Handbook Properties and Selection Nonferrous Alloys and Spl Purpose Mtls (1992) WW Part 5 docx

a At 108 cycles as determined by the rotating-beam test b At 0.5% extension under load Table 44 Typical room-temperature and low-temperature cryogenic properties of C19400 Tensile stre

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H55 (15%) 400 58 380 55 9 61 60

(a) At 108 cycles as determined by the rotating-beam test

(b) At 0.5% extension under load

Table 44 Typical room-temperature and low-temperature (cryogenic) properties of C19400

Tensile strength Yield strength

at 0.2% offset Temper

MPa ksi MPa ksi

Table 45 Typical elevated-temperature properties of annealed C19400 strip

Test temperature Tensile strength, min Yield strength

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(a) Stress causing secondary creep of 0.01% per 1000 h in a 10,000-h test

(b) Stress causing rupture in 100,000 h (extrapolated from 10,000 h)

Table 46 Annealing response of C19400 strip

Annealing temperature Tensile strength Yield strength at

Trang 4

(a) Conductivity may be restored to about 70% IACS by holding at 500 °C (925 °F) for 1 h

Hardness. See Table 43

Elastic modulus. Tension, 121 GPa (17.5 × 106 psi);

shear, 45.5 GPa (6.6 × 106 psi)

Charpy impact strength. Plate, O61 temper: longitudinal,

144 J (106 ft · lbf) at -196 °C (-320 °F); transverse, 99 J

(73 ft · lbf) at -196 °C (-320 °F)

Fatigue strength. See Table 43

Creep and stress-rupture properties. See Table 45

Electrical conductivity. Volumetric, at 20 °C (68 °F) O60

temper: 40% IACS nominal H14 temper: 50% IACS

min All other tempers: 65% IACS nominal, 60% IACS min In O50, O80, and H02 tempers, 75% IACS min conductivity may be available depending on mill processing restrictions

Electrical resistivity. At 20 °C (68 °F) O60 temper: 43.1

nΩ · m nominal H14 temper: 34.5 nΩ · m max All other tempers: 26.6 nΩ · m nominal; may be only 23.0

nΩ · m max under certain circumstances

Machinability. 20% of C36000 (free-cutting brass)

Formability. Suited to forming by blanking, coining, coppersmithing, drawing, bending, heading and upsetting, hot forging and pressing, piercing and punching, roll threading and knurling, shearing, spinning, squeezing, and stamping

Weldability. Joining by soldering, brazing, and gas tungsten arc welding: excellent

Annealing temperature. See Table 46

Mechanical Properties

Tensile properties. See Table 47

Table 47 Typical mechanical properties of C19500

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Tensile strength Yield strength

at 0.2% offset Temper

MPa ksi MPa ksi

Elastic modulus. Tension, 119 GPa (17.3 × 106 psi)

Formability. Suited to forming by bending, coining, drawing, and stamping

Table 48 Nominal mechanical properties of C19520 strip

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Elastic modulus. 117 GPa (17 × 106 psi)

Composition limits. 0.3 to 1.2 Fe, 0.1 to 0.4 P, 0.01 to 0.2

Mg, 0.2 max each Sn and Zn, 0.05 max each Co, Mn,

Ni, and Pb, 99.8 min Cu + named elements

Applications

Typical uses. Electrical and electronic connectors, circuit breaker components, fuse clips, cable shielding, and lead frames, Generally suited to applications requiring excellent formability combined with high strength and conductivity

Table 49 Nominal mechanical properties of C19700 strip

Tensile

strength

Yield strength Temper

MPa ksi MPa ksi

Elongation

in 50 mm (2 in.), %

Hardness, HRB

H02 380 55 315 46 10 68

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H04 450 65 415 60 6 70

H06 480 70 470 68 3 73

H08 500 73 490 71 2 75

Elastic Modulus. 121 GPa (17.5 × 106 psi)

