c programming language c programming language

... 7 2.7 R EDUNDANCY AND CHECKING 7 2.8 E NCAPSULATION 8 2.9 S AFETY AND COURTESY CONCERNS 8 2.10 I MPLEMENTATION AND DEPLOYMENT CONCERNS 9 2.11 C ONCLUDING REMARKS 9 3. C++ SPECIFIC CRITICISMS 9 3.1 ... real inconsistencies, which must be covered by either compile-time checks or run-time checks. In the scenario of this diagram, checks are insufficient so obscure failures occur at run-time, varying from obscure ... attention to exception handling. 2.6 Types In order to produce correct programs, syntax checks for conformance to a language grammar are not sufficient: we should also check semantics. Some semantics can

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 23:20

... 9Please click the advertC# 1 Introduction to programming and the C# language Contents Free online Magazines Click here to download SpeakMagazines.com Trang 10Please click the advertC# 1 Introduction ... services. Let your imagination take shape. Trang 6Please click the advertC# 1 Introduction to programming and the C# language Contents Trang 7Please click the advertC# 1 Introduction to programming ... Trang 14C# 1 Introduction to programming and the C# language Introduction1 Introduction C# is an object-oriented programming language he fundamental architectural element of a program is a class,

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 02:20

... example: c ch ha ar r*c co on ns st t c cp p; / /const pointer to char c ch ha ar r c co on ns st t*p pc c; / /pointer to const char c co on ns st t c ch ha ar r*p pc 2; / /pointer to const char ... functions f f(c ch ha ar r), g g(c ch ha ar r&), and h h(c co on ns st t c ch ha ar r&) Call them with the arguments ´a a´, 4 49 9, 3 33 00 0, c c, u uc c, and s sc c, where c c is a c ch ar ... na am mi ic c_ _c ca as st t<type> (expr ) compile-time checked conversion s st ta ti ic c_ _c ca as st t<type> (expr ) unchecked conversion r re ei in te er rp re et t_ _c ca as st

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... respectively. Other conventions, such as .C C, .c cx xx x, .c cp pp p, and .c cc c, are also found. The manual for your com- piler will be quite specific about this issue. The reason for recommending ... the compiler a chance to check consistency pa rs er h in cl ud ed (§9 .3. 1) The functions implementing the parser are stored in p ar se r.c together with #i nc lu de directives pa rs er c ... Nicollo Machiavelli (‘ The Prince’’ §vi) The C++ Programming Language, Third Edition by Bjarne... implementation in which C and C++ use the same calling conventions might accept

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... in g&, c on st c r*); St ri ng op er at or co ns t St ri ng co ns t ch ar To save space, I have left the I/O and concatenation operations as exercises The main program simply exercises the S tr ... rc mp x.r ep s, y.r ep s) 0; }; S tr in g o pe to r+(c on st S tr in g&, c on st S tr in g&); St ri ng op er at or co ns t St ri ng co ns t St ri ng S tr in g o pe to r+(c on st S tr in g&, c ... Section 11.12 A String Class 297 f ri en d b oo l o pe to r!=(c on st S tr in g& x c on st S tr in g& y fr ie nd bo ol op er at or co ns t St ri ng x, co ns t St ri ng y) { r et ur n s tr cm

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... is done The concurrency mechanism will have a concept of locking to prevent two tasks accessing the same memory simultaneously Use the machine’s locking mechanism to implement a lock class. 9 (∗2.5) ... h () ‘‘backwards.’’ It finds the last occurrence of its second input sequence in its first input sequence, rather than the first occur- rence of its second sequence. The s se ea ar rc ch h _ _ ... ra ct t(c co on ns st t l li is t<C Cl lu ub b>& l lc c, l li is t<P Pe er rs so on n*>& o of ff f) / /place the officers from ‘lc’ on ‘off’ { f fo or r_ _e ea ch h(l lc c.b

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... basic techniques for buffering streams are presented §21.7 Locale: A l oc al e is an object that specifies how numbers are printed, what characters are lo ca le considered letters, etc It encapsulates ... output (c ou t), standard input (c in and error output (c er r) To use other co ut ci n), ce rr devices or files, streams must be created and attached to those files or devices The mechanisms ... application programmer thinks of as output is really the conversion of objects of types, such as i nt c r*, and E mp lo ye e_ re co rd into sequences of characin t, ch ar Em pl oy ee _r ec or

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... of l L character-literal: ’c-char-sequence’ L’c-char-sequence’ c-char-sequence: c-char c-char-sequence c-char c-char: any member of the source character set except the single-quote, backslash, ... backslash, or new-line character escape-sequence universal-character-name escape-sequence: simple-escape-sequence octal-escape-sequence hexadecimal-escape-sequence simple-escape-sequence: one of \’ \" ... \v octal-escape-sequence: \ octal-digit \ octal-digit octal-digit \ octal-digit octal-digit octal-digit hexadecimal-escape-sequence: \x hexadecimal-digit hexadecimal-escape-sequence hexadecimal-digit

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... 471 20 Generics 473 20.1 Generic Class Declarations 473 20.2 Generic Struct Declarations 484 20.3 Generic Interface Declarations 484 20.4 Generic Delegate Declarations 486 20.5 Constructed Types ... Constructors 343 10.11 Static Constructors 349 10.12 Destructors 352 11 Structs 355 11.1 Struct Declarations 355 11.2 Struct Members 356 11.3 Class and Struct Differences 357 ... 18.7 Stack Allocation 450 18.8 Dynamic Memory Allocation 451 Hejlsberg.book Page ix Friday, October 10, 2003 7:35 PM Contents x PART II C# 2.0 455 19 Introduction to C# 2.0 457 19.1 Generics 457

