installation of computer hardware

... 1CHAPTER 1:Computer Systems The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2Typical Computer ... engine (mechanical computer) fundamental concepts of programming Trang 17Modern Computer Development First electronic computer using relays  First fully electronic digital computer Used vacuum ... communication channel  Modem or network interface card (NIC)  Software Trang 13Computer SystemsAll computer systems, no matter how complex, consists of the following:  At least one CPU  Memory to hold

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2Why Binary? Early computer design ... processing (1945)  Simplified computer design  Used for both instructions and data  Natural relationship between on/off switches and calculation using Boolean logic On Off True False Yes No Trang ... 4Keeping Track of the Bits Bits commonly stored and manipulated in groups  8 bits = 1 byte  4 bytes = 1 word (in many systems)  Number of bits used in calculations  Affects accuracy of results

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2represented, stored and processed by a computerTrang ... Microsoft Windows environment: pixel colors stored independent of output device  Windows Paintbrush software Trang 28Object Imagesspreadsheet data graphs colors create the graphic  number of ... RealVideo, WMV Trang 5Internal Data Representation Reflects the  Complexity of input source  Type of processing required  Trade-offs  Accuracy and resolution  Simple photo vs painting in an art book

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... rows of 800 pixels with 1 byte for each of 3 colors ~1.5MB file  Resolution (the number of pixels per inch)  Amount of detail affecting clarity and sharpness of an image  Levels: number of bits ... Formats The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2computer- Define the different ... HTML, XML Trang 5Internal Data Representation Reflects the  Complexity of input source  Type of processing required  Trade-offs  Accuracy and resolution  Simple photo vs painting in an art book

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Trang 1CHAPTER 4:Representing Integer Data The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John ... implement in hardware  Must test for 2 values of 0  Useful with BCD  Order of signed number and carry/borrow makes a difference 2 - 4 -2 12 - 4 8 Trang 11Complementary Representation Sign of the ... Necessary to specify number of digits or word size  Example: representation of 3-digit number  Conversion to sign-and-magnitude number for 9’s complement Trang 15Choice of Representation Must

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2Floating Point Numbers Real numbers  Used in computer ... Sign (“+” in example) 2 Magnitude or mantissa (12345) 3 Sign of the exponent (“+” in 10 5 ) 4 Magnitude of the exponent (5)  Plus 5 Base of the exponent (10)  12345  12345 x 10 0  0.12345 x 10 ... Predefined format, usually in 8 bits exponent) traded for decreased precision (two digits of mantissa) Sign of the mantissa Trang 6mantissa Trang 7Overflow and Underflowsmall for representation Trang

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Man Computer The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2The Little Man ComputerTrang ... 2 NumbersMailbox Code Instruction Description Trang 20Find Positive Difference of 2 NumbersTrang 22Fetch Portion ofFetch and Execute Cycle 1 Little Man reads the address from the location counter ... language instruction  Mnemonics (short character sequence) represent instructions control over hardware, e.g., device drivers Trang 9LMC Input/OutputIN OUT Trang 10Internal Data MovementTrang

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Trang 1CHAPTER 7:The CPU and Memory The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John ... Use of Registers  Scratchpad for currently executing program  Holds data needed quickly or frequently  Stores information about status of CPU and currently executing program  Address of next ... Number of bits in the MAR  LMC = 100 (00 to 99)  2 K where K = width of the register in bits 2 Size of the address portion of the instruction  4 bits allows 16 locations  8 bits allows 256 locations

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... 1Chapter 8CPU and Memory: Design, Implementation, and Enhancement The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley ... cycle in ½ of a billionth of a second  70ns DRAM = 1 access in 70 millionth of a second  Methods to improvement memory accesses  Wide Path Memory Access  Retrieve multiple bytes instead of 1 byte ... time of about 10 milliseconds  2Ghz CPU waiting 10 milliseconds wastes 20 million clock cycles! Trang 20 Unit of transfer between storage and cache memory Hit Ratio: ratio of hits out of total

