explain the architecture of real time operating systems

... GFS shared their creations with the rest of the world by documenting their work in the form of research papers 11, 12 These seminal publications gave the rest of the world insight into the inner ... this book is real: real examples, real applications, real data, and real code The best way to follow the flow of the book is to set up an environment, download the data, and run the applications ... every year The success of these services is underpinned by Big Data and increasingly, real-time analytics Real-time analytics enable practitioners to put their fingers on the pulse of consumers

Ngày tải lên: 17/04/2017, 15:21

... Systems The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2Typical Computer Ad Is the ... of which hold a value of either 0 or 1 (8 bits = 1 byte)  Holds both instructions and data of a computer program ( stored program concept ) Trang 11Software Component Operating System  API: ... channel  Modem or network interface card (NIC)  Software Trang 13Computer SystemsAll computer systems, no matter how complex, consists of the following:  At least one CPU  Memory to hold

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Fractions Move the number point one place to the right  Effect: multiplies the number by the base number  Move the number point one place to the left  Effect: divides the number by the base number ... Radix Base:  The number of different symbols required to represent any given number Trang 16Number of Symbols vs Number of Digits  For a given number, the larger the base  the more symbols ... Trang 1CHAPTER 2:Number Systems The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Format), HTML, XML Video Quicktime, MPEG-2, RealVideo, WMV Trang 5Internal Data Representation Reflects the  Complexity of input source  Type of processing required  Trade-offs  Accuracy and resolution ... Trang 1CHAPTER 3:Data Formats The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander ... Resolution (the number of pixels per inch)  Amount of detail affecting clarity and sharpness of an image gray or multiple colors  Palette: color translation table that uses a code for each pixel rather

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... rows of 800 pixels with 1 byte for each of 3 colors ~1.5MB file  Resolution (the number of pixels per inch)  Amount of detail affecting clarity and sharpness of an image  Levels: number of bits ... Formats The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2computer- Define the different ... images composed of graphical objects like lines and curves defined geometrically  Differences include:  Quality of the image  Storage space required  Time to transmit  Ease of modification

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Trang 1CHAPTER 4:Representing Integer Data The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander ... Must test for 2 values of 0  Useful with BCD  Order of signed number and carry/borrow makes a difference 2 - 4 -2 12 - 4 8 Trang 11Complementary Representation Sign of the number does not have ... Wraparound Wraparound scale used to extend the range for the negative result  Counting left would cross the modulus and give incorrect answer because there are 2 values for 0 (+0 and -0) Trang

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Numbers The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2Floating Point Numbers Real ... (“+” in example) 2 Magnitude or mantissa (12345) 3 Sign of the exponent (“+” in 10 5 ) 4 Magnitude of the exponent (5)  Plus 5 Base of the exponent (10)  12345  12345 x 10 0  0.12345 x 10 ... Numbers to Floating Point Format Function ConverToFloat(): //variables used: Real decimalin; //decimal number to be converted //components of the output Integer sign, exponent, integremantissa;

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... 1CHAPTER 6:The Little Man Computer The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2The Little ... Difference of 2 NumbersTrang 22Fetch Portion ofFetch and Execute Cycle 1 Little Man reads the address from the location counter 2 He walks over to the mailbox that corresponds to the location ... reads the number in that mailbox (he remembers to replace it in case he needs it later). Trang 25Execute, cont 3 He walks over to the calculator and punches the number in. 4 He walks over to the

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Transfer the address from the PC to the MAR 2 MDR -> IR Transfer the instruction to the IR 3 IR(address) -> MAR Address portion of the instruction loaded in MAR 4 A + MDR -> A Contents of ... Fetch/Execute Cycle 1 PC -> MAR Transfer the address from the PC to the MAR 2 MDR -> IR Transfer the instruction to the IR 3 IR(address) -> MAR Address portion of the instruction loaded in MAR 4 ... Trang 1CHAPTER 7:The CPU and Memory The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... and Enhancement The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2CPU Architecture Overview ... region of memory at any given time  Well-written program in small loop, procedure or function  Data likely in array  Variables stored together Trang 24Two-level Caches Why do the sizes of the ... access time of about 10 milliseconds  2Ghz CPU waiting 10 milliseconds wastes 20 million clock cycles! Trang 20 Unit of transfer between storage and cache memory Hit Ratio: ratio of hits out of