Formability. Excellent capacity for both cold and hot forming

Weldability. Soldering and brazing: excellent

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Fig 21 Variation of properties with zinc content for wrought copper-zinc alloys

Applications

Typical uses. Coins, medals, tokens, bullet jackets,

firing-pin supports, shells, fuse caps and primers, emblems,

jewelry plaques, base for gold plate, base for vitreous

enamel

Tensile properties. See Table 50 and Fig 22

Tensile strength Yield strength (a) Hardness Shear strength Temper

MPa ksi MPa ksi

Elongation in

50 mm (2 in.), %

HRB HR30T MPa ksi

OS050 anneal (0.050 mm grain size) 235 34 69 10 45 46 HRF

OS035 anneal (0.035 mm grain size) 240 35 76 11 45 52 HRF 4 195 28

OS015 anneal (0.015 mm grain size) 260 38 97 14 42 60 HRF 15 205 30

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Note: Values for flat products 1 mm (0.04 in.) thick

(a) At 0.5% extension under load

Fig 22 Variation of tensile strength with annealing temperature for C21000 Data are for 1 mm (0.04 in.) thick ready-to-finish strip that was

cold rolled 50% then annealed 1 h at the indicated temperature Recrystallization temperature, 370 °C (700 °F) for initial grain sizes of 0.015

to 0.070 mm

Shear strength. See Table 50

Elastic modulus. Tension, 115 GPa (17 × 106 psi); shear,

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Specific heat. 380 J/kg · K (0.09 Btu/lb · °F) at 20 °C (68

Electrical resistivity. 31 nΩ · m at 20 °C (68 °F), annealed;

temperature coefficient, 0.0231 nΩ · m per K at 20 °C

Recrystallization temperature. 370 °C (700 °F) for 50% reduction and 0.015 to 0.070 mm initial grain size See Fig 22

ASTM. Rolled bar, plate, and sheet: B 36 Strip: B 36

and B 130 Cups, bullet jacket: B 131 Tube, rectangular

waveguide: B 372 Seamless tube: B 135 Wire: B 134

SAE. Rolled bar, plate, sheet, strip, and seamless tube:

J463 (CA220)

Government. Wire: QQ-W-321; MIL-W-6712 Bands,

projectile rotating: MIL-B-18907 Blanks, rotating band

for projectiles: B-20292 Cups, bullet jacket:

MIL-C-3383 Sheet and strip: MIL-C-21768 Tube,

rectangular waveguide: MIL-W-85 Seamless tube for

microwave use: MIL-T-52069

Tensile

strength

Yield strength (a)

Hardness Shear strength Temper

MPa ksi MPa ksi

Elongation in

50 mm (2 in.), %

HRF HR30T MPa ksi Flat products, 1 mm (0.040 in.) thick

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Fig 23 Variation of tensile strength and grain size with annealing temperature for C22000 Data are for rod less than 25 mm (1 in.) in

diameter that was cold drawn to a 37% reduction in area and then annealed 1 h at the indicated temperature Grain size before annealing was 0.050 mm

44 GPa (6.4 × 106 psi)

Fatigue strength. Spring temper flat product 1.0 mm (0.40 in.) thick: 145 MPa (21 ksi) at 15 × 106 cycles; hard wire

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2.0 mm (0.080 in.) in diameter: 160 MPa (23 ksi) at 10

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic susceptibility. -0.086 × 10-6 to -1.00 × 10-6 (cgs units)

Fabrication Characteristics

Recrystallization temperature. 370 °C (700 °F) for 37% reduction and 0.050 mm (0.002 in.) initial grain size See Fig 23

Tensile strength Yield

strength (a)

Shear strength Temper

MPa ksi MPa ksi

Elongation in

50 mm (2 in.), %

Hardness

MPa ksi

Trang 14

Flat products, 1 mm (0.04 in.) thick

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Recrystallization temperature. About 330 °C (625 °F) for

