food packaging materials barrier properties and selection

... "Microstructures, Processing, and Properties of Steels" in this Volume and in Metallography and Microstructures, Volume 9 of ASM Handbook, formerly 9th Edition Metals Handbook Chemical Analysis ... into standard specifications Standard ranges and limits of heat analyses of carbon and alloy steels are given in Tables 1, 2, 3, and 4 Table 1 Carbon steel cast or heat chemical limits and ranges ... Testing and Materials 5 The Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel, 10th ed., United States Steel Corporation, 1985 6 "Carbon and Alloy Steels," SAE J411, 1989 SAE Handbook, Vol 1, Materials,

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... Science and Engineering, 1989 SAE Handbook, Materials, 1989 SAE Handbook, Materials, 1989 SAE Handbook, Materials, 1989 SAE Handbook, Materials, International Metallic Materials Cross-Reference, Stahlschlüssel ... 34DIN standardsJIS standards Trang 35British standardsAFNOR standards Trang 36UNI standardsSwedish standards References cited in this section Annual Statistical Report, International Metallic Materials ... (Key to Steel), References 1989 SAE Handbook, Materials, Trang 37The Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel,1989 SAE Handbook, Materials, Steels Heat Treatment and Processing Principals, The Physical

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... ground, and polished rounds; and turned, ground, and polished rounds From the data in Tables 2, 3, and 4, certain generalizations can be stated The tolerances for cold-drawn and for turned and polished ... commercial drafts of 0.8 and 1.6 mm ( 1 32 and 1 16in.) and with heavy drafts of 3.2 and 4.8 mm (1 8 and 3 16in.) are shown in Fig 3 Normal reductions seldom exceed 20% and are usually less than ... tonnage production and are widely used in the mass production of machined and other parts They have attractive combinations of mechanical and dimensional properties Turned and polished bars have

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... life concern, all bolts and screws greater than grade 1 and less than 19 mm (3 4 in.) in diameter and 150 mm (6 in.) in length are to be roll threaded Studs and larger bolts and screws may have the ... springs made from chromium-silicon steel (a and b), oil-tempered wire (c and d), and hard-drawn spring wire (e and f) The graphs on the left (a, c, and e) plot maximum allowable stress for 10 ... effective lubricant may result in a loose joint With proper selection of materials, proper design of bolt-and-nut bearing surfaces, and the use of locking devices, the assumption is that the initial

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... mechanical properties, with some restrictions on chemical composition Tables 1 and 2 list the requirements given in various specifications of the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) and ... These properties are, of course, a function of alloy content, heat treatment, and section size Figure 15 shows the wide range of properties obtainable through changes in carbon and alloy content and ... mechanical properties Castings for electrical or magnetic equipment are usually fully annealed because this improves the electrical and magnetic properties An increase in mechanical properties

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... formability, and some understanding of them is essential to the understanding of sheet steel formability Sheet metal forming methods are described in detail in Forming and Forging, Volume 14 of ASM Handbook ... article discusses the mechanical properties and formability of steel sheet, the use of circle grid analysis to identify the properties of complicated shapes, and various simulative forming tests ... rolling direction Typical mechanical properties for common grades of hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel sheets are given in Tables 1 and 2 Table 1 Typical mechanical properties of hot-rolled steel sheet

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... Mechanical Properties of Steel, Iron and Steel Institute, 1971, p 95-100 71 T.J Baker and R Johnson, Overheating and Fracture Toughness, J Iron Steel Inst., Vol 211, Nov 1973, p 74 R.C Andrew and ... end of rolling) and cooling rate for hot-rolled and aged material (Fig 15a) and for annealed and aged material (Fig Trang 2715b and 15c) In general, vermiculite cooling (slow) and a high finishing ... copper and tin that enhances embrittlement (Ref 54) An examination of longitudinal cracks in medium- and high-carbon steels found that cracking occurred between 700 and 500 °C (1290 and 930 °F) and

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... arbors, cams, chucks, and collets, and for other special applications requiring good strength and toughness Nominal mechanical properties of annealed and hardened-and-tempered L2 and L6 steels are ... mechanical properties of S1, S5, and S7, in both annealed and hardened and tempered conditions, are presented in Table 7 Table 7 Nominal room-temperature mechanical properties of group L and group ... manganese, silicon, and chromium contents of SAE standard and commercial grades should not exceed 0.75% Generally, both manganese and silicon are limited to 0.35% maximum in all standard and commercial

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... in equipment for handling and processing earthen materials (such as rock crushers, grinding mills, dredge buckets, power shovel buckets and teeth, and pumps for handling gravel and rocks) Other ... porosity and much better elongation, toughness, and dynamic properties than conventionally pressed and sintered materials Such parts are limited to section sizes of 9.5 to 13 mm (0.375 to 0.5 in.) and ... deformation, and their mechanical properties have been shown to be relatively isotropic The mechanical properties of P/F materials are usually intermediate to the transverse and longitudinal properties

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... HighStrength Aircraft and Missile Materials, STP 287, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1961 23 H.M Ledbetter, W.F Weston, and E.R Naimon, Low-Temperature Elastic Properties of Four ... and Materials, 1961, p 17 0-1 93 14 J.H Bolton, L.L Godby, and B.L Taft, Materials for Use at Liquid Hydrogen Temperature, in LowTemperature Properties of High-Strength Aircraft and ... Watson and J.L Christian, Low Temperature Properties of Cold-Rolled AISI Types 301, 302, 304ELC, and 310 Stainless Steel Sheet, in Low-Temperature Properties of High-Strength Aircraft and.

