life cycle costing case studies

... limited to: Environmental Life Cycle Assessment; Social LifeCycle Assessment; Organizational and Product Carbon Footprints; Ecological,Energy and Water Footprints; Life cycle costing; Environmental ... using life cycle based methodology.Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (E-LCA) was used to evaluate the envi-ronmental dimension (Corona et al.2014; Corona and San Miguel2015) and LifeCycle Costing ... classical steps described inISO 14040 for life cycle assessment: Definition of objectives and scope; social lifecycle inventory analysis; social life cycle impact assessment; and interpretation...

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2020, 10:31

... limited to: Environmental Life Cycle Assessment; Social Life Cycle Assessment; Organizational and Product Carbon Footprints; Ecological, Energy and Water Footprints; Life cycle costing; Environmental ... UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative states in its report “Towards a Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment” that LCSA may be seen as the summation of three analysis tools: Environmental Life Cycle Analysis ... industry using social life cycle assessment—Opportunities and challenges of input-output modelling International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 23(3), 536–546 Social Life Cycle Assessment of...

Ngày tải lên: 03/03/2020, 10:45

... Life Cycle Costing 27 Case Study Box 3: Perspectives Starting from the complete life cycle cost result for the idealized washing machine, this case study box illustrates life cycle ... and upstream costs are related to the life cycle of the product: “upstream” means earlier in the life cycle, whereas “downstream” means later in the life cycle, relative to some reference activity. ... Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Modeling for Life Cycle Costing 23 Case Study Box 2: Cost Categories This case study box illustrates the cost categories chosen to calculate...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... life cycle during... and life cycle impact assessment) Environmental Life Cycle Costing No complementary LCA required None estimated Cost (€ per unit) Life cycle stage 50 Case ... Environmental Life Cycle Costing consumption... Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Environmental Life Cycle Costing 47 Case Study Box 6: Calculation of Life Cycle Costs ... This is the... process or subsystem = life cycle phase, aggregation of the costs): cost el p flow q lifecycle phase n process i LCC amount q i lifecycle phase1 process 1 costs p cost el 1...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... Trang 14 Effects into Life Cycle Costing Bengt Steen, Holger Hoppe, David Hunkeler, Kerstin Lichtenvort, Wulf-Peter Schmidt, ... labor hours) For product-related LCC studies, all these social impacts have to be related to the direct and indirect impacts of a product itself and its life cycle This might be quite straightforward ... approach that needs to be carefully judged before and when used Any person responsible for life cycle costing, in each of its 3 forms, must there-fore be careful when acting on the basis of monetary...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... the life cycle This is summarized in the table below Source: Real case study (consumer perspective from Rüdenauer and Grieß-hammer 2004) with hypothetical extensions (whole life cycle) GWP vs life ... Trang 15 Life Cycle Management Thomas Swarr and David Hunkeler Summary The integration of life cycle costing into existing management practices is dis-cussed ... portfolio herein is termed “relative life cycle portfolio” so that it is not confused with the concept of Saling et al (2002) In the future, such relative life cycle portfolios should be extended...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... the survey. Duration of Life Cycle in Case Studies (years) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 FIGURE 6.5 Duration of life cycle in the case studies (x-axis: individual case studies). © 2008 by the ... Current Life Cycle Costing Studies 105 6. 5.5.3 Duration of Life Cycle Considered and Duration of Study by the Type of LCC The duration of a life cycle, as considered in the studies, ... discount rate * Life cycle duration for steady-state... Societal LCC Environmental LCC FIGURE 6. 17 Duration of life cycle in the case studies (X-axis: individual case studies) © 2008...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... conventional studies carried out prac-TABLE 7.1 Characterization of the life cycle costing case studies evaluated Sector of activity Case studies evaluated Geographical region Type of life cycle costing ... 14040/44 (2006) defined for LCA Trang 4Summary of life cycle costing case studiesCase study Life cycle cost (€ per unit) Selling price (€ per unit) Life cycle assessment principal impacts Type of LCC ... USEDThe tools that were applied in this case study were life cycle assessment ogy according to ISO 14040/44 (2006), life cycle inventory–based life cycle costing according to Rebitzer (2005; see...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... of life cycle costing. includ-environmental LCC: An assessment of all costs associated with the life cycle of a product that are directly covered by any one or more of the actors in the uct life ... group on Life Cycle Costing MOTIVATION For performing LCC studies, numerous goal and scope settings are possible that shall, ideally, be reflected in the approach and methods used in the studies. ... accompanied by a life cycle assessment and is a consistent pillar of sustainability. prod-EoL processes: End-of-life processes comprise all processes after the use phase in the life cycle of a product;...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... Impacts of Environmental Toxicants on Living Systems Ming-Ho Yu Huxley College of Environmental Studies Western Washington University Bellingham, Washington ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY Trang 3This ... 3:21 PM Trang 6About the AuthorMing-Ho Yu is Professor Emeritus at Huxley College of Environmental Studies, Western Washington University in Bellingham, Washington, where he taught envi-ronmental ... Visiting Assistant Professor, Dr Yu assisted the first dean of Huxley College of Environmental Studies within Western Washington University in devel-oping the initial program of the college Dr...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... Page 111 Thursday, May 18, 2000 10:32 AM Trang 2112 ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGYEvidence from recent studies strongly suggests the importance of the primary urban aerosols It is considered that, although ... TOXICOLOGYIn addition to the widely recognized occupational health effects of PM, numerous epidemiological studies have confirmed that total suspended particles (TSP) present in urban areas, especially those ... The toxicity of Be disease in humans was described in the U.S in the 1940s, when more than 500 cases were reported Acute disease occurred in Ohio among Be extraction and production workers, while...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... past several decades, numerous field and laboratory studies have been conducted on the phytotoxicity of F throughout the world. An interesting case study is presented here to serve as an example. ... areas after their permanent teeth have erupted. 15 Recent studies indicate a widespread chronic effect of environmental fluoride on wildlife. Fluoride contamination of vegetation has arisen from ... field studies show that F contamination of vegetation in recent years has decreased significantly, with concomitant decreases in F levels in dental and skeletal samples from wild animals. Studies...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... levels in the bloodstream.Lead is accumulated over a lifetime and released very slowly In single-exposurestudies with adults, Pb has a half-life in blood of approximately 25 days; in softtissue, ... paint has resulted in soil contamination also In addition, Pbhas been used in insecticides Earlier studies show that about 50% of the Pb emittedfrom motor vehicles in the U.S was deposited within ... LA4154/frame/C12 Page 153 Thursday, May 18, 2000 11:34 AM Trang 4154 ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGYHowever, recent studies show that the levels of Pb in such vegetation have decreasedsignificantly following the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... have been found in other studies involving workers employed at PH manufacturing plants. In the early studies, the degree of TCDD contamination was often unknown. In later studies, exposure is primarily ... contained 8 to 30 ppb aldicarb, 32% contained 31 to 75 ppb, and 16% more than 75 ppb. Studies did not reveal any cases of carbamate poisoning, however. 5 Another episode occurred in four western ... hormones, apparently due to pesticide residues. Field and laboratory studies have shown similar effects of a number of toxicants on wildlife. Observed effects include: (a) feminization of male alligators...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... Initiators can also producetransformed cells that may persist for the life-span of an individual without producingcancer In such cases, the damaged gene in the transformed cells remains recessivebecause ... factors can lead to cancer Table 15.1 gives an estimate of the contribution of various agents or lifestyles to the cause of cancers It is notable that diet andsmoking account for approximately ... gradual; moreover, some of the earlier steps are reversible In the promotion stage, abnormal proliferation of the affected cell occurs, presumablybecause of a high concentration of growth factors...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... efficiency 29 Life Cycle Costing 32 2.2.1 Background 32 2.2.2 Definitions of life cycle cost and life cycle costing 33 2.2.3 Life cycle cost analysis and procedure 34 2.2.4 Data for life cycle costing ... Figure 2.9 Breakdown of life cycle costs of ownership of a constructed asset 34 Figure 2.10 Harvey’s life cycle costing procedure 35 Figure 3.1 Framework of cleanroom life cycle cost 54 Figure 3.2 ... estimation model for a cleanroom project from the view of its whole lifespan, i.e., a life cycle cost model It is hypothesized that the life cycle cost of a cleanroom depends on certain design parameters...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2015, 17:33