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Trang 1Chapter 9: Input/OutputThe Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John ... operation, hardware error  Software interrupts Trang 19Multiple Interrupts Identifying devices  Polling (checking for input in rotation)  Vectored interrupts (include address of interrupting ... lines (hardware)  Interrupt request  Interrupt handlers  Program that services the interrupt  Also known as an interrupt routine  Process Control Block (PCB)  Located in a part of memory

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Trang 1Chapter 10Computer Peripherals The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, ... on all platters  Block – small arc of a track  Sector – pie-shaped part of a platter  Head – reads data off the disk  Head crash  Parked heads  Number of bits on each track is the same! ...  Access time: average time it takes a computer to locate data and read it  Data transfer rate: amount of data that moves per second Trang 5Hierarchy of StorageCPU Registers Cache Memory (SRAM)

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Trang 1Chapter 11Modern Computer Systems, Clusters, and Networks The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd ... 2Basic Personal Computer SystemTrang 3Mainframe Computer SystemTrang 4Major PC System ComponentsTrang 5System Performance Improvements Trang 6 Increase the processing power of a system  Parallel ... Trang 14Cluster ModelsTrang 16Blade and Rack of Beowulf ClusterTrang 17Computer Interconnection Communication channel – pathway for data movement between computers Trang 18Example: Point-to-PointTrang

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

... Trang 1Chapter 12Three System Examples The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John ... that can be interfaced with standard buses of other personal computers  Permits system components, bus adapters, and devices developed for other computers to be used with the PowerPC processor ... Architecture is compatible for every model of the zSeries  24-bit, 31-bit, and 64-bit addressing  16 address space registers permits access to one of fifteen 16EByte spaces  Present and previous

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

... Overview The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2Bare Bones Computer System Does ... computer on the network Trang 8Simplified Diagram of Operating System Services Trang 10Hardware and the OS A hardware platform may support a variety of  Provides program and file portability  ... Security Secondary storage management  Optimizes completion of I/O tasks for efficient disk usage  Combination of hardware and software  Security and protection services  Protect OS from

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

... Trang 1Chapter 14The User View of Operating Systems The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, ... Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2 Chapter 14User View of Operating Systems 14-2 User Interface  Help the user use the computer system productively  Provide consistent user interface ... application programs to lower learning curves and increase productivity  Choice of user interface depends on the kind of user  Writing programs vs running applications Trang 3User Functions Program

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

... Trang 1Chapter 15 – Part 1The Internal Operating System The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John ... amount of memory by using far less expensive hard disk space  Provides for process separation Trang 20 Chapter 15The Internal Operating System – Part 1 15.1-20 Frames and Pages Amount # of bits ... faults affect system performance Trang 27Virtual Memory TradeoffsDisadvantages  SWAP file takes up space on disk  Paging takes up resources of the CPU Advantages  Programs share memory space  More

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

...  Collection of independent computers that appear to the users of the systems as a single computer  Client-Server system  Control is centralized in the server computer  Client computers have ... to meet requirements of the media Trang 3Packet Header Also known as the preamble  Contains  Description of the packet  Destination address of receiver  Source address of sender  Information ... Trang 1Chapter 15 – Part 2 Networks The Internal Operating System The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

... Trang 1Chapter 16 File Management The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John ... Operations Open a file  Read a number of bytes from file  Write a number of bytes to a file  Move the file pointer forward or backward  Move file pointer to beginning of a file  Close a file Trang ... Majority of all files  Program source and binary files  Random Access  Assumes file is made up of fixed length logical records  Hashing is a common method used to calculate the location of an

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

... Trang 1Chapter 17Programming Tools The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John ... analyzes code in order to  Reduce amount of code  Eliminate repeated operations  Reorganize parts of of the program to execute faster and more efficiently  Use computer resources more effectively ... Compilation ProcessTrang 20Process of Parsing Lexical analysis  Also known as scanning  Divides the string of input characters into single elements, tokens, based on strict computer punctuation Trang

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

... Trang 1Chapter 18Three Operating Systems The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John ...  Control of all service requests and interprocess activities  Windowing and Graphics System  Manages Windows graphics  Provides Windows screen interface tools Trang 10Overview of Windows ... 18General Organization of a UNIX System Trang 20Virtual Address Space for a Process Trang 21IBM zSeries z/OSTrang 22Design Goalsavailability providing support for execution of batch programs Trang

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24