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... 7:35 PM Trang 81 Introduction6 declares a class named Stack in a namespace called Acme.Collections The fully qual-ified name of this class is Acme.Collections.Stack The class contains several mem-bers: ... hello.cs, the program can be compiled with the Microsoft C# compiler using the command line csc hello.cs which produces an executable assembly named hello.exe The output produced by this application ... about the component; and they incorporate their own documentation C# provides language constructs to directly support these concepts, making C# a very natural language in which to create and

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... access x++ Post-increment x Post-decrement new T( ) Object and delegate creation new T[ ] Array creation typeof(T) Obtain System.Type object for T checked(x) Evaluate expression in checked context ... try-catch statement is used to catch exceptions that occur during execution of a block, and the try-finally statement is used to specify finalization code that is always executed, whether an exception ... an exception occurred or not. The checked and unchecked statements are used to control the overflow checking con- text for integral-type arithmetic operations and conversions. The lock statement

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... public Access not limited protected Access limited to this class and classes derived from this class internal Access limited to this program protected internal Access limited to this program and classes ... static modifier is an instance method. An instance method operates on a specific instance and can access both static and instance members. The instance on which an instance method was invoked can ... public static readonly Color White = new Color(255, 255, 255); public static readonly Color Red = new Color(255, 0, 0); public static readonly Color Green = new Color(0, 255, 0); public static readonly

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... as the con-taining class If a constructor declaration includes a static modifier, it declares a static constructor Otherwise, it declares an instance constructor Instance constructors can be ... capacity) { items = new object[capacity]; } Constructors public int Count { get { return count; } } public string Capacity { get { return items.Length; } set { if (value < count) value = count; ... that contain executable code are collectively known as the function members of a class The preceding section describes methods, which are the primary kind of function members This section describes

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... (int c) 11 /* Return 1 if c represents an integer character (’0’ to ’9’) This function only works if the character 12 * codes for 0 to 9 are consecutive, which is the case for ASCII and EBCDIC character ... 2In practice, function interfaces tend to be much more stable (i.e., less subject to change) than code internals. Thus, the need to search for and change each occurrence of a function call is ... character sets */ 13 { 14 return c>= ’0’ && c <= ’9’; 15 } 16 17 void strcpy (char *s, char *t) 18 /* Copy character-by-character the string t to the character array s Copying ceases

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2017, 17:10

... static constructor for a class is called automatically when the object is accessed. c) A static constructor can have public as a accessibility modifiers 74. class A { public static ... Static constructors can be called explicitly or implicitly. b) Static constructors can have accessibility modifiers. e) Static constructors are called when the class is loaded. c) ... [2.5] “Object” that is used to create an object? a) void object(){} c) Object Object(){} b) object(){} d) Object(){} 70. Which of the following methods can act as a constructor for the class...

Ngày tải lên: 21/08/2012, 15:55

... the object is accessed. c) A static constructor can have public as a accessibility modifiers 74. class A { public static int X = B.Y + 1; } class B { public static int Y = A.X + 1; static void ... initialize a class. d) A static constructor cannot have accessibility modifiers. b) Static constructors may or may not take parameters. e) A static constructor for a class is called automatically ... Static constructors ? [2.0] a) A constructor-declaration may include a set of attributes. d) A class has no other constructors than those that are actually declared in the class b) A constructor-declaration...

Ngày tải lên: 09/04/2013, 09:10

... The conditional branch instruction can also be used independent of the CMP instruction. To branch using the conditional branch instruction only, the status of each flag in the CCR changed ... section introduces conditional test programs. To branch a process based on the collating sequence of values, the CMP (compare) instruction is used in combination with the conditional branch ... Conditional Branch Instruction Next, check the CMP instruction specifications in the instruction table. h t t p : / / r e s o u r c e . r e n e s a s . c o m Page 67 6.2 Programs Containing...

Ngày tải lên: 29/09/2013, 11:20

... available. Table 11-3. .NET Code-Generation Technologies Technology Description Microsoft.CSharp. This class supports compilation of a C# file that has been created on CSharpCodeProvider the fly, either ... lexbuf let paramNames = Compile.getParamList e let dm = Compile.createDynamicMethod e paramNames let args = Compile.collectArgs paramNames let clock = new Stopwatch() clock.Start() for i = 1 to ... little languages, or domain-specific languages (DSLs); you can create a DSL when the best way to solve a problem is to create a specialist language to describe the problem and then use this language...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2013, 10:20

... the modification has occurred. However, this doesn’t mean that a change can’t be rolled back, because the trigger has direct access to the modified row and as such can roll back any modification. ... the connection 23 cnnUserMan = new SqlConnection(STR_CONNECTION_STRING); 24 cnnUserMan.Open(); 25 26 // Instantiate and initialize command 27 cmmUser = new SqlCommand(“SELECT * FROM viwUser”, cnnUserMan); 28 ... constraint in some situations, because a trigger can access columns in other tables, unlike a constraint, which can only access columns in the current table or row. If your code is to handle your business...

Ngày tải lên: 27/10/2013, 07:15