software hardware and computer storage

... 1CHAPTER 1:Computer Systems The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2Typical Computer ... CU: control unit  Interface unit and other hardware components between different components Trang 10 Also known as primary storage , working storage, and RAM (random access memory)  Consists ... Trang 14communication between computers, I/O devices, and many software programs  HTTP: between Web servers and Web browsers  TCP/IP: between computers on the Internet and local area networks Trang

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2Why Binary? Early computer design was ... Mark I and ENIAC  John von Neumann proposed binary data processing (1945)  Simplified computer design  Used for both instructions and data  Natural relationship between on/off switches and calculation ... “1”  AND (carry bit)  Output is “1” if and only both inputs are a “1” Trang 27Binary Multiplication Boolean logic without performing arithmetic  AND (carry bit)  Output is “1” if and only

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2represented, stored and processed by a computerTrang ... required  Trade-offs  Accuracy and resolution  Simple photo vs painting in an art book  Compactness (storage and transmission)  More data required for improved accuracy and resolution  Compression ... Graphics Software Files extensions include wmf, dxf, mgx, and cgm products image-editing, painting and animation software drafters, and design-related professionals Web description language 

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Formats The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2computer- Define the different ... detail and processing requirements are fairly simple  Input devices:  Digital cameras and video capture devices  Graphical input devices like mice and pens  Managed by photo editing software ... resolution  Simple photo vs painting in an art book  Compactness (storage and transmission)  More data required for improved accuracy and resolution  Compression represents data in a more compact

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... 4:Representing Integer Data The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 332-bit Data WordTrang ... Trang 10Difficult Calculation Algorithms to implement in hardware  Must test for 2 values of 0  Useful with BCD  Order of signed number and carry/borrow makes a difference 2 - 4 -2 12 - 4 8 Trang ... for the negative result  Counting left would cross the modulus and give incorrect answer because there are 2 values for 0 (+0 and -0) Trang 18Addition with End-around Carry Count to the right

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Man Computer The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2The Little Man ComputerTrang ... Languageassembly language instruction and binary (machine) language instruction  Mnemonics (short character sequence) represent instructions control over hardware, e.g., device drivers Trang ... later). Trang 25Execute, cont 3 He walks over to the calculator and punches the number in. 4 He walks over to the location counter and clicks it, which gets him ready to fetch the next instruction.

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... CPU and Memory The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2Chapter 7 CPU and ... 3Chapter 7 CPU and Memory 7-3System Block Diagram Trang 4Chapter 7 CPU and Memory 7-4The Little Man Computer Trang 5Chapter 7 CPU and Memory 7-5Concept of Registers  Small, permanent storage locations ... CPU and currently executing program  Flags (one bit Boolean variable) to track condition like arithmetic carry and overflow, power failure, internal computer error Trang 8Chapter 7 CPU and Memory

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... 8CPU and Memory: Design, Implementation, and Enhancement The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and ... infrequently used by programmers and compilers  Memory references, loads and stores, are slow and account for a significant fraction of all instructions  Procedure and function calls are a major ... Determine opcode  Identify type of instruction and operands  Several instructions are fetched in parallel and held in a buffer until decoded and executed  IP – Instruction Pointer register

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... 1Chapter 9: Input/OutputThe Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2 Chapter 9 Input ... addressed to it and accepts commands from the CPU  Provides a buffer where the data from memory can be held until it can be transferred to the disk  Provides the necessary registers and controls ... time sharing  Indicate abnormal event (CPU originates for notification and recovery)  illegal operation, hardware error  Software interrupts Trang 19Multiple Interrupts Identifying devices

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Trang 1Chapter 10Computer Peripherals The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang ... separate from the basic computer  Classified as input, output, and storage  Connect via  Ports  parallel, USB, serial  Interface to systems bus  SCSI, IDE, PCMCIA Trang 3Storage Devicesprimary ... Access time: average time it takes a computer to locate data and read it  Data transfer rate: amount of data that moves per second Trang 5Hierarchy of StorageCPU Registers Cache Memory (SRAM)

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... 11Modern Computer Systems, Clusters, and Networks The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons ... Coupled Systems Clusters or multi-computer systems  Each system has its own CPU, memory, and I/ Trang 13Shared-Disk Model Better load balancing  Complex software required for transactional ... Trang 14Cluster ModelsTrang 16Blade and Rack of Beowulf ClusterTrang 17Computer Interconnection Communication channel – pathway for data movement between computers Trang 18Example: Point-to-PointTrang