1 mm (0.04 in.) strip rolled six Brown and Sharpe

numbers hard from a 0.035 mm (0.001 in.) grain size

See also Fig 24

Previous trade name. Red brass, 85%; CA230

Common name. Red brass

Specifications

ASME. Pipe: SB43 Condenser tubing: SB111 Finned

tubing: SB359 U-bend tubing: SB395

ASTM. Plate, sheet, strip, hot-rolled bar: B 36 Pipe: B

43 Condenser tubing: B 111 Finned tubing: B 359 Seamless tubing: B 135 U-bend tubing: B 395 Wire: B

134

SAE. Sheet, strip, seamless tube: J463 (CA230)

Government. Bar, forgings, rod, shapes, strip: QQ-B-626 Plate, sheet, strip, hot-rolled bar: QQ-B-613 Pipe: WW-P-351 Seamless tubing: WW-T-791; MIL-T-20168 Wire: QQ-W-321

Fig 24 Annealing characteristics of C22600 Data are for jewelry

bronze strip with an initial grain size of 0.035 mm that was cold rolled

50% to a thickness of 1 mm (0.04 in.) and annealed 1 h at various

temperatures

Trang 16

Chemical Composition

Composition limits. 84.0 to 86.0 Cu, 0.06 Pb max, 0.05 Fe

max, bal Zn

Consequence of exceeding impurity limits. See general

statement for cartridge brass (C26000)

Effect of zinc on properties. See Fig 21

Applications

Typical uses. Architectural: etching parts, trim, weather strip Electrical: conduit, screw shells, sockets Hardware: eyelets, fasteners, fire extinguishers Industrial: condenser and heat exchanger tubes, flexible hose, pickling crates, pump lines, radiator cores Plumbing: plumbing pipe, J-bends, service lines, traps Miscellaneous: badges, compacts, costume jewelry, dials, etched articles, lipstick containers, nameplates, tags

Tensile

strength

MPa ksi MPa ksi

Elongation in

50 mm (2 in.), %

Trang 18

Impact strength. Izod: cast, 45 J (33 ft · lbf); cast and annealed, 43 J (32 ft · lbf) Charpy keyhole: annealed rod,

69 J (51 ft · lbf) See also Fig 26

Fig 26 Impact strength of C23000 Charpy keyhole specimens were machined from O61 temper material, then tested at the indicated

temperatures Impact strengths represent energy absorbed without fracture

44 GPa (6.4 × 106 psi)

Fatigue strength. Rod, H00 temper, 140 MPa (20 ksi) at

300 × 106 cycles

Creep-rupture characteristics. See Fig 27

Fig 25 Annealing characteristics of C23000 Data are for 1 mm (0.04

in.) thick red brass sheet, H06 temper, annealed 1 h at various

temperatures

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Fig 27 Minimum creep rates for C23000 wire Data are for red brass wire, 3.2 mm (0.125 in.) in diameter, that was cold drawn to size, then

tested in the as-drawn or annealed condition

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1 mm (0.04 in.) sheet rolled six Brown and Sharpe

numbers hard with a 50% reduction and 0.035 mm

(0.001 in.) initial grain size

Annealing temperature. 425 to 725 °C (800 to 1350 °F) See also Fig 25

Trade name. Low brass, 80%; CA240

Common name. Low brass

Specifications

ASTM. Flat products: B 36 Wire: B 134

SAE. Sheet, strip: J463 (CA240)

Government. Finished-edge bar and strip, forgings, rod,

shapes: 626 Rolled bar, plate, sheet, strip:

QQ-B-613 Wire: QQ-W-321 Brazing alloy wire: QQ-B-650

Tensile

strength

MPa ksi MPa ksi

Elongation in

50 mm (2 in.), %

Trang 22

Fig 28 Tensile strength and grain size versus annealing temperature for C24000, annealed from H02 temper Data are for low brass with an

initial grain size of 0.060 mm that was cold drawn 37% to a diameter of less than 25 mm (1 in.) and annealed 1 h at the indicated temperature

