a to z of key terms

... patron saint of Norway. This saga of St. Olaf (Ólafs saga helga), an adaptation of the Separate Saga of St. Olaf (see Sagas of St. Olaf), was apparently composed first and the rest of the sagas ... by name: a life of Olaf Haraldsson and a now-lost Catalogus regum Norwagiensium, a catalog of the kings of Norway. To judge from his history, this catalog appears to have contained some details ... and Ballinbay on Islay. Evidence also seems to be accumulating for a series of burials, including inhumations of a female and a child, at Val- tos on Lewis. A number of rich boat burials,

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 04:21

... housecarls appear As well as collecting tax for Harthac-nut, a number of housecarls, such as Bovi and Urk, appear in charters as both witnesses and as recipients of land grants In Domesday Book, ... king, Adils, which eventually brought about their and Hrólfr’s death in battle However, much of the material of the saga is clearly mythical and magical, and the saga narrative is constructed around ... renegade Earl of Northumbria and ally of Harald Hard-Ruler of Norway; in 1069, a fleet of rebellious northerners sailed from the Humber up to York as part of the uprising against Norman rule; and

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 04:21

... king, Harald Hard-Ruler; and Jaroslav’s court appears to have had prominent Scandi-156 • JARLSHOF Trang 10navian visitors, such as the exiled Olaf Haraldsson and Magnus I the Good of Norway, and ... Ingvar the Far-Traveled of Sweden Nev-ertheless, Jaroslav also made dynastic alliances outside Scandinavia, marrying other daughters to Andrew I of Hungary and Henry I of France, and four of ... great-great-grandfather of Sven and Ingefast JARLABANKI • 155 Trang 9JARLSHOF Site of a Norse farmhouse on the southern tip of Main-land ShetMain-land The site was discovered after violent storms

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 04:21

... that Kaupang was never as large as Birka in Sweden or Hedeby in Denmark, being a small market center of local impor-tance rather than an internationally significant town, and the houses excavated ... chronicles, Latin legends of individual saints, and vernacular and Latin narrative histories While most of the Kings’ Sagas deal with the lives and rules of Nor-wegian kings, there are a couple of sagas ... WOLIN. – K – KANHAVE CANAL This canal was constructed on the Danish island of Samsø, linking the natural harbor of Stavnsfjörd on the east coast with the sea to the west The canal runs for about one

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 04:21

... 1029. LADOGA. See STARAJA LADOGA. LANDNÁMABÓK. See BOOK OF SETTLEMENTS. LANGBARD – ALAND. Lombardy in northern Italy, but Langbar ð a- land was used by speakers of Old Norse to refer to Italy in ... power of its earls was eclipsed by the kings of Norway. Icelandic sources suggests that a now-lost saga about the Earls of Lade, *Hla ð ajarla saga, may have existed. Certainly, the earls emerge as ... which applied originally to Stockholm. A new national law-code and municipal law- code was issued by King Magnus Eriksson around 1350. LAW-ROCK. See ALTHING. LAXDÆLA SAGA (ON Laxdæla saga). One of

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 04:21

... weakness and launched an attack against Harthacnut, which resulted in the signing of a treaty that recognized Magnus as king of Norway and named Magnus as Harthacnut’s successor in Denmark Magnus ... Man as a small-scale aristocratic take-over, with the vast majority of peo-ple continuing to speak Gaelic The most important feature of the island’s administration was the as-sembly place at Tynwald, ... which have been excavated around the island’s coast These include the ship burials at Knock-y-Doonee and Balladoole and the burial mound at Ballateare A pagan cemetery, closely associated with a pre-existing

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 04:21

... the Book of Settlements, starting with Njal’s Saga and ending with Fóstbræðra saga Other sagas found in the manuscript include Egil’s Saga, Bandamanna saga, and Laxdæla Saga. MORKINSKINNA (“the ... west and testi-fies to the impact of Scandinavian settlement on Man MARKLAND (“Land of Forest”) Land to the north of Vinland that was first sighted by Bjarni Herjólfsson according to the Saga of ... time of the death of Æthelflæd, Scandinavian control of the East Midlands was largely ended: a series of campaigns by Edward and Æthelflæd had led to the recapture of Viking strongholds at Northampton

