pseudomembranous colitis clostridium difficile infection

... 1–3% among community residents The risk of C difficile acquisition increases in proportion to length of hospital stay Asymptomatic fecal carriage of C difficile in healthy neonates is very common, ... Autopsy specimen showing confluent pseudomembranes covering the cecum of a patient with pseudomembranous colitis Note the sparing of the terminal ileum (arrow) ... during the first months of life, but associated disease in this population is rare Spores of C difficile are found on environmental surfaces (where the organism can persist for months) and on...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 15:20

... hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) At least three events are integral to C difficile pathogenesis Exposure to antibiotics establishes susceptibility to infection Once ... ≥15,000 cells/µL Such patients are at high risk for complications of C difficile infection, particularly toxic megacolon and sepsis C difficile diarrhea recurs after treatment in ~15–30% of cases, and ... patient may acquire nontoxigenic (nonpathogenic) or toxigenic strains of C difficile as a second event Acquisition of toxigenic C difficile may be followed by asymptomatic colonization or CDAD, depending...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 15:20

... cytotoxin test Latex test for ++ +++ Detects glutamate C difficile antigen in dehydrogenase found in stool toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains of C difficile and other stool organisms; less sensitive ... not be used to restrict placement of patients in long-term-care or nursing home facilities Clostridium difficile Associated Disease: Treatment Primary CDAD When possible, discontinuation of any ... criteria Note: ++++, >90%; +++, 71–90%; ++, 51–70%; +, ~50% Despite the array of tests available for C difficile and its toxins (Table 1231), no single test has high sensitivity, high specificity, and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 15:20

... 123-2 Expected Treatment Outcomes Based on Randomized Comparative Trials of Oral Therapy for Clostridium difficile Associated Disease Treatment Dose Resolution and Duration of Diarrhea, % Placebo...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 15:20

... treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis with metronidazole Clin Infect Dis 40:1586, 2005 [PMID: 15889354] Pepin J et al: Increasing risk of relapse after treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis ... multi-institutional outbreak of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality N Engl J Med 353:2442, 2005 [PMID: 16322602] McDonald LC et al: Clostridium difficile infection in patients ... Treatment of Clostridium difficile associated disease: Old therapies and new strategies Lancet Infect Dis 5:549, 2005 [PMID: 16122678] Johnson S et al: Interruption of recurrent Clostridium difficile associated...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 15:20

... F, Petit JC: Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile- associated infections Clin Microbiol Infect 2001, 7:405-410 Bignardi GE: Risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection J Hosp Infect 1998, ... McDonald branous colitis caused by a Toxin A- B+ strain of Clostridium difficile J Clin Microbiol 2000, 38:1696-1697 Bartlett JG: Narrative review: the new epidemic of Clostridium difficile- associated ... Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis due to toxin-producing clostridia N Engl J Med 1978, 298: 531-534 Larson HE, Price AB, Honour P, Borriello SP: Clostridium difficile and the aetiology of pseudomembranous...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:21

... H2-Vi khuẩn Clostridium difficile H3-Vi khuẩn Clostridium difficile kính hiển vi - Tiêu chảy C difficile xảy 8% trường hợp bệnh nhân nội trú nguyên nhân ... B C difficile (Elisa) Thường xét nghiệm mẫu phân đủ, cần phải làm nhắc lại nhiều lần nghi ngờ chẩn đoán mẫu xét nghiệm lại cho kết âm tính H5-Kit để chẩn đốn xác định độc tố vi khuẩn C difficile ... penicillins (đặc biệt ampicillin, amoxicillin), clindamycin tác nhân đem đến nguy cao - Viêm đại tràng C difficile xảy sau dùng số thuốc hoá trị liệu ung thư - Vi khuẩn tiết đồng thời chất gây độc tế bào...

Ngày tải lên: 16/12/2013, 03:15

... & pathogenesis of Clostridium difficile associated diseases Indian J Med Res 2010, 131:487-499 Hookman P, Barkin JS: Clostridium difficile associated infection, diarrhea and colitis World J Gastroenterol ... Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in a large teaching hospital in Singapore Pathology 2007, 39:438-442 DuPont HL, Garey K, Caeiro J, Jiang Z: New advances in Clostridium difficile infection: ... Update of Clostridium difficile infection due to PCR ribotype 027 in Europe, 2008 Euro Surveill 2008, 13 Thomas C, Stevenson M, Riley TV: Antibiotics and hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile- associated...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:20

... JG: Historical perspectives on studies of Clostridium difficile and C difficile infection Clin Infect Dis 2008, 46(Suppl 1):S4-11 Bartlett JG: Clostridium difficile: history of its role as an enteric ... infusion; CDI: C difficile infection; CDS: coding sequence; IS: Insertion Sequence; MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration; PaLoc: pathogenicity locus; PMC: pseudomembranous colitis; SMPI: Stoke ... 80 70 630 M120 CD196 BI-1 BI-16 R20291 C difficile strains Figure Autoagglutination of C difficile strains Autoagglutination of C difficile strains C difficile strains were grown on BHI plates...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... Gould C, McDonald C: Bench-to-bedside review: Clostridium difficile colitis Crit Care 2008, 12:203 Bartlett JG: New drugs for Clostridium difficile infection Clin Infect Dis 2006, 43:428-431 Pepin ... community-acquired Clostridium difficile- associated disease JAMA 2005, 294: 2989-2995 Bartlett J: Historical perspectives on studies of Clostridium difficile and C difficile infection Clin Infect ... Muto C, Owens R: Treatment of Clostridium difficile infection Clin Infect Dis 2008, 46:S32-S42 Wanahita A, Goldsmith EA, Marino BJ, Musher DM: Clostridium difficile infection in patients with unexplained...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:21