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Trang 1Chapter 9: Input/OutputThe Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander ... Notify that an external event has occurred  real-time or time-sensitive  Signal completion  printer ready or buffer full  Allocate CPU time  time sharing  Indicate abnormal event (CPU originates ... operating system  privileged instructions  To initiate DMA, programmed I/O is used to send the following information: 1 location of data on I/O device 2 the starting location in memory 3 the

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... block of data to the disk controller buffer Trang 10Disk Access Times average time to move from one track to another  average time to rotate to the beginning of the sector  Avg Latency time ... 9Locating a Block of Data Average seek time: time required to move from one track to another  Latency: time required for disk to rotate to beginning of correct sector  Transfer time: time required ... part of a platter  Head – reads data off the disk  Head crash  Parked heads  Number of bits on each track is the same! Denser towards the center.  CAV – constant angular velocity  Spins the

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... addressed to a receiver on the other network  Retransmit frames from sender using MAC protocol for receiver Trang 35networks correspond to the protocol of the other network to the router Trang 36Wide ... Trang 1Chapter 11Modern Computer Systems, Clusters, and Networks The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, ... idle and then transmit  If collision is detected, cease transmitting  After a collision, wait a random amount of time before retransmitting Trang 30Ethernet FrameTrang 31Switched EthernetTrang

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

... interrupt, the CPU reads an address on the data lines that is used to jump to the interrupt routine Trang 5The CPU Downward software compatibility  Disabled protected mode  Compatible with the ... memory is standard  Execution units in the PowerPC 4751 CPU Trang 28The IBM 360/370/390/zSeriesTrang 30The CPU Architecture is compatible for every model of the zSeries  24-bit, 31-bit, and 64-bit ... I/O architecture that can be interfaced with standard buses of other personal computers  Permits system components, bus adapters, and devices developed for other computers to be used with the

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

... Trang 1Chapter 13Operating Systems: An Overview The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, ... the completion of I/ O operations Trang 16Achieving Multitasking While one program is waiting for I/O to take place, another program is using the CPU to execute instructions  Time-slicing The ... the process of selecting which program to run at any given Trang 17Sharing the CPU during I/O Breaks I/O represents a large percentage of a typical program’s execution Trang 18Time-sharing the

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

... Trang 1Chapter 14The User View of Operating Systems The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, ... Trang 6 Chapter 14User View of Operating Systems 14-6 Command Line Interfaces Trang 7Command Languages Provide a mechanism to combine sequences of commands together These pseudo-programs are ... View of Operating Systems 14-16 GUI vs CLI GUI  Advantages  Disadvantages to write CLI  Advantages users  Disadvantages use Trang 17X-WindowsTrang 18 Chapter 14User View of Operating Systems

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

... Trang 1Chapter 15 – Part 1The Internal Operating System The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, ... different objectives Trang 6 Chapter 15The Internal Operating System – Part 1 15.1-6 Processes  Process: basic unit of work in the OS  A program together with all the resources that are associated ... block of data for each process in the system  Contains all relevant information about the process  Typical process control block on the right  Trang 8 Chapter 15The Internal Operating

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

... requirements of the media Trang 3Packet Header Also known as the preamble  Contains  Description of the packet  Destination address of receiver  Source address of sender  Information about the ... into the current file system Trang 19Access for a Networked Operating System Trang 20Network Systems Distributed system  Collection of independent computers that appear to the users of the systems ... Trang 1Chapter 15 – Part 2 Networks The Internal Operating System The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition,

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

... and confusion at a time when they are already burdended by either the loss of a loved one or shock of a sudden deterioation in health status Our assessment of the burdens of approaching relatives ... model of post event feedback requires the use of the Q-CPR equipment, which incorporates the realtime audiovisual feedback facility The study will be divided into phases (see table 1) During the ... site allows the estimation of the effect of the interventions to be adjusted for changes over time due to changes in other aspects of resuscitation care Page of 17 The prospective cohort approach...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 23:20

... can be relative to the ready -time of another job of the same task Therefore, a constraint like the ready-times of two consecutive jobs of a task must be separated by at least p time units, conforms ... after the triggering of the vertex u The semantics of the execution of such a task graph state that the source vertex can be triggered at any time, and if some vertex u is triggered then the next ... guarantees that the absolute deadline of the job generated by vertex v is larger than or equal 21 to the absolute deadline of the job generated by vertex u In the real- time systems literature the first...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:04