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 04:21

... contemporary identifications of the Rus with Scandinavia. Ar- chaeological excavations in Russia have also revealed a significant, if small-scale, Scandinavian presence in some of Russia’s earliest towns ... revolt against Cnut. Siward, who was appointed Earl of Northumbria at York in 1033, had to invade and harry the area north of the Tees in 1042 or 1043, after which date Northumbria was once again a ... at the Scandinavian mar- ket towns of Hedeby and Sciringesheal (see Kaupang) and to satisfy his own curiosity about what lands lay to the north of his own home. He also includes details of sailing

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 04:21

... Swedish and Norwegian kings, and their treaty was sealed with the marriage of Astrid, Olof’s daughter, to Olaf. His other daughter, Ingigerd, was married to Jaroslav the Wise of Russia. Olof was succeeded ... order to put a stop to the raiding of “certain Vikings” who used the islands as their base. Harald’s western expedition is said to have taken place after his victory at the Battle of Hafrsfjörd. ... and trade increasingly became Scots, and the last extant document in the Scandinavian language is dated to c. 1426. Scandinavian ownership of the islands was formally surren- dered to Scotland

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 04:21

... Ái and Edda (great-grandfather and great-grandmother) had a son called þræll (“slave, laborer”); Afi and Amma (grandfather and grandmother) had a son called Karl (“free man, farmer”); and Faðir ... widespread layers of manure suggest that Ribe may have been an important cattle market for the region Around 800, the market place at Ribe appears to have been made more permanent, and an area of about ... in a sea battle off the Isle of Man It is possible that Ragnald was already king of York at around this time, and the Anglo-Norman his-torian, Simeon of Durham, certainly suggests that this was

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 04:21

... Ellisif, was married to the Norwegian king, Harald Hard- Ruler; and Jaroslav’s court appears to have had prominent Scandi- navian visitors, such as Olaf Haraldsson and Magnus I the Good of Norway and ... just that, a story or fairy tale. There are about 30 surviving examples of Sagas of Ancient Times, and the most well known of these are Völ- sunga Saga and the Saga of Hrólfr Kraki. SAGAS OF THE ... Scandinavian rulers were rapidly assimilated to the Slavic population of Russia. This can be traced in the names of the Rus dynasty; Svyatoslav I (d. 978) was the first to have a Slavonic name,

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 04:21

... across them is called a transversal A pair of angles such as a and b that are on alternate sides of the transversal and lie between the parallel lines are equal in size and are called alternate ... Write Angle ACD = angle ABD Angles on the same arc are equal Angle ACD = angle BAC Alternate angles are equal Angle ABD = angle BAC Both angles are equal to angle ACD Therefore, triangle ABE is ... Example A family share a birthday cake, so that Jo has a slice with an angle of 121◦ , Sarah’s has an angle of 37◦ , and Andy’s slice has an angle of 162◦ What angle does Luke’s slice have? Sarah...

Ngày tải lên: 05/06/2014, 11:32

... Stockholm 382 • APPENDIX Uppsala (Gamla) Gamla Uppsala Historiskt Centrum Disavägen SE-754 40 Uppsala Visby, Gotland Historical Museum of Gotland (Gotlands Fornsal)* Strandgatan 12 SE-621 56 ... interests are in the Viking-Age and early medieval history of Britain and Scandinavia, particularly the nature and extent of the Scandinavian settlement in the various regions of the British Isles and ... ICELAND Reykjavik National Museum of Iceland* Suðurgata 41 IS-101 Reykjavik Árni Magnússon Institute (Stofnun Árna Magnússonar)* Árnagarður, V/Suðurgata IS-101 Reykjavik NORWAY Bergen Historisk...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 04:21