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... produced with select materials, foundry revert, and/or lower-quality elemental raw materials Aerospace quality materials may also be produced with select, revert, and/or virgin materials However, ... alloys Creep and rupture properties of a given superalloy composition are maximized by the casting and heat-treatment processes Ductility and fatigue properties of polycrystalline materials are ... cleanliness and gas and tramp element content, is greater Premium grades are produced for blade/vane airfoil, wheel, and structural-part applications using top-quality raw materials and sophisticated

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... 278-283 575 J.-M Fournier and R Troc, Bulk Properties of the Actinides, Chapter 2 in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of the Actinides, A.J Freeman and G.H Lander, Ed., Elsevier, 1985 ... ignited and will burn white hot Finely divided scandium should not be handled in air Ingots of pure scandium can be stored in air Structure Crystal structure... Properties Unknown Magnetic Properties ... such as sulfur and oxygen, and to strengthen magnesium. It is also used as a glass-and ceramic-coloring agent, and in petroleum cracking-coloring catalysts, carbon arc lights, and PrCo 5 permanent

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 07:23

... extrusions, bars, rods, wire, shapes, and rivets Mechanical Properties Tensile properties. See Tables 20 and 21 Table 20 Typical room-temperature mechanical properties of 2017 Temper condition ... mm (1.5 to 6.0 in.) for aircraft structures Mechanical Properties Tensile properties. See Tables 27 and 28 Table 27 Typical tensile properties of alloy 2124-T851 Tensile strength Yield strength ... P-AlCu4.5MgMn placc Spain: UNE L-314 Germany: DIN AlCuMg2 Trang 15Tensile properties. See Tables 23, 24, and 25 Table 23 Typical tensile properties of alloy 2024 Temperature Tensile strength Yield strength

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 07:23

... melting, molten metal handling, dross handling and disposition, and welding of alloys Standard define the maximum beryllium in welding rod and weld base metal as 0.008 and 0.010%, respectively ... casting, permanent mold casting, sand casting (green sand and dry sand), plaster casting, and investment casting Aluminum also in continuous cast Each of these processes, and the castings produced by ... various agents can be used for bonding the sand The agent most often used is a mixture of clay and water (Sand bonded with clay and water is called green sand) Sand bonded with oils or resins, which

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 07:23

... be found in Packaging, Volume 1 of the Electronic Materials Handbook published by ASM INTERNATIONAL Properties and applications of wrought copper alloys are presented in Tables 1 and 2 Similar ... properties and applications of both wrought and cast copper alloys is presented in the articles that follow in this Section Table 1 Properties of wrought copper and copper alloys Mechanical properties ... bodies and components C65100 (low-silicon bronze, B) Excellent hot and cold workability Fabricated by forming and bending, heading and upsetting, hot forging and pressing, roll threading and

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 07:23

... heading and upsetting, hot forging and pressing, piercing and punching, roll threading and knurling, shearing, spinning, squeezing, and stamping Weldability. Joining by soldering, brazing, and gas ... to dezincification and stress-corrosion cracking under certain conditions Mechanical Properties Tensile properties. See Table 58 and Fig 34 and 35 Table 58 Typical mechanical properties of C28000 ... °F) for 37% reduction and 0.050 mm (0.002 in.) initial grain size See Fig 23 Mechanical Properties Tensile properties. See Table 52 and Fig 24 Table 52 Typical mechanical properties of C22600

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 07:23

... systems in food packaging Apart from food cans as a useful food packaging material, paperboard packaging is also commonly used in the market to contain beverages, frozen food, cereals and other food ... quickly, and provide less barrier properties Metal food cans, first developed hundred and fifty years ago [3], is an excellent form of food packaging material as the material offers excellent barrier ... used in food packaging The paper billboards the product, and makes aseptic paperboard packaging possible when laminated with plastic These food packaging materials are also microwaveable, and may...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:39

... sandpaper The chief types of abrasive sand include sandblast sand, glass-grinding sand, and stone-cutting sand Sand for stone sawing and for marble and glass grinding is usually ungraded, with no ... website Materials, Their Properties and Uses 10 ACETYLENE reaction, is used in cosmetics, and in preparing foodstuff emulsions, plasticizers, and alkyd resins It is soluble in water and in alcohol ... ABRASIVE SAND Any sand used for abrasive and grinding purposes, but the term does not include the sharp grains obtained by crushing quartz and used for sandpaper The chief types of abrasive sand include...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 09:20

... al / Materials Science and Engineering R 52 (2006) 49–91 building blocks with precisely controlled size and composition, and assemble them into larger structures with unique properties and functions’’ ... exhibit unique physical properties due to it size and structure anisotropy These properties have been exploited to design and develop various electronic, optoelectronic and mechanical devices ... Comparative structure and optical properties of Ga-, In-, and Sn-doped ZnO nanowires synthesized via thermal evaporation, J Phys Chem B 109 (2005) 2526 85 86 J.G Lu et al / Materials Science and Engineering...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:06

... Nanostructured Materials: State of the Art and Perspectives, NanoStructured Materials, 6:3 (1995) Edelstein, A S., and Cammarata, R C., (eds.), Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, and Appplications, ... PROCESSES AND TECHNIQUES, Second Edition: edited by Krishna Seshan HANDBOOK OF VACUUM ARC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: edited by Raymond L Boxman, Philip J Martin, and David M Sanders HANDBOOK OF ... MATERIALS: edited by Carl C Koch SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS AND PROCESS TECHNOLOGY HANDBOOK: edited by Gary E McGuire ULTRA-FINE PARTICLES: edited by Chikara Hayashi, R Ueda and A Tasaki WIDE BANDGAP...

Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2014, 14:58