basic structure of computer hardware and software pdf

... 1CHAPTER 1:Computer Systems The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2Typical Computer ... Trang 14communication between computers, I/O devices, and many software programs  HTTP: between Web servers and Web browsers  TCP/IP: between computers on the Internet and local area networks Trang ... Interface unit and other hardware components between different components Trang 10 Also known as primary storage , working storage, and RAM (random access memory)  Consists of bits, each of which

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2Why Binary? Early computer design ... Mark I and ENIAC  John von Neumann proposed binary data processing (1945)  Simplified computer design  Used for both instructions and data  Natural relationship between on/off switches and calculation ... 4Keeping Track of the Bits Bits commonly stored and manipulated in groups  8 bits = 1 byte  4 bytes = 1 word (in many systems)  Number of bits used in calculations  Affects accuracy of results

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2represented, stored and processed by a computerTrang ... Software Files extensions include wmf, dxf, mgx, and cgm products image-editing, painting and animation software drafters, and design-related professionals Web description language  Not proprietary ... Microsoft Windows environment: pixel colors stored independent of output device  Windows Paintbrush software Trang 28Object Imagesspreadsheet data graphs colors create the graphic  number of

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Formats The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2computer- Define the different ... rows of 800 pixels with 1 byte for each of 3 colors ~1.5MB file  Resolution (the number of pixels per inch)  Amount of detail affecting clarity and sharpness of an image  Levels: number of bits ... of detail and processing requirements are fairly simple  Input devices:  Digital cameras and video capture devices  Graphical input devices like mice and pens  Managed by photo editing software

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... 4:Representing Integer Data The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 332-bit Data WordTrang ... implement in hardware  Must test for 2 values of 0  Useful with BCD  Order of signed number and carry/borrow makes a difference 2 - 4 -2 12 - 4 8 Trang 11Complementary Representation Sign of the ... Example: representation of 3-digit number  Conversion to sign-and-magnitude number for 9’s complement Trang 15Choice of Representation Must be consistent with rules of normal arithmetic 

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2Floating Point Numbers Real numbers  Used in computer ... Sign (“+” in example) 2 Magnitude or mantissa (12345) 3 Sign of the exponent (“+” in 10 5 ) 4 Magnitude of the exponent (5)  Plus 5 Base of the exponent (10)  12345  12345 x 10 0  0.12345 x 10 ... in 8 bits exponent) traded for decreased precision (two digits of mantissa) Sign of the mantissa Trang 6mantissa Trang 7Overflow and Underflowsmall for representation Trang 9until leading zeros

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Man Computer The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2The Little Man ComputerTrang ... NumbersMailbox Code Instruction Description Trang 20Find Positive Difference of 2 NumbersTrang 22Fetch Portion ofFetch and Execute Cycle 1 Little Man reads the address from the location counter ... Languageassembly language instruction and binary (machine) language instruction  Mnemonics (short character sequence) represent instructions control over hardware, e.g., device drivers Trang

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... CPU and Memory The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2Chapter 7 CPU and ... execution Trang 3Chapter 7 CPU and Memory 7-3System Block Diagram Trang 4Chapter 7 CPU and Memory 7-4The Little Man Computer Trang 5Chapter 7 CPU and Memory 7-5Concept of Registers  Small, permanent ... Status of CPU and currently executing program  Flags (one bit Boolean variable) to track condition like arithmetic carry and overflow, power failure, internal computer error Trang 8Chapter 7 CPU and

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... 8CPU and Memory: Design, Implementation, and Enhancement The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and ... Trang 20 Unit of transfer between storage and cache memory Hit Ratio: ratio of hits out of total requests  Synchronizing cache and memory Write through Trang 21Step-by-Step Use of CacheTrang ... unit  Determine opcode  Identify type of instruction and operands  Several instructions are fetched in parallel and held in a buffer until decoded and executed  IP – Instruction Pointer

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2 Chapter 9 Input / Output 9-2Basic Model ... time sharing  Indicate abnormal event (CPU originates for notification and recovery)  illegal operation, hardware error  Software interrupts Trang 19Multiple Interrupts Identifying devices ... lines (hardware)  Interrupt request  Interrupt handlers  Program that services the interrupt  Also known as an interrupt routine  Process Control Block (PCB)  Located in a part of memory

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Trang 1Chapter 10Computer Peripherals The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang ...  Access time: average time it takes a computer to locate data and read it  Data transfer rate: amount of data that moves per second Trang 5Hierarchy of StorageCPU Registers Cache Memory (SRAM) ... on all platters  Block – small arc of a track  Sector – pie-shaped part of a platter  Head – reads data off the disk  Head crash  Parked heads  Number of bits on each track is the same!