40 GPa (6 × 106 psi)

Fatigue strength. 1 mm (0.04 in.) thick strip, H08 temper:

165 MPa (24 ksi) at 20 × 106 cycles

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37% reduction and 0.060 mm initial grain size

Previous trade name. Cartridge brass, 70%; CA260

Common name. Cartridge brass, 70-30 brass, spinning

brass, spring brass, extra-quality brass

Specifications

AMS. Flat products: 4505, 4507 Tube: 4555

ASTM. Flat products: B 19, B 36, B 569 Cups for

cartridge cases: B 129 Tube: B 135, B 587 Wire: B 134

SAE. J463

Government. Flat products: QQ-B-613, QQ-B-626,

MIL-C-50 Rod, bar, shapes, forgings: QQ-B-626 Tube:

MIL-T-6945, MIL-T-20219 Wire: QQ-W-321,

QQ-B-650 Shim stock, laminated: MIL-S-22499 Cups for

cartridge cases: MIL-C-10375

Chemical Composition

Composition limits. 68.5 to 71.5 Cu, 0.07 Pb max, 0.05 Fe

max, 0.15 max other (total), bal Zn

Effect of zinc on properties. See Fig 21

Lead should be kept under 0.01% for hot rolling,

although additions of lead up to 4% improve

machinability in material processed by extrusion and

cold working Lead lowers room-temperature ductility in

brass and leads to hot shortness at temperatures above

315 °C (600 °F)

Aluminum at levels as high as 2% has no adverse effect

on hot or cold working However, annealing and grain

size are affected

Arsenic does not affect hot or cold working, but it tends

to refine the grain size, thereby lowering ductility

Cadmium. The effects of cadmium are not universally agreed upon; some claim as much as 0.10% has little effect, others maintain that it should be kept below 0.05%

Chromium affects temperature of anneal and grain size This condition is aggravated when iron is present

Iron chiefly affects annealing and magnetic properties

Nickel restrains grain growth

Phosphorus has no adverse effect up to 0.04%; it does, however, restrain grain growth, increase tensile strength, and lower ductility to some extent

Applications

Typical uses. Architectural: grillwork Automotive: radiator cores and tanks Electrical: bead chain flashlight shells, reflectors, lamp fixtures, socket shells, screw shells Hardware: eyelets, fasteners, pins, hinges, kickplates, locks, rivets, springs, stampings, tubes, etched articles Munitions: ammunition components, particularly cartridge cases Plumbing: accessories, fittings Industrial: pump and power cylinders, cylinder liners

Precautions in use. Highly susceptible season cracking in ammoniacal environments

Tensile properties. See Tables 55 and 56 and Fig 29, 30, and 31

Tensile strength Yield strength (a) Hardness Shear strength Fatigue strength (b)

Trang 24

Flat products, 1 mm (0.04 in.) thick

Trang 25

(b) Reverse bending, at 108 cycles

(c) Reverse bending, at 5 × 107 cycles

Table 56 Typical tensile properties of cold-rolled and annealed C26000 sheet

Tensile strength Direction in sheet

Trang 26

Fig 29 Tensile strength and grain size as a function of annealing temperature for C26000 rod Data are for cartridge brass rod less than 25

mm (1 in.) in diameter that was cold drawn 50% (from starting material having a grain size of 0.045 mm), then annealed 1 h at the indicated temperature

Trang 27

Fig 30 Low-temperature tensile properties of C26000 rod, O61 temper

Trang 28

Fig 31 Typical distribution of tensile properties and hardness for C26000 strip, H01 temper Data are for cartridge brass strip 0.5 to 1 mm