... vòng đời sản phẩm (Life Cycle Costing) Trong bài hôm nay, chúng ta sẽ tìm hiểu thêm một phương pháp quản trị chỉ phí khác, đó là mồ hình chi phí vòng đời sản phẩm (Life cycle costing) I Vong doi ... 20-year life What is the life-cycle cost per gigawatt of the nuclear station (to the nearest $'000) A $54,000 B $73,000 Trang 13C $87,000 D $107,000 Giai:O0 Note: Bai todn nay chi yéu cM tinh life cycle ... cố định tử năm I đến năm 3 Lần lượt là $700,000; $500,000 va $300,000 = Total life cycle cost = $10,190,000 = Life cycle cost per unit = $10,190,000 / 200,000 = $50.95 Chi phi dé tạo ra mỗi sản...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2025, 21:02

... Trang 2Case Studies of Organisational ChangeTrang 3Work–Life Integration Case Studies of Organisational ChangeSuzan LewisManchester Metropolitan ... Suzan. Work-life integration : case studies of organizational change / Suzan Lewis and Cary L Cooper p cm. ISBN 0-470-85344-1 (hbk) – ISBN 0-470-85343-3 (pbk) 1 Work and family – Case studies 2 ... 1990) Work– Trang 21personal life integration issues are a significant part of the context thathas to be taken into account in creating this learning.WHY CASE STUDIES? Case studies can be a useful...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2017, 11:05

... environmental and financial life cycle perspective Nomenclature LCA Life Cycle Assessment LCC Life Cycle Costing EDD Equivalent Degree Day 2 Methodology The assessment of the life cycle environmental ... shown in Fig 2 (life cycle environmental external cost) and Fig 3 (life cycle financial cost) Fig 2 first of all shows that the operational energy is causing nearly 60% of the life cycle e nvironmental ... ‘open-renovation-systems’ for extending residential buildings Based on an existing LCA (life cycle assessment) and LCC (life cycle costing) methodology, two methodological issues in evaluating renovation interventions...

Ngày tải lên: 24/11/2022, 17:42

... GAAP/IFRSconvergence are rarely implemented on schedule, this book covers bothaccounting standards, presenting case studies of companies using the USGAAP as well as IFRS The book focuses primarily on US-based ... creditworthiness In other cases of accounting fraud, company management used profitmanagement techniques Profits were declared before the actual transactiontook place, or, as in the case of Enron, long-term ... overhead expenses as well as additional material and labour costs in case the goods have beentransformed internally In the case of our lemonade stand, for example, thelemons sold to the first...

Ngày tải lên: 17/07/2024, 10:03