effectiveness—hydraulic fracturing air phase

... plant above 560 kW Air pollution especially during drilling and fracturing Measures may not be taken to prevent high emissions to air, leading to localised increased air pollution, although ... drilling equipment Air pollution especially during drilling and fracturing Measures may not be taken to prevent high emissions to air, leading to localised increased air pollution This potential ... which is the limit for this directive Air Quality Directive No measures to reduce emissions to air Levels of air pollution may be above impact levels or air quality standards Environmental...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 00:20

... be mixed with fracturing fluid if hydraulic fracturing was used to stimulate the well Proppant: Particles mixed with fracturing fluid to maintain fracture openings after hydraulic fracturing These ... includes hydraulic fracturing activities Flowback water: The water that returns to the surface from the wellbore within the first few weeks after hydraulic fracturing It is composed of fracturing fluids, ... compression-ignition engines 3.2 Local Air Pollution Shale gas production activities can produce significant amounts of air pollution that could impact local air quality in areas of concentrated...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 05:20

... bans on hydraulic fracturing Since 2008, 22 cities have rezoned to prohibit fracturing [29] The city of Dryden is one of these local governments that banned horizontal hydraulic fracturing via a ... operations from the construction phase through to the production phase, including well-site construction, soil disturbance, and potential contamination [32] Hydraulic fracturing would be precluded ... using land, water, and air resources 2 Federal and Regional Policies Several federal and regional policies have been adopted to oversee potential risks related to hydraulic fracturing However,...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 21:20

... analysis would be required. Introduction to Fracturing Hydraulic fracturing and horizontal wells are not new tools for the oil and gas industry. The first fracturing experiment was in 1947 and the ... Hydraulic fracturing involves using pressure applied... away from the wellbore The technology of fracturing in unconventional formations is considerably different than the fracturing techniques ... cement. No assessment of fracturing risk is made here for wells outside of the design requirements. The justification for this assumption is that the vast majority of fracturing is the first...

Ngày tải lên: 28/05/2014, 14:30

... YDRAULIC FRACTURING 7 2.1 Hydraulic fracturing of shales 8 2.2 Water-based hydraulic fracturing 10 2.2.1 Zipper fracturing 12 2.2.2 Cavitation Hydrovibration fracturing 12 2.2.3 Hydra-jet fracturing ... 2.9 Potential new developments 30 3 P NEUMATIC FRACTURING 31 4 F RACTURING WITH DYNAMIC LOADING 33 4.1 Explosive fracturing 33 4.2 Electric fracturing 37 4.2.1 Pulsed Arc Electrohydraulic ... noted that hydraulic fracturing is still the preferred method by the industry (OGP 2013) 1.2 Scope and objective This paper reviews hydraulic fracturing and alternative fracturing technologies,...

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2014, 23:03

... plants Trang 10Air: Unlike water, which primarily is a local issue, air emissions not only affect local air quality but also potentially have implications for climate change Air emissions are ... and address some outstanding questions Air emissions include volatile organic compounds, air toxics and methane Technological fixes exist to capture most air emissions, and some of these solutions ... Emerging Risk Management Issue 19 Tables Table 1: 2012 Hydraulic Fracturing Disclosure Resolutions 42 Table 2: 2010-2011 Hydraulic Fracturing Disclosure Resolutions 43 Trang 5Key Findings  The...

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2014, 23:03

... 1Hydraulic Fracturing: The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly Stephan MacLellan, P.Eng SPE Luncheon November 21, 2012 Trang 2The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly – an unbiased view of Hydraulic Fracturing ... What is Hydraulic Fracturing (aka Fracin’, Fracking, Stimulation)?  The Oil and Gas Well Development Process  Types of Fracture Treatments  Myths and Truths of Hydraulic Fracturing  A quick ... with other sources of energy production  The future of Hydraulic Fracturing  Question period Trang 4What is Hydraulic Fracturing aka Fracin’, Fracking, Stimulation? Engineer’s Definition:...

