Well Completion and Hydraulic Fracturing Methodology Explained

Drilling Process • Drilling Rig – Controls the downward force on the bit – Supports the drill string or casing as new joints are added • Vertical Drilling – Power comes from the rotatory

Trang 1

Kevin Rice

AAEE Workshop – May 14 th , 2012

Trang 2

Well Construction Process

Trang 3

Drilling – general statistics for US Land

April 2012

3

Trang 4

Drilling Process

• Drilling Rig

– Controls the downward force on the bit

– Supports the drill string or casing as new joints are added

• Vertical Drilling

– Power comes from the rotatory platform on surface

– MWD (Measurement While Drilling)

– LWD (Logging While Drilling)

– Downhole drill motors

Trang 5

Drilling Fluids (Muds)

Trang 6

Cementing Principles

casing and the formation

stability and isolate zones

casing and up the annular space

– Ensure bonding by both chemical and mechanical techniques

– Centralize the casing in the open hole

6

Trang 7

– Isolate groundwater aquifers

– Marcellus typically less than 500 ft

– Isolate production zone from other formations

– Contain hydraulic fracturing, production strings, etc

7

Trang 8

Cementing Measurements

Prior to Placement

Compare to expectations

Trang 9

Completion Tools

– Punctures casing to create flow path

– Isolates zone with packer or fill

– Isolates and accesses openings in one process

Trang 10

Hydraulic Fracturing Process

Conventional Oil and Gas

pressure of the formation

• Flow the fluid back out of the fracture while the proppant stays in place

10

Trang 11

Why Fracture?

11

Radial Flow – Flow converges

Linear Flow – No converging

Trang 12

Production Increase

12

In 1960 experiments were conducted

by McGuire and Sikora with an

electrical resistance grid to simulate

the reservoir production increases by

Trang 13

Fractures are created, then held open with a proppant, creating a conductive path Fracturing Proppants

Ceramic Sand

13

Trang 14

Fracture Mechanics

– Exceed breakdown pressure

– Circular initial growth, Height = Length

– Direction based on formation stress

Trang 15

Fracture Growth

Shape and Containment

Intersection with natural fractures

Trang 16

Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid Properties

Trang 17

Fracturing Matrix

17

1000 to 0.5 md Sandstone Fracturing used to stimulate production

0.5 to 0.001 md Brick, Concrete Fracturing required for production

0.001 to 0.000001 md Granite, Shale Fracturing required for production Horizontal Drilling required for production

Fracturing Categories

Trang 18

Unconventional (Shale) Fracturing

– Mudstone, siltstone, shale stone

– Source rock for nearby oil and gas bearing formations – Very fine grain size, extremely low permeability

– Tends to be highly fractured

– Within the natural fractures

– Adsorbed on the surface

– Within the porosity

18

Shale outcropping

Trang 19

Shale Fracturing

19

build a network of new and existing fractures

fracture network

Trang 20

Producing Formation

Fracturing Network

alter the near wellbore stress field and promote more

secondary fractures

Trang 21

Summary:

it is not a standalone process

formations include:

– Measurement while drilling

– Logging while drilling

– Downhole drilling motors

– Multistage completions tools

– Fracture network techniques

Trang 22

Fracture Height Growth in Marcellus

22

From SPE 152596 Hydraulic Fracturing 101 by George King, Feb 2012

Định dạng
Số trang	22
Dung lượng	1,7 MB