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

... Hardware and Computer Organization Hardware and Computer Organization The Software Perspective By Arnold S Berger AMSTERDAM • BOSTON ... Berger, Arnold S Hardware and computer organization : a guide for software professionals / by Arnold S Berger p cm ISBN 0-7506-7886-0 Computer organization Computer engineering Computer interfaces ... will be computer performance We will keep returning to the issues associated with the software- to -hardware interface and the implications of coding methods on the hardware and of the hardware...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 14:20

... (Booleans), 0 but what does ANDing two AND 32-bit numbers mean? In AND this case, the AND operation 0 is called a bitwise AND, AND because it ANDs together the Logical Equation: 0xAA AND 0x55 = 0x00 corresponding ... time and walk through it The XOR gate has two inputs, A and B, and a single output, C Input A goes to AND gate #3 and to NOT gate #1, where it is inverted Likewise, input B goes to AND gate #4 and ... logical AND AND operation on two 32-bit numbers You already know AND from your other programming AND 0 courses that you can a logical AND operation on AND variables that evaluate to AND TRUE...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 14:20

... that reprefunctions AND, OR, NAND, NOR and XOR sents the TRUE/FALSE conditions of a logical gate or system For each of the logical gates we’ve studied so far, AND, OR, NAND, NOR and XOR, we’ve used ... Figure 2.19 shows the truth tables and logic symbols for a 4-input AND gate and a 3-input OR gate It is possible to find commercially available AND, NAND, OR and NOR circuits with or more inputs ... accomplished: • Learned the basic logic gates, AND, OR and NOT and saw how more complex gates, such as NAND, NOR and XOR could be derived from them, and • Learned that logic values that are dynamic,...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 14:20

... Operand Perform Operation Compute Operand Address Fetch Operand Compute Operand Address Figure 5.26: State sequencing in a simple microprocessor Modern Hardware Design Methodologies Mead and ... closely integrate the separate hardware and software design processes into a higher-level system view However, one remaining difference between the hardware and software development processes ... of storage capacity FLASH memories retain their information even with power removed, and are faster and more rugged than disk drives However, disk drives and tape drives still win on capacity and...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 14:20

... ROW > (A0 = 0) AND (A1 = ) AND (CS = 0) AND (W = 1) • READ FROM ROW > (A0 = 1) AND (A1 = ) AND (CS = 0) AND (W = 1) 133 Chapter • • READ FROM ROW > (A0 = 0) AND (A1 = ) AND (CS = 0) AND (W = 1) ... devices All the Program code and initialization vectors Program code and initialization vectors rest of the memory in Stack and heap,variable storage variable storage Stack and heap, Figure 7.1 is ... the computer This perspective is quite different from that of someone who wants to be able to design computer hardware Our focus throughout this book has been on the understanding of the hardware...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 14:20

... the data (this is called operand 1), and where to put the result (operand 2) A complete assembly language instruction must have an opcode and may have 0,1 or operands Here’s your first assembly ... simulator and debugger in a package The simulators are like a computer and debugger combined You can many of the debugger operations that you are use to, such as • peek and poke memory • examine and ... instructions and addressing modes that you understand and then begin to integrate other instructions and addressing modes when you need something more efficient, or just want to expand your repertoire...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 14:20

... Instructions AND The AND instruction performs the bit-wise, logical AND For example, if = $3795AC5F and = $B6D34B9D before the instruction AND. W D0,D1 is executed, then = $3795AC5F and ... trick to remember is this: • Any hex digit AND ed with F returns the digit • Any hex digit AND ed with returns ANDI ANDI: AND immediate data Example, ANDI.B #$5A,D7 Other Logical Instructions ... that you understand how to use the pseudo-ops EQU, ORG, CRE, DC.L, DC.B, DC.W and DS.L, DS.W, DS.B, END • Understand the instructions JRS, RTS, LEA and the addressing modes, (An) and (An)+ • This...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 14:20

... memory operand The registers (CS, DS, ES and SS) define the segments of memory that are immediately addressable for code, or instruction fetches (CS), data reads and writes (DS and ES) and stack-based ... Operand Mode: The operand is located in one of the or 16 bit registers Example of Register Operand Mode instructions would be: MOV MOV INC AX,DX AL,BH AX Immediate Operand Mode: The operand is ... a qualifying signal for the READ and WRITE operations and is gated through the two lower OR gates in the figure (keep thinking, “ negative logic AND gates” ) and to the ADDRESS DECODER block You...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 14:20