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2014, 23:04

... production from fractures with multiphase and non-Darcy fl ow using any proppant available Fracturing’s Historic Success Many fi elds would not exist today without hydraulic fracturing In the US, these ... facility These remotely controlled pumps were powered by 1,475 hp surplus Allison aircraft engines used during World War II fracturing has increased US recoverable reserves of oil by at least 30% and ... now as the base fl uid in approximately 96% of all fracturing treatments employing a propping agent In the early 1970s, a major innovation in fracturing fl uids was the use of metal-based crosslinking...

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2014, 23:04

... Trang 1   Shale Gas and Hydraulic   Fracturing in the US:   Trang 2 Significant ramp up in production will likely unveil two major drivers of increased operational  ... major  shale  gas  reserves,  please  see  Appendix  II:  Global  Trang 4dependent  on  hydraulic  fracturing  such  as  Chesapeake  Energy,  Encana,  Ultra  Petroleum,  Range Resources,  and  Southwestern  ... the  high  volume  water  stress  expected  to  increase  due  to  climate  change.  Hydraulic  fracturing  imposes  significant  demands  on  the  water  supply  that  compete  with  increasing ...

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2014, 23:06

... mixture to the fracturing pumps Typically used prior to the start of the fracturing job; once the job is started the fracturing pumps perform water transfers Fracturing Tanks - Fracturing Tanks ... Well Integrity Testing 62 5.8 Fracturing Treatment Design 63 5.9 Pre-Fracturing Treatment and Analysis 63 5.10 Monitoring During Hydraulic Fracturing 63 5.11 Post Fracturing Modeling 65 5.12 ... Overview of Hydraulic Fracturing 5 2.1 Hydraulic Fracturing: The Process 6 2.2 Hydraulic Fracture Treatment Design 13 2.3 Hydraulic Fracturing Monitoring 15 2.4 Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids ...

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2014, 23:07

... employed to enable economical gas production from unconventional reservoirs is hydraulic fracturing Trang 3Hydraulic Fracturing is the process of transmitting pressure by fluid or gas to create cracks ... rates to economic levels The type of hydraulic fracturing used is dependent on a number of variables: • Type of well that has been drilled • Cost of fracturing and materials As companies look to ... the type of hydraulic fracture process that will be used What is Hydraulic Fracturing? Trang 4History of Hydraulic FracturingOil and gas discoveries were initially found as seeps where hydrocarbons...

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2014, 23:07

... fractures Trang 16Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid Properties 16 © 2012 Baker Hughes Incorporated All Rights Reserved Trang 17Fracturing Matrix 17 1000 to 0.5 md Sandstone Fracturing used to stimulate ... md Brick, Concrete Fracturing required for production 0.001 to 0.000001 md Granite, Shale Fracturing required for production Horizontal Drilling required for production Fracturing Categories ... Trang 19Shale Fracturing © 2012 Baker Hughes Incorporated All Rights Reserved 19 build a network of new and existing fractures fracture network Trang 20Producing Formation Fracturing Network...

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2014, 23:08

... Presented by Mr ĐỖ QUANG KHÁNH, HCMUT Content & Agenda Ref:  Recent Advances In Hydraulic Fracturing, John L Gidley, Stephen A Holditch, Dale E Nierode & Ralph W Veatch Jr.,1991  ... has a much higher permeability than the surrounding formation Introduction o Minimum hydraulic fracturing candidate well selection screening criteria Trang 3LENGTH, CONDUCTIVITY, & EQUIVALENT ... CONDUCTIVITY, & EQUIVALENT SKIN EFFECT o What length or fracture permeability is desirable in hydraulic fracturing?  • Low‐permeability reservoirs, leading to high‐conductivity fractures, would benefit...