(0.020 to 0.040 in.) thick

Hardness. See Table 55 and Fig 31

Trang 29

40 GPa (6 × 106 psi)

Fatigue strength. See Table 55

Impact strength. Charpy V-notch: O61 temper 60 J (44 ft

· lbf); M20 temper, 19 J (14 ft · lbf); Izod: O61 temper,

89 J (66 ft · lbf) for notched round specimen

Creep-rupture properties. See Fig 32

Velocity of sound. 3660 m/s (12,000 ft/s) at 20 °C (68 °F)

Structure

Crystal structure. Face-centered cubic; lattice parameter, 0.3684 nm

Minimum interatomic distance. 0.2605 nm

Microstructure. Single-phase α usually with extensive patter

20 °C

Specific heat. 375 J/kg · K (0.09 Btu/lb · °F) at 20 °C (68 °F)

Thermal conductivity. 120 W/m · K (70 Btu/ft · h · °F) at 20

°C (68 °F)

Electrical Properties

Electrical conductivity. Volumetric, O61 temper, 28% IACS

at 20 °C (68 °F)

Electrical resistivity. O61 temper, 62 nΩ · m at 20 °C (68

°F), temperature coefficient, 0.092 nΩ · m per K at 20 °C (68 °F)

Hall coefficient. 25 pV · m/A · T

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Magnetic susceptibility. -8 × 10 to -16 × 10 (mks units);

susceptibility in α brasses decreases with increasing zinc

content

Chemical Properties

General corrosion behavior. Resists corrosion in a wide variety of waters and chemical solutions; may undergo dezincification in stagnant or slowly moving slat solutions, brackish water, or mildly acidic solutions Susceptible to stress-corrosion cracking (season cracking), especially in ammoniacal environments

Formability. Excellent for cold working and forming; fair for hot forming Directionality in brass is more readily developed with high zinc content, such as in C26000 and higher-zinc brasses Earing usually occurs 45° to the direction of rolling and is aggravated by heavy final reductions, low ready-to-finish annealing temperatures, and high finish annealing temperatures

Weldability. Soldering and brazing: excellent Oxyfuel gas, resistance spot, and resistance butt welding: good Gas metal arc welding: fair Other welding processes are not recommended

0.045 mm initial grain size and a cold reduction of 50%

Government. Flat products: QQ-B-613, Bar, rod,

forgings, shapes: QQ-B-626 Wire: QQ-W-321,

Table 57 Typical mechanical properties of C26800 and C27000

Fig 33 Damping capacity of annealed C26000

Trang 31

Tensile

strength

MPa ksi MPa ksi

Elongation in

50 mm (2 in.), %

Trang 32

35 GPa (5 × 106 psi)

Fatigue strength. Rotating beam tests At 108 cycles, for

strip 1 mm (0.04 in.) thick: OS070 temper, 83 MPa (12

ksi); H04 temper, 97 MPa (14 ksi); H08 temper, 140

Recrystallization temperature. About 290 °C (550 °F) for strip cold rolled 50% to 1 mm (0.04 in.) thickness and having an initial grain size of 0.035 mm

Trang 33

Maximum cold reduction between anneals. 90%

Previous trade name. Muntz metal, 60%; CA280

Common name. Muntz metal

Specifications

ASME. Condenser tubing: SB111

ASTM. Tubing: B 111, B 135

Government. Flat products: QQ-B-613 Bar, rod,

forgings, shapes: QQ-B-626 Seamless tubing:

Precautions in use. C28000 has poor cold-drawing and forming properties in comparison with those of higher-copper alloys, but it has excellent hot-working properties It is the strongest of the copper-zinc alloys but is less ductile than higher-copper alloys It is subject

to dezincification and stress-corrosion cracking under certain conditions

Tensile properties. See Table 58 and Fig 34 and 35

Tensile strength Yield strength (a) Shear strength

MPa ksi Flat products, 1 mm (0.04 in.) thick

Trang 34

H01 495 72 345 50 25 78 310 45

(a) 0.5% extension under load

Fig 34 Typical mechanical properties of extruded and drawn C28000 Data are for Muntz metal rod less than 25 mm (1 in.) in diameter that

was extruded and then cold drawn to various percentages of reduction in area

Trang 35

Fig 35 Annealing curves for C28000 Data are for Muntz metal rod less than 25 mm (1 in.) in diameter that was extruded, cold drawn 30%,

and annealed 1 h at various temperatures

Optical Properties

Color. Reddish compared to C26000 (70-30 cartridge brass) C28000 is used as a good match to the color of C23000 (85-15 red brass)