... Kathleen DuVall, 2005 The A to Z of Taoism by Julian F Pas, 2006 The A to Z of the Renaissance by Charles G Nauert, 2006 The A to Z of Shinto by Stuart D B Picken, 2006 The A to Z of Byzantium by ... Albert Moran and Errol Vieth, 2009 49 The A to Z of of African-American Television, by Kathleen FearnBanks, 2009 50 The A to Z of of American Radio Soap Operas, by Jim Cox, 2009 51 The A to Z of the ... David Walker and Daniel Gray, 2009 70 The A to Z of the Bahá’í Faith, by Hugh C Adamson, 2009 71 The A to Z of Postmodernist Literature and Theater, by Fran Mason, 2009 72 The A to Z of Australian...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 04:21

... Reader’s Note A dictionary is, of course, organized alphabetically, but when it comes to the Vikings, this is not as easy a task as it may sound: there are a number of additional characters ... unfamiliar with the conventions of the Scandinavian and Icelandic languages, I have chosen to anglicize these characters Thus, å and ä, are treated simply as the letter a; æ as the letters ae; ö and ... accepted anglicized form but ignored in the alphabetical ordering of entries Hooked o has been normalized as ö and hooked or nasal a as ã The forms of personal and place-names are a further source of...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 04:21

... led to a degree of urbanization in Scandinavia, as well as an increased awareness of European politics, society, and culture 6 • INTRODUCTION At the start of the Viking Age, Denmark, Norway, and ... archaeological, art historical, epigraphical, historical, linguistic, and literary evidence for Scandinavia and Scandinavians in the Viking Age It has also been necessary to include separate entries ... this area vary considerably There are larger tracts of flat, arable lands in Sweden than there are in Norway, but also much uncultivable marshland and forest Communications with inland areas in...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 04:21

... by a large tract of heavily wooded and marshy land Götaland was less remote than Svealand, and there seems to be evidence of contact between Götaland and the kingdom of Denmark, quite natural ... Scandinavians served in the bodyguard of the emperors of Byzantium This predominantly Scandinavian bodyguard was known as the Varangian Guard, and the most famous Varangian was the Norwegian king, ... Dictionary A ABBASID CALIPHATE The Abbasids were an Arab dynasty, descended from al-Abbas, the uncle of the Prophet Mohammed They displaced the ruling Umayyad dynasty and came to power in the Islamic...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 04:21

... suggested that Constantine’s source was a Byzantine diplomat or perhaps a Scandinavian from Russia, familiar with both the Slavonic and Scandinavian languages ÆLFGIFU OF NORTHAMPTON Known as Alfiva in ... the Anglo-Norman historian, William of Malmesbury AL-GHAZAL Poet and ambassador from Andalusia in Spain sent by Abdurrhaman II, Moorish emir of Cordoba, to the court of the king of the Majus ... fortification and waged a guerrilla war According to later apocryphal tradition, this period of exile was when he burned the cakes a peasant woman had asked him to watch and when he was visited by a vision...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 04:21

... traveled to Rome where the Pope gave him the title of Papal Legate to Scandinavia and the Baltic and made him Archbishop of Hamburg (the see was amalgamated with that of Bremen and elevated to ... as the Ox Road ART Viking art is generally applied art—art that was used to decorate a range of objects—rather than art for its own sake Viking art is also generally characterized by zoomorphic ... ship measures 16 meters long, 4.5 meters broad, and 2.5 meters deep, with a cargo capacity of 24 tons, and is one of the earliest examples of a Scandinavian trading vessel, a knarr ASSANDUN, BATTLE...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 04:21

... a ship It contained the remains of a man and woman, along with traditionally male grave goods that included horse-harnesses, stirrups, spurs, and a shield BALLATEARE Site of a Viking-Age pagan ... for Iceland, where she established a family farm on Breiðafjörður Her family came to be known by the name Laxdale and was the subject of a 13th-century saga, Laxdæla Saga –B– BAFFIN ISLAND See ... skin,” and who thus took on the characteristics of a bear in battle In some sagas, such as the Saga of Hrólfr Kraki, the berserker is even said to have taken on the shape of a bear The earliest...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 04:21