 127-153) Norwood, NJ: Ablex. Hinkel, E (2003) Adverbial markers and tone in L1 and L2 students' writing.Jour-nal ... Hamp-Lyons (Ed.), As-sessing second language writing (pp 181-196) Norwood, NJ: Ablex. Appendix to Chapter 10 REPORTING AND BELIEF VERBS FOR ACADEMIC WRITING Common Academic Reporting Verbs affirm assume ... acceptable in formal academic written English? • Many L2 writers dislike learning vocabulary—a common problem that can bother ESL teachers. • It goes without saying that learning to write academic essays

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 02:16

... features of L2 academic writ-ing, largely focusing on those that specifically require additional attention in L2 writing instruction In particular various studies have noted that in ac-ademic writing ... conjunctions are partic-ularly common when they conjoin parallel phrases and simple sen-tences, whereas but is least frequent in academic text It is interesting to note that in academic writing slightly ... ideas and a fragmented writing style (Chafe, 1985) However, the conjunction or finds many more uses in academic writing than in other types of text mostly due to the fact that academic definitions,

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 02:16

... sentence transitions in writing instruc-tion for university-level students, the misuse and overuse of these co-hesive devices is not particularly surprising In fact in teaching L2 writing, an important ... (1999) is that conversational discourse employs far more sentence transitions than academic writing does. In academic writing, the most frequently encountered sentence tran-sitions are actually notfirst(-ly), ... structures. CLARIFYING AND GIVING EXAMPLES In academic writing instruction, giving examples is often strongly encour-aged In most textbooks on academic writing, among other types of sup-porting evidence,

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 02:16

... pre-dominant in academic written discourse In teaching these can be contrasted with informal conversational hedges to bring learners' attention to distinctions between formal and academic writing and ... employed in academic writing. The key distinction between the meanings of may and can lies in the fact that may refers to a possibility and can to an ability Both may and can are rarely used in academic ... register, in for-mal discourse may is more appropriate particularly in academic prose in humanities and social sciences (Hyland, 1998) In formal writing, can rarely refers to abilities, but rather

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 02:16

... (1996) Strategic vagueness in academic writing In E Ventola & A. Mauranen (Eds.), Academic writing (pp 1-18) Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Myers, G (1999) Interaction in writing: Principles and problems ... L2 Academic Writing Hyland, K., & Milton, J (1997) Hedging in LI and L2 student writing Journal of Second Language Writing, 6(2), 183-206. Hinkel, E (1997b) Indirectness in LI and L2 academic ... Candlin & K Hyland (Eds.), Writing texts, processes and practices (pp 40-61) London: Longman. Hedging in ESL/EAP Textbooks Hyland, K (1994) Hedging in academic writing and EAP textbooks English

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 02:16