Forgeability. 90% of C37700 (forging brass)

Formability. Fair capacity for cold working; excellent capacity for hot forming

Weldability. Soldering or brazing: excellent Oxyfuel gas welding, resistance spot welding, or resistance butt welding: good Gas-shielded arc welding: fair

Annealing temperature. 425 to 600 °C (800 to 1100 °F) See also Fig 35

Trang 36

Composition limits. 87.5 to 90.5 Cu, 1.3 to 2.5 Pb, 0.10 Fe

max, 0.7 Ni max, 0.5 max other (total), bal Zn

Applications

Typical uses. Screws, screw machine parts, pickling racks

and fixtures, electrical plug-type connectors, builders'

hardware

Tensile properties. Rod, typical O61 temper: tensile

strength, 255 MPa (37 ksi); yield strength, 83 MPa (12

ksi) at 0.5% extension under load; elongation, 45% in 50

mm (2 in.); reduction in area, 70% H02 temper: tensile

strength, 360 MPa (52 ksi); yield strength, 310 MPa (45

ksi); elongation, 18%; reduction in area, 60%

Shear strength. Rod, typical: O61 temper, 165 MPa (24

ksi); H02 temper, 205 MPa (30 ksi)

Hardness. O61 temper, 55 HRF; H02 temper, 58 HRB;

Formability. Cold working, good; hot forming, poor

Weldability. Soldering: excellent Brazing: good Resistance butt welding: fair All other welding processes are not recommended

Trang 37

Mechanical Properties Tensile properties. See Table 59

strength (a)

Shear strength Temper

MPa ksi MPa ksi

Elongation in

50 mm (2 in.), %

Hardness, HRB

MPa ksi Drawn bar, 6 mm (0.25 in.) diameter

Elastic modulus. Tension, 115 GPa (17 × 106 psi)

Formability. Cold working: good Hot forming, poor

Annealing temperature. 425 to 650 °C (800 to 1200 °F)

Trang 38

C33000

66Cu-33.5Zn-0.5Pb

Commercial Names

Previous trade name. Low-leaded brass (tube)

Common name. High brass; yellow brass

Applications

Typical uses. General-purpose use where some degree of machinability is required together with moderate cold-working properties; for example, primers for munitions Plumbing: J-bends, pump lines, trap lines

Table 60 Typical mechanical properties of C33000 tubing

strength (a)

Hardness Temper

MPa ksi MPa ksi

Trang 39

Electrical conductivity. Volumetric, O61 temper, 26%

IACS at 20 °C (68 °F)

Electrical resistivity. 66 nΩ · m at 20 °C (68 °F)

Formability. Cold working, excellent; hot forming, poor

Weldability. Soldering: excellent Brazing: good Oxyfuel gas, gas-shielded arc, resistance spot, and resistance butt welding; fair All other welding processes are not recommended

Previous trade name. High-leaded brass (tube)

Common name. Free-cutting tube brass

Table 61 Typical mechanical properties of C33200 tubing

strength (a)

Hardness Temper

MPa ksi MPa ksi

Trang 40

Hardness. See Table 61 and Fig 36

Formability. Cold working, fair; hot forming, poor

ASTM. Flat products: B 121 Rod: B 453

Government. Flat products: QQ-B-613 Bar, forgings,

rod, shapes, strip: QQ-B-626

Temper Tensile Yield Elongation

in 50 mm

Hardness Shear strength Fig 36 Typical mechanical properties of cold drawn C33200 copper

alloy tubing

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