... Ambrosino DM: Treatment with monoclonal antibodies against Clostridium difficile toxins N Engl J Med 2010, 362:197-205 Kyne L: Clostridium difficile beyond antibiotics N Engl J Med 2010, 362:264-265 ... Clostridium difficile- associated disease in nonsurgical inpatients Clin Infect Dis 2008, 46:497-504 Garey KW, Sethi S, Yadav Y, DuPont HL: Meta-analysis to assess risk factors for recurrent Clostridium ... study defined severity of C   difficile infection solely in terms of stool counts and may have unduly dismissed the benefit of the antibodies against the initial infection Utilizing other parameters,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 21:21

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2015, 20:58

... P., and LaMont, J T (1998) Clostridium difficile infection Ann Rev Med 49, 375-390 160 Kelly, C P., Pothoulakis, C., and La Mont, J T (1994) Clostridium difficile colitis New England J Med 330, ... toxin in pseudomembranous colitis British Med J 1, 1246-1248 Larson, H E., Price, A B., Honour, P., and Borriello, S P (1978) Clostridium difficile and the aetiology of pseudomembranous colitis ... Gerding, D N (1990) Antimicrobial Agents in Clostridium difficileassociated intestinal diseases In Clostridium difficile et Pathologie Intestinale: Clostridium difficile- associated Intestinal Diseases,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 15:54

... into the virulence armoury of C difficile is a boost to its pathogenicity Through decades, knowledge on genetics, epidemiology and molecular pathogenesis of C difficile have been documented with ... technique of genomic subtraction to successfully isolate a full complement cdt genes from pathogenic C difficile CCUG 20309 Although established however, it is of relevance to mention that genomic subtraction ... in a rapid isolation of known and putative virulence determinants from the partially sequenced C difficile genome Overall, the technique would be a good adjunct to genome sequencing as it can selectively...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 15:54

... Toxin B Clostridium difficile 1.E-23 100% AF217292 GS41 348 Toxin A locus CDTOXA, X5179, AA1-142 Clostridium difficile 2.E-10 100% CAA36093 TcdE locus CDI011301, AJ011301 Clostridium difficile ... -35 -10 (bp) Reference Gram positive E coli Clostridia spp C difficile cdtA C difficile tcdA C difficile tcdB C difficile tcdD C difficile C perfringens C botulinum tcdE Ia botA Ttgaca* Ttgaca* ... GS104 398 Toxin B Clostridium difficile 1.E-59 100% AF217292 GS110 127 Tox protein DT-201 Corynebacterium diphtheriae 2.E-06 100% AAA72620 GS128 187 S-layer protein Clostridium difficile 1.E-01...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 15:54

... Epidemiology Clostridium difficile is the most frequently implicated cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and colitis (Frost, Craun et al 1998; Djuretic, Wall et al 1999) In the U.S., C difficile ... diagnostic tools for colitis, these techniques must be used judiciously due to the invasiveness of procedure (Hurley and Nguyen 2002) The “gold standard” for diagnosis of C difficile infection is the ... spectrum of pseudomembranous enterocolitis and antibioticassociated diarrhea (2002)” discontinuance of use of offending antibiotic and commencement of efficacious drugs against C difficile such...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 15:54

... ix List of Abbreviations xi Chapter Review of Literature 1.1 Clostridium difficile 1.2 Diagnosis 1.3 Epidemiology 1.4 Pathogenesis ... Appendix B: Curriculum vitaé 195 v Summary The emerging clinical importance of Clostridium difficile has prompted the application of targeted strategy to rapidly identify virulence ... views of PMC 1.3 Genetic map of C difficile PaLoc 1.4 Mode of action of toxin A and toxin B 12 1.5 Genetic map of C difficile cdt locus 20 1.6 Structural...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 15:54

... children’s hospitals, the incidence of C .difficile infection increased by 53% from 2001 – 2006 ( 2.6 to 4.0 cases per 1000 admissions ) In 2011, incidence of C .difficile infection in children < 18 years ... intestinal disorders   Diarrhea Pseudomembranous colitis      Fever Prolonged watery diarrhea Abdominal pain and distention Blood or mucus in stool Fulminant colitis  Toxic megacolon  Bowel ... Alteration of the colonic microflora Ingestion, colonization, and overgrowth of C difficile Production of C difficile toxin(s) Injury to and inflammation of intestinal epithelium, resulting in...

Ngày tải lên: 02/09/2016, 15:11

... America; IQR: interquartile range; LRTI: lower respiratory tract infection; PCT: procalcitonin; PIRO: predisposition: insult /infection: response: and organ dysfunction; PSI: pneumonia severity ... novel biomarker, in lower respiratory tract infections Eur J Clin Invest 2007, 37:145-152 Christ-Crain M, Muller B: Biomarkers in respiratory tract infections: diagnostic guides to antibiotic ... M, Spencer RC, Hemmer M: The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe Results of the European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC) Study EPIC International...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 10:02

... systemic signs of infection could be detected A prosthesis reimplantation was performed in both cases At a further follow-up of 30 and 32 months, respectively, no reinfection or infection persistence ... them have used only polyvinylalcohol sponges for infection management Kelm et al reported an infection eradication in out of 10 patients having early infections after total hip or excision arthroplasty ... respectively [10] Lüdemann et al treated 17 cases of early infections after THA by insertion of polyvinylalcohol sponges [12] An infection persistence or reinfection was seen in cases (47 %; follow-up not...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:53