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2018, 23:16

... Presented by Mr ĐỖ QUANG KHÁNH, HCMUT Content & Agenda Ref:  Recent Advances In Hydraulic Fracturing, John L Gidley, Stephen A Holditch, Dale E Nierode & Ralph W Veatch Jr.,1991  ... has a much higher permeability than the surrounding formation Introduction o Minimum hydraulic fracturing candidate well selection screening criteria Trang 3LENGTH, CONDUCTIVITY, & EQUIVALENT ... CONDUCTIVITY, & EQUIVALENT SKIN EFFECT o What length or fracture permeability is desirable in hydraulic fracturing?  • Low‐permeability reservoirs, leading to high‐conductivity fractures, would benefit...

Ngày tải lên: 09/12/2018, 12:09

... the following subsections Solid Phase—Liquid Phase—Gas PhaseThe molecular structure in these phases differs, and thus, the phenomena related to the individual phases will need information on ... case when two different phases meeting (e.g., liquid–air, solid–air, liquid–solid, liquid [A], liquid [B], solid [A], and solid [B]) are involved.The combinations of phases are described in the ... reservoir, one may depict this system as Different Surface Phases in a Shale Gas Reservoir: Solid Phase (Shale)—Liquid Phase (Fracking Fluid)—Gas Phase (Methane Gas)There are two distinct aspects, different...

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2019, 16:08

... Population SINGAPORE • • • • • • • • • • • • The Clean Air Act of 1986 (Singapore Statutes) The Clean Air Act Regulations of 1972 (Standards) The Clean Air Order of 1973 (Prohibition on the Use of Open ... directives, including amendments, address air quality, air pollution from both stationary and mobile sources, and ozone depletion including: • 70/220/EEC, Air pollution by gases from positive ignition ... of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants, 1988 • 89/369/EEC, Air pollution from new municipal waste incineration plants, 1989 • 89/429/EEC, Air pollution from existing municipal...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:23

... general circulation, under the direction of the Publishing Committee.” J W JAMES, Chairman of the Board CHARLES B FAIRBANKS, Recording Secretary BOSTON, April 26, 1848 BOSTON: PRINTED BY FREEMAN ... man must be connected or known to the aristocratic classes, and that it was certainly unfair, as it gave unfair advantages to those who happened to have friends or connections having that power ... interests and proper management of the affairs of the country, is forced to give way in particular instances And like all irregular means, it is of most unfair and partial application; the relief...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 02:20

... of a control phase and a weapons phase During the control phase, aircraft crews are instructed to maintain radar lock-on and position themselves for an attack During the weapons phase, which ... performance of military personnel in a variety of air combat exercises The authors consider three exercises: carrier landings, marine bombing, and air- to -air combat They find that while both short-term ... assess how AFQT score was related to various aspects of air defense and Patriot air defense system operation The study included several types of air defense situations: point defense, asset defense,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 22:20

... overall stability of the cubic phase Conversion of POR-PChlide650 to POR-PChlide640, possibly by disaggregation, removes these constraints destabilizing the cubic phase, resulting in the relaxation ... 1036–1040 26 Brentel, I., Selstam, E & Lindblom, G (1985) Phase equilibria of mixtures of plant galactolipids The formation of a bicontinuous cubic phase Biochim Biophys Acta 812, 816–826 27 Grevby, ... characterized by a parallel deficiency in organized PLB The ability of the PLB to form a bicontinuous cubic phase is linked to the high proportion of the nonbilayer forming lipid monogalactosyldiacylglycerol...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 04:20

... New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi São Paulo Shanghai Taipei ... Labour (ILO) Richard B Freeman currently holds the Ascherman Chair of Economics at Harvard University and is serving as Faculty Co-Chair of the Harvard University Trade Union Program Professor Freeman ... and women’s work and health in agriculture and the food industry Anaclaudia Fassa is currently Chair of the Department of Social Medicine and Director of the Program of Occupational Epidemiology...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 12:20