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... 11Modern Computer Systems, Clusters, and Networks The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons ... 2003 Trang 2Basic Personal Computer SystemTrang 3Mainframe Computer SystemTrang 4Major PC System ComponentsTrang 5System Performance Improvements Trang 6 Increase the processing power of a system ... Coupled Systems Clusters or multi-computer systems  Each system has its own CPU, memory, and I/ Trang 13Shared-Disk Model Better load balancing  Complex software required for transactional

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

... 12Three System Examples The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2Three System Examples ... architecture that can be interfaced with standard buses of other personal computers  Permits system components, bus adapters, and devices developed for other computers to be used with the PowerPC ... 32-bit registers and addressing  Up to 36-bit physical and 52-bit virtual addresses  64-bit implementation  64-bit registers and addressing  Superscalar design  Only 40 bits of interface to

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

... Overview The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2Bare Bones Computer System Does ... 25Secondary Storage and Security Secondary storage management  Optimizes completion of I/O tasks for efficient disk usage  Combination of hardware and software  Security and protection services ... network Trang 8Simplified Diagram of Operating System Services Trang 10Hardware and the OS A hardware platform may support a variety of  Provides program and file portability  Enables user

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

... 1Chapter 14The User View of Operating Systems The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang ... command <operand1> <operand2> … <switch1> <switch2> …  Operands  Advantages Trang 6 Chapter 14User View of Operating Systems 14-6 Command Line Interfaces Trang 7Command ... and increase productivity  Choice of user interface depends on the kind of user  Writing programs vs running applications Trang 3User Functions Program execution  File commands  Mount and

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

... Internal Operating System The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 3Target ModelTrang ... amount of memory by using far less expensive hard disk space  Provides for process separation Trang 20 Chapter 15The Internal Operating System – Part 1 15.1-20 Frames and Pages Amount # of bits ... user vs system  Forking, spawning, cloning a new process  Parent and child processes Trang 7Process Control Block A block of data for each process in the system  Contains all relevant information

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

... of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2Network Basics Communication paths  Protocol standards ...  Collection of independent computers that appear to the users of the systems as a single computer  Client-Server system  Control is centralized in the server computer  Client computers have ... Receiving computer can process an entire block of data instead of a character or byte at a time Trang 5OSI Reference Model Open Systems Interconnection Model  Developed by International Standards

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

... 16 File Management The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 3Database File ... Majority of all files  Program source and binary files  Random Access  Assumes file is made up of fixed length logical records  Hashing is a common method used to calculate the location of an ... Provides a logical view for the user and hides the physical implementation  Manages directory structures and space allocation for each I/O device  Permits manipulation of data within a file  Requests

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

... 17Programming Tools The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Trang 2Programming Tools ... Components Lexicon  All legal words in the language  Meaning and type  Syntax  grammar rules  Semantics  meaning of command Trang 15Computer Language DescriptionsTrang 16Railroad Diagram ExamplesTrang ... amount of code  Eliminate repeated operations  Reorganize parts of of the program to execute faster and more efficiently  Use computer resources more effectively Trang 24Object file or object

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

... faces. B-Rep Data Structure Solid Modeling Solid models give designers a complete descriptions of constructs, shape, surface, volume, and density. Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided ... Modeling CAD Software CAD software can be divided based upon the technology used: 1. 2-D drawing. Its applications include,  · mechanical part drawing  · printed-circuit board design and layout  · ... Manufacturing Part-4 Computer Graphics-CAD Software Primitive creation functions: These functions retrieve a solid of a simple shape from among the primitive solids stored in the program in advance and create...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 08:15